Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal最新文献

Positioning India’s Climate Politics: Individual Level of Analysis 定位印度的气候政治：个人层面的分析

Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1163/21983534-12030001

Anmol Mukhia

{"title":"Positioning India’s Climate Politics: Individual Level of Analysis","authors":"Anmol Mukhia","doi":"10.1163/21983534-12030001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-12030001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract International climate politics and the global demand to combat climate change are gradually changing. The dichotomy of North-South discourse towards climate responsibility also evolves towards global initiatives, where India is considered a “dealmaker from a dealbreaker.” Why have India’s climate policies become proactive in commitment to international environmental politics since the Modi era? What are India’s positions toward international climate politics? In answer to these questions, countries’ foreign policy is guided by confident “choices” that help them to motivate the policy drivers in decision-making. In this article, I draw on the work of Valerie M. Hudson to argue the level of Analysis of Indian foreign policy in climate decision-making. In addition, India’s decision towards climate negotiation is an overall input of an ‘individual level’ because without a human being acting, no policy would be imaginable. In this way, I contribute to India’s position towards climate diplomacy and foreign policy choices in decision-making. Our finding shows that India’s interest in a ‘leadership role’ is not limited to the ‘economy’ alone in the climate debate but seeks a more extensive stakeholder in international politics.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"12 3","pages":"402-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147883306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Asymmetric Battleground: Terrorism and the Indo-Pakistani Protracted Conflict 不对称战场：恐怖主义与印巴旷日持久的冲突

Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1163/21983534-12020006

Surinder Mohan, Josukutty C. Abraham

{"title":"Asymmetric Battleground: Terrorism and the Indo-Pakistani Protracted Conflict","authors":"Surinder Mohan, Josukutty C. Abraham","doi":"10.1163/21983534-12020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-12020006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Indo-Pakistani conflict has been heavily influenced by cross-border terrorism, particularly after the Cold War. Pakistan initially used unconventional warfare against India during the First Kashmir War, but it was not until the mid-1980s that it fully embraced and pursued these methods in a systematic fashion. Despite India’s military superiority, Pakistan developed a strong system of state-sponsored terrorism and employed terrorism as a foreign policy tool to achieve its revisionist goals against India. In conformity with its revisionist policy, Pakistan’s unrestrained use of proxy strategies, combined with radical Islam and nuclear threats, helped sustain political unrest in Kashmir and further its political interests without significant fear of retaliation from India. The use of terrorism helped Pakistan, apart from securing leverage with India, to rationalize its strategic interests and project itself as a relevant geo-strategic player in the great powers’ struggle for supremacy in multipolar Asia. On the bilateral plane, now terrorism is taking a perennial turn, albeit slowly, as Pakistan is blending its long-term goals with the tested methods of unconventional warfare – in close conformity and alignment with China – to prevent India’s peaceful rise in the Indo-Pacific.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"12 2","pages":"321-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147893512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Fantastic East: Carnivalesque Public Space and Civil Sphere in Brazilian National Identity Building 神奇的东方：巴西国家认同建构中的嘉年华式公共空间与公民领域

Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1163/21983534-11020004

Fernando Lima Neto

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of WHO Stress Management for Improving Insomnia Severity Index Score in Telegram’s Self-Isolated Online Group Population 世界卫生组织压力管理改善Telegram自我隔离在线群体失眠严重程度指数得分的有效性

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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2753

Ines Damayanti Octaviani, Gusti Ayu Maharatih, Adriesti Herdaetha

{"title":"Effectiveness of WHO Stress Management for Improving Insomnia Severity Index Score in Telegram’s Self-Isolated Online Group Population","authors":"Ines Damayanti Octaviani, Gusti Ayu Maharatih, Adriesti Herdaetha","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2753","url":null,"abstract":"Insomnia is one of the various symptoms frequently found in patients with post-covid syndrome (PCS) (19.1%). The WHO Stress Management (WSM) is an eclectic psychotherapy that combines mindfulness and relaxation which, theoretically, can be effective in treating insomnia due to PCS. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of WSM in improving the Insomnia Severity Index Score for people with PCS. This was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control study on 18 participants in the population of online self-isolation group in the Telegram who experienced insomnia. The intervention applied was WSM. These participants were compared to 18 controls who only received psychoeducation. Clinical insomnia symptoms were examined using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) before the intervention, then the control group was given sleep hygiene psychoeducation, and the treatment group was given WSM in 5 Zoom on-cam meetings once a week for 30-60 minutes. A re-assessment using the ISI post-test was then performed, and data were analyzed statistically. There was a change in score for insomnia symptoms in the treatment group (delta score 27.50) compared to the control group (delta score 9.50, p=0.00; OR 0.00, p=0,99, 95% CI). Thus, WSM can improve the insomnia score in the population with PCS.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45758089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective Visual Media to Increase Knowledge and Comprehension of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Among Patients and Their Caregivers 有效的视觉媒体增加患者及其护理人员对耐多药结核病的认识和理解

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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2986

L. Chaidir, D. N. Pascapurnama, Claudia Selviyanti, Cindy Natasha, M. Jihadah, P. Santoso

{"title":"Effective Visual Media to Increase Knowledge and Comprehension of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Among Patients and Their Caregivers","authors":"L. Chaidir, D. N. Pascapurnama, Claudia Selviyanti, Cindy Natasha, M. Jihadah, P. Santoso","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2986","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia ranks thirdamong countries with the largest number of TB cases after India and China. Globally, more than 3-4% of all TB cases are Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB). MDR TB is a more complicated TB that needs extra treatments, which extend treatment time and increase adverse effects. Thus, MDR TB patients and their families often feel demotivated about completing treatment, leading to loss to follow up, which contributes to the never-ending transmission and greatly affects the success rate of the national TB control program. Thus, better knowledge and perception on MDR treatment for patients and families plays a crucial role in dealing with this issue. A cross-sectional study was performed from April to June 2019 to evaluate the effectiveness of visual educational media for TB patients and their caregivers. Participants consisted of 144 patients diagnosed with MDR TB and their caregivers or family members (n=22). A pre-test was administered before an education session by a nurse and visual media were used as the educational material. At the end of the session, a post-test was performed. The post-test score was then compared to the pre-test score to evaluate the session’s effectiveness using the paired t-test. Result showed significant increase in the post-test score (t= 3.249, df=3, p=0.04), with the caregivers attained a higher score, showing better improvement in knowledge after the session compared to the patient group. Hence, the MDR TB educational intervention using visual media is considered effective to increase participants ‘understanding of MDR TB. It is expected that with increased knowledge on MDR TB, the treatment success rate will increase and becomes the catalyst for the nationwide TB control strategy.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43172953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic Challenge of Adult-onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Remote Hospital 偏远医院成人1型糖尿病的诊断挑战

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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2842

Bryan Arista Hartono, J. Henrina, Doddy M Turmudzi

{"title":"Diagnostic Challenge of Adult-onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Remote Hospital","authors":"Bryan Arista Hartono, J. Henrina, Doddy M Turmudzi","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2842","url":null,"abstract":"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic endocrinological disease due to an autoimmune process. The prevalence of T1DM is 9.5% worldwide, with the incidence of 15 out of 100,000 people, ranging from childhood to 40 years of age. Autoimmunity-related late-onset Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients could be diagnosed as classic T1DM or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). A 30-year-old male patient with unremarkable previous medical history was admitted to the emergency room with dyspnea for the last three days that was worsened six-hour before admission. Physical examinations showed a body Mass Index (BMI) of 18.75 kg/m2, irregular pulse, and Kussmaul breathing. The patient was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) on May 23, 2019. He was discharged with subcutaneous insulin pen injections. Two years later, he was readmitted with DKA due to discontinuing his treatment. He stated that the reason for stopping the insulin was because he was tired of injecting it. The patient was hospitalized and was discharged with oral antidiabetic agents to cope with his injection tiredness issue. One week later, the patient complained of dyspnea and was diagnosed with recurrent DKA. He was hospitalized and prescribed subcutaneous insulin. In this kind of situation, a diagnosis of LADA for patients presenting with DKA without prior history of DM in early adulthood needs to be considered. In contrast to the classic T1DM, the need for insulin occurs late in LADA. Affordable and widely available ancillary examinations are needed, including in remote hospitals. Finally, motivational support for patients is as important as the pharmacological treatment since lifelong insulin injections are needed.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41992842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drug Interactions in Diabetic Ulcer Patients in an Indonesian Private Hospital 印尼私立医院糖尿病溃疡患者的药物相互作用

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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2982

Finny Alifiyatur Roosyidah, R. Yulia, F. Herawati, Heru Wijono

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic Outcome of High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) for Severe COVID-19 Patients in Isolation Intensive Care Unit 高流量鼻插管治疗隔离重症监护病房重症COVID-19患者的疗效

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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2875

Baginda Aflah, Erwin Pradian, Nurita Dian Kestriani

{"title":"Therapeutic Outcome of High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) for Severe COVID-19 Patients in Isolation Intensive Care Unit","authors":"Baginda Aflah, Erwin Pradian, Nurita Dian Kestriani","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2875","url":null,"abstract":"This retrospective descriptive study aimed to understand the outcomes of HFNC therapy in severe COVID-19 patients admitted to isolation ICU during the period of January to June 2021 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia. A total of 134 patients with severe COVID-19 were admitted to the isolation ICU and received HFNC. Among them, 44 patients (32.8%, N:134) were successfully weaned from HFNC and 90 patients (67.2%, N:134) failing HFNC with 10 patients (7.5%, N:134) died on HFNC use, 72 patients (53.9%, N:134) died on ventilator use, 4 patients (2.9%, N:134) moved rooms under HFNC use, and 4 patients (2.9%, N:134) moved to non-ICU isolation with ventilator use as the outcome. Patients’ median age was 60 years, most were male (52.3 %, N:134), median BMI was 25.4 kg/m2, with hypertension and diabetes mellitus as the main comorbidities. There was an improvement in the SpO2 on the first day after the use of HFNC. The ROX index had a median value of 3.6 on the first day, with the lowest ROX index of 3.2 and the highest of 4.4 during the treatment time. There was an improvement in the P/F Ratio in successful patients with a median initial P/F Ratio of 86.7 to 200.1 at the end of treatment. Overall, HFNC improves the hypoxemic conditions in early admission but does not correlate with general patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41741887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dose and Time-Dependent Lipopolysaccharide Exposure on A549 Cell Model Influences Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 8 A549细胞模型的剂量和时间依赖性脂多糖暴露对促炎细胞因子白细胞介素8的影响

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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v55n2.3143

Sarah Sumayyah, P. Suryadarma, Rachmawati Noverina, Wireni Ayuningtyas, F. Wirakusumah, A. Faried

{"title":"Dose and Time-Dependent Lipopolysaccharide Exposure on A549 Cell Model Influences Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 8","authors":"Sarah Sumayyah, P. Suryadarma, Rachmawati Noverina, Wireni Ayuningtyas, F. Wirakusumah, A. Faried","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v55n2.3143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v55n2.3143","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients is one of the causes of the high mortality rate of COVID-19. An in vitro model mimicking the inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients is important in the efforts of finding new drug candidates for this disease. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can increase the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 8 in response to the presence of foreign substances. This preliminary study sought to explore the use of the A549 cells as an in vitro inflammatory model. This study was conducted from August to November 2022 at the stem cell research and development laboratory of Bio Farma Indonesia. The exposure of 100, 500, and 1000 g/mL doses of LPS administered for 24, 72, and 120 hours on the A549 cells was analyzed for cell viability, population doubling time (PDT), and the presence of proinflammatory cytokine IL-8. The group differences were examined using one- and two-way analysis of variance in IBM SPSS Statistics Version 29, with a p-value of 0.05 considered significant. Cells exposed to a dose of 1000 g/mL LPS had a lower viability and a higher proliferation rate (p<0.05) based on the viability and PDT. Viability, PDT, and pro-inflammatory cytokines showed concentration- and time-dependent responses. Therefore, increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 in cells exposed to LPS at a dose of 1000 g/mL for 24 hours can be used as a mimic to study hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46752484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship between Age, Exercise Habits, Cigarette Smoke Duration Exposure, and Lung Vital Capacity in Passive Smokers 被动吸烟者年龄、运动习惯、吸烟持续时间与肺活量的关系

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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2169

Saskia Oktaviani Puteri, R. Ratnawati, Nura Eky Vikawati

{"title":"Relationship between Age, Exercise Habits, Cigarette Smoke Duration Exposure, and Lung Vital Capacity in Passive Smokers","authors":"Saskia Oktaviani Puteri, R. Ratnawati, Nura Eky Vikawati","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v55n2.2169","url":null,"abstract":"Lung vital capacity of is different for each individual depending on personal characteristics, such as age, body mass index (BMI), and exercise habits or environmental factors, such as exposure to cigarette smoke. This study aimed to determine the relationship between personal characteristics, duration of exposure to cigarette smoke, and lung vital capacity in passive smokers in one of the areas in Indonesia. This study was a cross-sectional observational analytic study conducted during the period of August to September 2019. Data were collected through interviews and measurements using the Contec SP10BT spirometer. Participants were sampled consecutively with only women who did not smoke but had at least one family member who actively smoked and was over 20 years old participated in this study. Women were selected as the population due to the fact that the proportion of passive smokers among women is higher than men, while the age group of above 20 years old was selected with a consideration of the average age for the optimum lung capacity. The relationship between personal characteristics and a history of exposure to cigarette smoke with lung vital capacity was analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation test. There is a significant relationship between age, exercise habits, duration of exposure to cigarette smoke, and vital lung capacity (p=0.000; p=0.018; p=0.000) among the participants of the study. However, further research is still needed to be able to generalize this finding into a broader community.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47921472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0