{"title":"‘uMuntu nguMuntu ngaBantu’: Toward an Equitably Infused Global Epistemological Orientation and Global (Philosophy of) Education","authors":"J. Cossa","doi":"10.1163/21983534-10010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-10010004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The core question in this article is whether, or not, uBuntu and Humanism can simultaneously inform a pursuit of an equitably infused global epistemological orientation and, consequently, an equitably infused global (philosophy of)1 education. I argue that uBuntu and Humanism are not compatible at the very core of their ontological, axiological, and epistemological nature, and thus, might present an epistemological challenge to any attempt to develop an equitably infused global epistemological orientation and an equitably infused global (philosophy of) education. Moreover, I assume the broad etymological definition of philosophy as the ‘love of wisdom’ and that wisdom is a manifestation in uBuntu world, and consequently the love of such, and the resulting need to inquire into the compatibility, while recognizing potential incommensurability, between how wisdom is thought of by Western humanist-derived epistemologies and by uBuntu-derived epistemologies. At the center of the analysis is the nature of ‘human’ or ‘person’ since both Humanism and uBuntu are intrinsically bound to conceptualizations of personhood. Framed within the historical backdrop of the European Renaissance and the African Renaissance, the article comprises a critical historical outlook and analysis of primary and secondary sources of discourses on Humanism and uBuntu. Primary focus is on works of so-called2 classical thinkers such as Heidegger, Husserl, Cheikh Anta Diop, René Descartes, Frederick Nietzsche, Julius Nyerere, and John Mbiti. The key aim is to challenge scholars to work toward the equitable infusion of epistemologies inherent in these two terms, instead of continuing to see these terms as interchangeable, which essentially authenticates and perpetuates the imposition of humanism on non-humanist contexts. The African Renaissance might be the adequate space for such equitable placement of uBuntu as a source of global epistemologies alongside those emanating from Humanism.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87540155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Right to Education and the Spirit of Bandung: Critical Reflections","authors":"Samir Amin","doi":"10.1163/21983534-10010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-10010002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article is a reflection on the social processes that had taken place sixty years after the 1955 unprecedented historical meeting in Bandung organized by the nations and peoples of Africa and Asia to declare their right to reclaim their independence, which subsequently took place over several decades until the 1990s. But Bandung claimed more than regaining political independence to the extent that this had to be complemented by the reconstruction of the concerned societies, economically, socially and culturally. The right to education is a fundamental human right, which is inseparable from economic development and people’s aspirations to a full and a wholly authentic democracy. Even in the real existing world governed by capitalism, development must be holistic as economic progress must mean progress of society and individuals, and access to, and the effective exercise of, all individual and collective rights, and in all domains of social existence, including education.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86725718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlation between Albumin, Colon Leakage Score (CLS), and Anastomotic Leakage after Colorectal Cancer Resection","authors":"R. Rudiman, P. Hapsari, Novi Christina Indrajaya","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2666","url":null,"abstract":"Anastomotic leakage is still the most undesirable complication of colorectal surgery. The reported incidence of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery varies from 1.8% to 15.9%. The impact of anastomotic leakage is increased morbidity, mortality (12–30%), length of stay, and cost of hospitalization; hence, this complication should be prevented as much as possible.Several studies have shown a correlation between low albumin levels and increased anastomotic leakage.The Colon Leakage Score (CLS) is a standard score for predicting anastomotic leakage, but this score does not include the albumin level as a parameter of anastomotic leakage despite the importance of the albumin level’s contribution on the anastomotic leakage. Therefore, this study sought to analyze the correlation between the albumin level, CLS, and the incidence of anastomotic leakage after anastomotic resection surgery in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia. This study was a cross-sectional retrospective analytical study on medical records of CRC patients over the age of 18 who underwent intestinal anastomotic resection surgery between 2016–2020. There were thirty-two patients with colorectal cancer underwent anastomotic resection during the study period, with two patients experienced anastomotic leakage. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient for the albumin level and anastomotic leakage was 0.209, while the correlation coefficient between CLS and anastomotic leakage was 0.110. There is no correlation between albumin level, CLS, and the incidence of anastomotic leakage after anastomotic resection surgery in CRC patients treated at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45648811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Prameswarie, Dientyah Nur Anggina, Camelia Panache, Florence Triningtyas
{"title":"Influence of Pesticide Intoxication Education on Farmer Knowledge and Attitude in Kalidoni District, Palembang City, Indonesia","authors":"T. Prameswarie, Dientyah Nur Anggina, Camelia Panache, Florence Triningtyas","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2698","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge and attitude of farmers are among factors that influence pesticide intoxication in farms. They are influenced by several variables, including education. Farmers’ knowledge and attitude on pesticide intoxication may change after they receive interventions, such as education about pesticides. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and attitude of farmers on pesticide intoxication before and after an education session on pesticides in Sei Selincah Sub-district, Kalidoni District. This was a quasi-experimental observational analysis with a two-group pretest posttest design with a control group. This study used primary data from farmers in Sei Selincah Sub-district, Kalidoni District. Sampling was performed using the purposive sampling method and seventy-six respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. Results of the statistical tests using the Wilcoxon test showed that there was no difference in the level of knowledge and attitude of farmers before and after education, both fort the intervention group and the control group (p>0.05). Thus, education does not influence the level of knowledge and attitude on pesticides and pesticide intoxication among farmers.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48340967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurfadly Nurfadly, Iqrina Widia Zahara, Said Munazar Rahmad
{"title":"Differences in CD95L Levels and Blood Test Results in Primary and Secondary Dengue Infection Patients","authors":"Nurfadly Nurfadly, Iqrina Widia Zahara, Said Munazar Rahmad","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2822","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue is a disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) that is transmitted mainly by the female Aedes aegypti mosquito. There are four serotypes of DEN, leading to a possibility that a person may be infected four times by this virus, albeit with different serotypes. Recovery from infection with one viral serotype provides lifelong immunity to the same serotype but not to the other serotypes. Secondary infection by other serotypes increases the risk of developing severe dengue. The pathogenesis of severe dengue involves apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells that leads to plasma leakage. In addition, there is usually a decrease in platelets and leukocytes and an increase in hematocrit. This study aimed to compare the results of the CD95L examination involved in the apoptotic process and the results of blood tests in primary and secondary dengue patients. This was a cross-sectional study performed in a four months period (September–December 2019) involving several clinics and doctor's private practices in Medan, Indonesia. Subjects were eighty-four dengue patients, consisting of 18 (21%) patients with primary infection and 66 (79%) with secondary infection. Data collected were tested with the Mann Whitney test with p-value of <0.05 considered significant. A significant difference (p value=0.007) was observed in the lymphocyte counts between primary and secondary dengue patients, but no differences were seen in CDL95 level, platelet count, leukocyte count, and hematocrit. In conclusion, except for the lymphocyte count, there is no difference in CD95L level and blood test results between primary and secondary dengue patients.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47776152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ihwan Narwanto, A. Purwandhono, K. Sofiana, Zahrah Febianti, E. Putri, M. A. Jauhani
{"title":"Neurotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Carbofuran, and Cypermethrin in Adolescent Rats’ Brain","authors":"Muhammad Ihwan Narwanto, A. Purwandhono, K. Sofiana, Zahrah Febianti, E. Putri, M. A. Jauhani","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2749","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic exposure to insecticides, even at low levels, has led to chronic neurotoxicity. Adolescent brain is still undergoing important developments, including in the hippocampus. This study investigated neurotoxicity effects of subacute exposure to chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and cypermethrin in the brain of adolescent rats. This study was performed at the Histology, Biochemistry, and Animal House Laboratory of Jember University from November to December 2021. Subjects were divided into five groups: normal, control, chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, and cypermethrin. Short-term memory was evaluated by Y maze test and tissue damage was evaluated by histological examination. Brain MDA levels were determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance method to evaluate the oxidative stress effect on the organ. This study showed spontaneous alternation in the Y maze test and the number of pyramidal neurons in hippocampus decreased in the cypermethrin group. There was a significant elevation of brain MDA level in carbofuran and cypermethrin groups. Thus, cypermethrin causes more severe neurotoxicity than carbofuran and chlorpyrifos. Improvements in the insecticide application management are urgently needed to prevent neurotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42374395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) in Patients Treated in an Indonesian Tertiary Hospital from 2008 to 2019","authors":"Ferry Safriadi, I. N. Palgunadi","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2418","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder cancer is the 10th most common cancer in both males and females with a ratio of 3:1. About 75% of bladder cancers are non-muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC). The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) patients treated in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital as one of the tertiary hospitals in Indonesia. This was a retrospective descriptive study that involved reviewing the medical records of patients diagnosed with NMIBC between January 2008 and December 2019. Characteristics reviewed were age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, urinary tract infection and stone history, intravesical chemotherapy and its side effects, and urinary cytology results. All data were tabulated and charted. Fifty-one out of 773 bladder cancer patients were diagnosed with NMIBC (6.59%). The mean age was 62.94 years old, with the majority of patients were in the 60-69 age group (31.37%). Males constituted the majority of the patients (n=44, 86.27%), with most patients had ideal BMI (66.66%), smoking history (72.54%), urinary tract infection history (56,86%), and urolithiasis history (5.88%). Thirty patients were given intravesical chemotherapy (58.82%), three patients experienced hematuria (10%), and four patients had painful urination (13.33%). Urinary cytology showed atypical cells (92.16%) in the majority of patients. The incidence of NMIBC in bladder cancer patients in our study was 6.59%, which differs from the incidence in developed countries of 75%, as shown in previous literature.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46369220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Setiawan Setiawan, Y. Pratiwi, R. Lesmana, Galuga Sinalusur Sari, A. Ramdan, Aldo Hartono, Fathurachman Fathurachman, U. Supratman
{"title":"Nutmeg Extract Alters Mitochondrial Genes Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Aging Rats","authors":"Setiawan Setiawan, Y. Pratiwi, R. Lesmana, Galuga Sinalusur Sari, A. Ramdan, Aldo Hartono, Fathurachman Fathurachman, U. Supratman","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2930","url":null,"abstract":"Nutmeg as one of Indonesia native plants has already been used widely in herbal treatment. It has been demonstrated that nutmeg presents activities related to mitochondria functions. Nutmeg potentially has the effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors Υ (PPAR Υ) which contributes to myogenesis, and may alters mitochondrial homeostasis in respiration and biogenesis. In this study, how nutmeg extract alters oxidative process in skeletal muscle of aging rats was explored. Twenty aging Wistar male rats aged 80 weeks old were divided into two groups (control and nutmeg treatment). Nutmeg extract was administered for 12 weeks using a gavage. After that, the soleus muscles were collected, weighted, frozen, and stored at -800C until used. Nutmeg was observed to increase the COX1 (1.9 folds, p<0.01), COX2 (1.6 folds, p<0.05), and COXIV (2.8 folds, p<0.01) gene expressions, in parallel with increased protein carbonyl levels (1.5 folds, p<0,01). Nutmeg treatment also significantly increased the expressions of antioxidant endogen COQ7 (2 folds, p<0,01) and PDSS2 (2 folds, p<0,01) in the soleus muscle. Taken together, nutmeg extract may improve mitochondrial respiratory oxidative activities in type I aging skeletal muscle.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42835303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors Associated with Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Treated at Serui General Hospital, Papua Indonesia","authors":"Fahri Ahmad Baihaqi, Henny Rumaropen","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2864","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a high fatality rate and has caused around 4,771,408 deaths worldwide as of 30 September 2021. COVID-19 infection presents various severity levels, starting from asymptomatic to severe symptoms that lead to death. Mortality in COVID-19 patients is associated with multiple risk factors. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in Serui General Hospital, Papua, Indonesia. A cross-sectional analytic observational study was performed in Serui General Hospital from September 2020to September 2021. Subjects were COVID-19 positive inpatients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variables were demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, comorbidities, and lab findings, while the dependent variable was mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test and logistic regression. This study included sixty-nine patients with 21 (30.4%) of them were non-survivors. The multivariate analysis showed that an NLR of >3.13 (OR 7.49; p=0.037; 95% CI 1.63–34.35), hypertension (OR 4.71; p=0.019; 95% CI 1.28–17.29), and age (OR 4.26; p=0.028; 95% CI 1.17–15.52) were associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Thus, NLR >3.13, hypertension, and age are considered to be the risk factors associated with the mortality caused by COVID-19 among patients in Serui General Hospital.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43996332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sasongko Hadi Priyono, Oscar Tri Joko Putra, A. Yasmina, Hery Poerwosusanta, Eka Yudha Rahman, I. Oktaviyanti
{"title":"BMI and TLC increase Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer","authors":"Sasongko Hadi Priyono, Oscar Tri Joko Putra, A. Yasmina, Hery Poerwosusanta, Eka Yudha Rahman, I. Oktaviyanti","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v54n4.2797","url":null,"abstract":"Anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the recommended therapy for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients. Unfortunately, no study has reported the relationship between body mass index (BMI), total lymphocyte count (TLC), and responses to this type of chemotherapy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BMI, TLC, and response to doxorubicin/epirubicin neoadjuvant chemotherapy in LABC patients. A retrospective cohort design was applied to medical records of LABC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin, Indonesia, from July to December 2021. BMI and TLC data were assessed based on the values before chemotherapy, while the chemotherapy response was measured using the RECIST 1.1 criteria after 3 cycles. Multinomial logistic regression test with 95% confidence level was used to analyze these data. The results showed that as many as 71% of patients experienced a Partial Response (PR), while 5% and 23% of the patients demonstrated Stable Disease (SD) and Progressive Disease (PD), respectively. Each increase in BMI of 1 kg/m2 was significantly associated with an increase in the occurrence of PR and PD by 1.26 times and 1.29 times, respectively, when compared to the occurrence of PD. Meanwhile, an increase in TLC of 100 cells/mm3 was associated with an increase in the occurrence of PR by 6.83 times and an increase in the occurrence of SD. of 6.94 when compared to the occurrence of PD. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between BMI, TLC, and response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in LABC patients","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43079498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}