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Convergence Analysis as Distribution Dynamics When Data are Spatially Dependent 数据空间依赖时的分布动力学收敛分析
ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-07-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1639345
Margherita Gerolimetto, S. Magrini
{"title":"Convergence Analysis as Distribution Dynamics When Data are Spatially Dependent","authors":"Margherita Gerolimetto, S. Magrini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1639345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1639345","url":null,"abstract":"Conditional distributions for the analysis of convergence are usually estimated using a standard kernel smoother but this is known to be biased. Hyndman et al. (1996) thus suggest a conditional density estimator with a mean function specified by a local polynomial smoother, i.e. one with better bias properties. However, even in this case, the estimated conditional mean might be incorrect when observations are spatially dependent. Consequently, in this paper we study per capita income inequalities among European Functional Regions and U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas through a distribution dynamics approach in which the conditional mean is estimated via a procedure that allows for spatial dependence (Gerolimetto and Magrini, 2009).","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115544821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A Comparison of the Appraisal Process for Auction and Private Treaty Residential Sales 拍卖与私人协约住宅买卖估价过程之比较
ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1633516
S. Stevenson, J. Young, Constantin Gurdgiev
{"title":"A Comparison of the Appraisal Process for Auction and Private Treaty Residential Sales","authors":"S. Stevenson, J. Young, Constantin Gurdgiev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1633516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1633516","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines residential sale mechanisms from an appraisal perspective and empirically tests for differences in the valuation process for auctioned and private treaty sales. We test the hypothesis that agents use different criteria in preparing the guide prices for auctioned housing, with an element of under pricing in order to aid in the marketing of the property. The empirical tests are undertaken on a sample of auctioned and private treaty sales in Dublin, Ireland for the period of 1997–2004. We find that the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that agents do adjust valuations for auctions to attract additional potential bidders.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129881809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Economic Fundamentals and Urban–Suburban Disparities 经济基本面与城乡差距
ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9787.2010.00665.x
JunJie Wu
{"title":"Economic Fundamentals and Urban–Suburban Disparities","authors":"JunJie Wu","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9787.2010.00665.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2010.00665.x","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a spatially explicit model to examine how urban and suburban communities evolve differently with changes in local economic fundamentals such as rising income or falling commuting costs in the metropolitan area. The model highlights the importance of environmental amenities and the economy of scale in the provision of public services as determinants of urban spatial structure. Results suggest that urban sprawl, income segregation, and jurisdictional disparities are driven by the same economic conditions and thus tend to co-exist. Rising incomes or falling commuting costs for high-income households in a metropolitan area tend to increase land prices and public services in every community, while rising incomes or falling commuting costs for low-income households can have the opposite effects.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118215026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
City Structure and Congestion Costs 城市结构与拥堵成本
ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1600786
Francesco Trebbi, M. Bombardini
{"title":"City Structure and Congestion Costs","authors":"Francesco Trebbi, M. Bombardini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1600786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1600786","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a model and an automated methodology for decomposing congestion costs in cities. We model a city as a directed graph and define the planner’s problem of finding the subgraph minimizing the congestion costs (latency) of endogenously-routing traffic flowing through the subgraph. We show that the minimal total latency subnetwork displays congestion directly proportional to city population. By applying an automated search algorithm on a widely available Internet mapping application, and hence sampling from the empirically implemented subgraphs, the paper estimates the congestion-minimizing distortions of city transit networks in a large sample of United States and Italian cities.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114495043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Oosterweel Junction Revisited 东威尔枢纽重访
ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1571122
S. van der Loo, S. Proost
{"title":"The Oosterweel Junction Revisited","authors":"S. van der Loo, S. Proost","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1571122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1571122","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the Oosterweel junction, a new tunnel under the river Scheldt, that aims to alleviate the congestion on the existing tunnels and on the Ring of Antwerp. The paper uses data from existing studies of the same project to calibrate a simple network model (MOLINO-II). The model is then used to compare alternatives with and without the new tunnel. The alternatives include different combinations of tolls and bans on trucks. The study concludes that the first priority is not to build new capacity but to remove the pricing distortions on the existing capacity. The alternatives that include a pricing reform are the only ones that generate a positive net benefit, almost all scenarios that include the new tunnel have a negative net benefit.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116339999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatial Competition and Cross-Border Shopping: Evidence from State Lotteries 空间竞争与跨境购物:来自国家彩票的证据
ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1957304
Brian Knight, Nathan Schiff
{"title":"Spatial Competition and Cross-Border Shopping: Evidence from State Lotteries","authors":"Brian Knight, Nathan Schiff","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1957304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1957304","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates competition between jurisdictions in the context of cross-border shopping for state lottery tickets. We first develop a simple theoretical model in which consumers choose between state lotteries and face a trade-off between travel costs and the price of a fair gamble, which is declining in the size of the jackpot and the odds of winning. Given this trade-off, the model predicts that per-resident sales should be more responsive to prices in small states with densely populated borders, relative to large states with sparsely populated borders. Our empirical analysis focuses on the multi-state games of Powerball and Mega Millions, and the identification strategy is based upon high-frequency variation in prices due to the rollover feature of lottery jackpots. The empirical results support the predictions of the model. The magnitude of these effects is large, suggesting that states do face competitive pressures from neighboring lotteries, but the effects vary significantly across states.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123334614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Modelling the Effects of Immigration on Regional Economic Performance and the Wage Distribution: A Cge Analysis of Three EU Regions 移民对区域经济表现和工资分配的影响建模:对三个欧盟地区的Cge分析
ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-12-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1526078
K. Pouliakas, D. Roberts, E. Balamou, Demetrios Psaltopoulos
{"title":"Modelling the Effects of Immigration on Regional Economic Performance and the Wage Distribution: A Cge Analysis of Three EU Regions","authors":"K. Pouliakas, D. Roberts, E. Balamou, Demetrios Psaltopoulos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1526078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1526078","url":null,"abstract":"The paper uses a regional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to analyse the effects of immigration on three small remote EU regions located within Scotland, Greece and Latvia. Two migration scenarios are assessed. In the first, total labour supply is affected. In the second, the importance of migratory flows by differential labour skill types is investigated. The results indicate significant differences in the extent to which regional economies are affected by immigration. They also suggest that remote regions are highly vulnerable to the out-migration of skilled workers ('brain-drain') while the in-migration of unskilled workers leads to widening wage inequality.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124978711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
The Dynamics of Homeownership: Eliminating the Gap between African American and White Households 住房所有权的动态:消除非裔美国人和白人家庭之间的差距
ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-12-21 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6229.2009.00257.x
T. Boehm, A. Schlottmann
{"title":"The Dynamics of Homeownership: Eliminating the Gap between African American and White Households","authors":"T. Boehm, A. Schlottmann","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-6229.2009.00257.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6229.2009.00257.x","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses a sample of young renters from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and a continuous-time econometric model to explore not only the initial tenure transition to first-time homeownership, but also subsequent possible tenure transitions to a second owned home, back to rental tenure and, indirectly, to a second owned home from rental tenure. Once estimated, the predicted probabilities of these transitions are used to calculate the probability of homeownership at various times for households in the sample. These estimates are done separately for African Americans and whites for two different 11-year time intervals, 1987–1997 and 1993–2003. A primary result is that if African American education, income, net wealth and savings behavior could be brought in line with that of white households the majority of the racial gap in homeownership could be eliminated in either time period.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"33 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132241307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Regional Convergence Clubs in Europe: Identification and Conditioning Factors 欧洲区域趋同俱乐部:识别与制约因素
ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-10-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1438007
M. Bartkowska, Aleksandra Riedl
{"title":"Regional Convergence Clubs in Europe: Identification and Conditioning Factors","authors":"M. Bartkowska, Aleksandra Riedl","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1438007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1438007","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to empirically identify convergence clubs in per capita incomes of European regions and to investigate whether initial conditions − as suggested by the club convergence hypothesis − are responsible for club formation. To tackle this issue, we propose a two-step procedure in which we first endogenously identify groups of regions that converge to the same steady state level, and in a second step we investigate the role of starting conditions and structural characteristics for a region's club membership. Our sample comprises 206 European NUTS2 regions between 1990 and 2002. The results strongly support the existence of convergence clubs, indicating that European regions form six separate groups converging to their own steady state paths. Moreover, estimates from an ordered logit model reveal that the level of initial conditions such as human capital and per capita income plays a crucial role in determining the formation of convergence clubs among European regions.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126711622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 199
Homeownership and Child Welfare 自置居所及儿童福利
ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6229.2009.00243.x
David Barker, Eric A. Miller
{"title":"Homeownership and Child Welfare","authors":"David Barker, Eric A. Miller","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-6229.2009.00243.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6229.2009.00243.x","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have concluded that homeownership is beneficial to children. This result is important because it is used to justify large government subsidies that encourage homeownership. We reexamine the results of two of the most prominent of these studies using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Public Use Microsample, and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data. We extend this research by controlling for residential mobility, wealth, dwelling type and vehicle ownership, as well as by using a “differences in differences” methodology to deal with possible treatment effects bias. We find that the beneficial effects of homeownership previously measured are substantially reduced or eliminated by controlling for these factors. We confirm these results using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127239849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 79
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