Powder Technology最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and their efficiency in automotive radiator heat transfer systems","authors":"Bahram Keyvani ,&nbsp;Reza Aghayari ,&nbsp;Farideh Yosefi ,&nbsp;Davood Toghraie ,&nbsp;Soheil Salahshour","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing heat transfer in automotive radiators is a matter of concern in the automotive industry. Accordingly, the role of using oxide nanoparticles in various heat exchangers has been extensively studied. However, fewer studies addressed the role of these nanoparticles in radiators. In the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by recycling the spent batteries as copper-rich sources, which is a rather inexpensive and environmentally friendly method of preventing electronic waste production. Subsequently, a homemade single-tube heat exchanger apparatus was designed to perform a series of nanofluid heat transfer experiments using the response surface methodology. The performance of copper oxide nanofluid heat transfer effects was investigated using varying Reynolds numbers in the range of 2000 to 12,000, volume fractions in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 %, and inlet temperature of the nanofluid between 30 and 40 °C. The results indicated that the Nusselt number increases with the enhancement of nanoparticle concentration, Reynolds number, and temperature. The optimal Nusselt number of 123.4 was observed at a temperature of 40 °C, volume concentration of 0.3 %, and Reynolds number of 12,000. The quadratic model demonstrated the best correlation for the Nusselt number, with mean squared error, root mean squared error, and correlation coefficient values of 3.589, 1.894, and 0.9901, respectively. Under such conditions, a satisfactory fit between the experimental data and the proposed relationship was achieved with deviation in the range of +2.1051 and − 2.8369. The corresponding maximum positive and negative errors were 8.0895 and − 10.6169, respectively. The obtained results confirm that the proposed method is not only cost-effective but is also advantageous from environmental considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 120887"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agglomeration mechanism of wet coal powder vibration screening based on discrete element method","authors":"Xiaoming Han ,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Guo ,&nbsp;Chengtao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the agglomeration effect of wet coal powder, maintain good self-cleaning ability of the vibrating screen mesh and increase the recovery rate of wet fine coal powder, a vibration separation screening model for wet coal powder was established based on liquid bridge theory, throwing motion principles and the Hertz-Mindlin with JKR contact model. The influence factors such as amplitude, vibration frequency, vibration direction angle and screen surface inclination angle of the vibrating screen on the agglomeration of wet coal powder on the screen surface was analyzed. Using the outlet de-screening rate as the evaluation indicator, EDEM simulation was used to analyze the variation law of the outlet de-screening rate of wet coal powder passing through the vibrating screen under different working condition parameters. The experimental platform for vibration separation screening was established to test the screening and agglomeration effects of wet coal powder under different operating conditions. The results show that, as the amplitude increases, the particle clusters become smaller. As the vibration frequency increases, the particle clusters decrease initially, then increase and decrease again. As the vibration direction angle increases, the particle clusters increase initially, then decrease and increase again. The screen surface inclination angle is directly proportional to the size of the particle clusters, and the larger the inclination angle of the screen surface, the larger the particle clusters. The reliability of the simulation model is verified by comparing the simulation results with the experimental results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 120886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Fe-, Mn-, and Ni-based ores and mine residues as sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective oxygen carriers for chemical looping processes","authors":"Gislane Pinho de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Iñaki Adánez-Rubio ,&nbsp;Juan Adánez ,&nbsp;Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo ,&nbsp;Renata Martins Braga","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Finding a suitable oxygen carrier that is both cost-effective and highly reactive across multiple cycles in chemical looping processes remains a challenge. Consequently, this research focuses on the assessment of Fe-, Mn-, and Ni-based ores and mine residues as low-cost and sustainable oxygen carriers. Chemical composition, crushing strength, and attrition rate were determined. Their reactivity was evaluated in a thermobalance with CH₄, H₂, and CO, followed by assessment in a batch fluidized bed reactor with the same gases. All materials exhibited good mechanical properties at the outset, except MinMnT, which lacked the required mechanical strength and was subjected to thermal treatment. MinFeC, MinFeF, and MinMnT1000 demonstrated effective oxygen transport capacity and high reactivity both in thermobalance and FBR, with no agglomeration and a lifetime ranging between 3000 and 10,500 h. Given the outstanding performance of MinMnT1000 with CO and H₂, it is considered an excellent candidate for further evaluation in <em>i</em>G-CLC with biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 120858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic mechanisms and mesoscopic failure characteristics of wheat straw powder-enhanced microbial cemented aeolian sand","authors":"Zihua Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Jin ,&nbsp;Chong Shi ,&nbsp;Di Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is an eco-friendly soil stabilization technology widely applied to the solidification of aeolian sand. To further enhance the effectiveness of MICP in cementing aeolian sand, this study introduced wheat straw powder (WSP) as a reinforcing material and conducted experimental research on WSP-enhanced microbial cemented aeolian sand. By combining macroscopic physical and mechanical tests with discrete element method (DEM) simulations, this study systematically investigated the mechanisms by which WSP enhances microbial cementation and the mesoscopic failure characteristics of the material. The results indicated that adding WSP significantly increased the calcium carbonate content, resulting in uniform calcite deposition and encapsulation of sand particles. This enhancement increased the compressive strength and deformation resistance of the cemented sand columns, with a notable increase in strain at failure. DEM simulations further revealed that as the calcium carbonate content increased, macroscopic cracks within the sand columns evolved from single to multiple pathways, eventually penetrating the entire sand column along the loading direction. The internal bonding failure process could be divided into compaction, expansion, and rapid growth stages. Additionally, the uniformity of particle bonding in WSP-reinforced sand columns significantly impacted their macroscopic mechanical behavior, with uneven interparticle bonding likely inducing microcrack accumulation, leading to severe fracture patterns. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing microbial cementation techniques for aeolian sand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 120879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement, prediction, and analysis of effective thermal conductivity of powder beds enhanced by periodic open cellular structure","authors":"Wei Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Mou ,&nbsp;Penghui Feng ,&nbsp;Zewei Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Powder beds are widely utilized in various industrial fields. However, the inherent properties of the particles limit their heat transfer performance. One of the most promising solutions to enhance heat transfer is the addition of periodic open cellular structure (POCS) to form packed POCS. However, the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of packed POCS has been rarely explored. This study aims to enhance the heat transfer performance of powder beds by integrating POCS and establish a predictive framework for their ETC. In this study, the ETC of the powder beds, POCS, and packed POCS was measured. The modified Zehner–Schlünder–Damköhler (ZSD) model was adopted to predict the ETC of the powder beds. A prediction formula for ETC of packed POCS was developed based on the ZSD model. The effects of particle properties on the thermal conductivity of both powder beds and packed POCS were investigated. Results revealed that an increase in solid thermal conductivity (<em>k</em>_s) enhanced heat transfer within both powder beds and packed POCS. Reductions in porosity (<em>ε</em>) and packing density (<em>ε</em>_packing) enhanced heat transfer within powder beds and packed POCS, respectively. Particle diameter (<em>D</em>_p) had a negligible impact on ETC. POCS has the potential to significantly enhance heat transfer in the powder beds, and the incorporation of POCS into powder beds increased ETC by 2–5 times. In addition, the ETC of packed POCS was accurately predicted using the prediction formula (maximum relative error ≤ 5.7 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 120883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical in situ diagnostics of iron nanoparticle aerosols in microwave plasma","authors":"Hecong Liu ,&nbsp;Guannan Liu ,&nbsp;Torsten Endres ,&nbsp;Christof Schulz","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microwave plasma synthesis of iron nanoparticles is a complex process involving nucleation and growth of particles, and phase transitions. Accurate diagnostics are essential for understanding this process. In this study, we employ optical in situ diagnostics, including line-of-sight attenuation, optical emission spectroscopy, and two-color thermometry, to investigate the synthesis process. We evaluate the effects of different nanoparticle sizes and phases on the diagnostics. Our results demonstrate that while the nanoparticle phase has a limited effect on pyrometric temperature measurements, size variations can introduce significant errors in volume fraction measurements. We observe that an increase in precursor flow rate yields a higher nanoparticle count but results in smaller nanoparticle size, lower nanoparticle temperature, and a more strongly focused nanoparticle stream. The observed thermal radiation indicates successful nanoparticle generation within the plasma zone. This research contributes valuable insight into the process of iron nanoparticle formation and the associated diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 120882"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on the effect of individual variations on inhaled drug particle deposition distribution in grouped realistic inhaler-airway models","authors":"Lixing Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang Guo ,&nbsp;Zhenbo Tong ,&nbsp;Ya Zhang ,&nbsp;Aibing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inhaled administration is essential for treating asthma, lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Breezhaler®, as a low-resistance dry powder inhaler device, has shown excellent performance. Investigating the impact of different airway structures on the deposition mechanisms of Breezhaler® drugs in various characteristic zones is essential for improving inhaler designs and predicting the particle deposition distribution. The primary aim of this study is to systematically examine how individual differences impact the particle distribution and deposition mechanisms in different areas within the inhaler-airways. CFD was conducted to analyze the airflow pattern within these models. DPM was utilized to track the deposition paths of particles. Fourteen realistic airway models with inhalation devices were reconstructed, and the effects of three distinct inhalation airflow rates and particle sizes were analyzed. The results showed that the curvature of the airway and the length of the pharynx increased the likelihood of particle deposition. When the glottis structure had small cross-sectional tips, it caused uneven velocity distribution, but increasing the circularity and equivalent diameter of the glottis could mitigate this effect. For treating deep lung diseases like COPD, a lower inhalation flow rate makes particle size less critical, while higher flow rates require smaller particle sizes for optimal treatment. For bronchiectasis treatment targeting the tracheobronchial region, users with lower inhalation flow rates should use 4 μm particles, and those with higher flow rates should use 2 μm particles. Model 1 shows potential as a representative model for predicting deposition distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 120881"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering design and computational particle fluid dynamics simulation of a 10 MWth CH4-fueled chemical looping combustion reactor","authors":"Yongqi Tong,&nbsp;Jie Cheng,&nbsp;Xi Chen,&nbsp;Haibo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemical looping combustion (CLC) technology, known for its capability to achieve in-situ CO₂ separation during fuel combustion, is recognized as one of the most promising carbon capture technologies currently available. CLC technology has recently transitioned from laboratory research to engineering demonstration. To explore the characteristics of the CLC process, an engineering design methodology is established, leading to the design of a 10 MW_th CLC unit. A comprehensive computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) simulation of this 10 MW_th CLC reactor is conducted at full scale, offering detailed hydrodynamic information on gas-solid two-phase reactive flow within the reactor. Pressure balance, flow patterns, and the distribution of various gas components are sequentially analyzed. Crucial multiphase-flow parameters, including gas phase distribution, solid phase distribution, and pressure distribution within the reactor, are acquired, supplementing important details that are usually challenging to obtain in experiments. The results reveal that an automatically-established pressure balance within the system, with the solid circulation rate at the air reactor outlet of 113 kg/s, is attained. The methane conversion fluctuates between 80 and 90 %, achieving a carbon capture efficiency of over 95 %. The lower loop-seal effectively isolates the atmospheres between the air reactor and fuel reactor. The simulation results align well with these of the engineering design, validating the reliability of the engineering design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 120862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Stokes number-dependent filtered drag model for fluidized gas-particle beds with varying material properties","authors":"Yiming Zhao ,&nbsp;Shouzheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In fluidized bed systems, accurately predicting drag forces is essential for understanding particle-fluid interactions, and the drag force model should be applicable across a wide range of parameters for particles with varying material properties, such as Geldart A, B, and D types. Using fine-grid two-fluid simulation data from periodic sedimentation systems, this study examines the influence of Stokes number <em>St</em>, density ratio <em>DR</em>, dimensionless filter size, and filtered solid volume fraction <span><math><msub><mover><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi></msub></math></span> on the heterogeneous index <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math></span>. For the same <em>St</em> but different <em>DR</em>, <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math></span> decreases as <em>DR</em> increases. Conversely, for the same <em>DR</em> but different <em>St</em>, a critical solid volume fraction <span><math><msub><mover><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> of approximately 0.32 is observed: when <span><math><msub><mover><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mover><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math></span> increases with larger <em>St</em>, while when <span><math><msub><mover><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><msub><mover><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math></span> increases with smaller <em>St</em>. Furthermore, <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math></span> approaches unity at high <em>St</em> (<em>St</em> &gt; 20,000) for Geldart D particles. Based on these findings, a unified filtered drag model was developed by incorporating <em>St</em> to capture the impact of material properties. The proposed model demonstrates favorable performance in <em>a posteriori</em> tests across various fluidized beds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 120860"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEM parameter calibration strategy applied to the strain-softening characteristics of sliding zone soil with the support of GA-BP","authors":"Chunyang Hua ,&nbsp;Zongxing Zou ,&nbsp;Maolin Fan ,&nbsp;Haojie Duan ,&nbsp;Yikai Niu ,&nbsp;Zhekai Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mesoscopic parameters of the discrete element model play a vital role in the precise simulation of the shear mechanical behavior exhibited by sliding zone soil. Presently, discrete element simulations of shear behavior in slip belt soils are mainly conducted via triaxial compression tests for the calibration of fine-scale parameters. It has not been found that the parameters are calibrated directly from the results of ring shear tests which are becoming increasingly widely used to study shear mechanical behavior. This study introduces a novel approach for the calibration of discrete element parameters, employing Genetic Algorithm- Back Propagation to effectively simulate the strain softening behavior of sliding zone soil in ring shear tests. The samples utilized in this research are generated through orthogonal design and three-dimensional particle flow code. The Genetic Algorithm- Back Propagation neural network training data were used to establish a nonlinear mapping relationship between the macro and fine mechanical parameters of slip belt soils, and the genetic algorithm was used to find the fine optimal parameters. The indoor ring shear tests were conducted and then compared with the Genetic Algorithm- Back Propagation model inversion results. The findings indicate that the calibration method proposed in this study is capable of rapidly and accurately inverting the meso-mechanical parameters. Building on this, it has been demonstrated that this method is capable of effectively representing the strain softening behavior of rock and soil, thereby enhancing both the efficiency and accuracy of parameter calibration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 120880"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}