Exemplaria Classica最新文献

{"title":"ENNIUS, SCEN. 82 TrRF","authors":"Egil Kraggerud","doi":"10.33776/ec.v26.7369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/ec.v26.7369","url":null,"abstract":"Cicero’s quotation (at Rep. 1. 30) of Ennius scen. 82 TrRF (= XCV, lines 185-187 Joc.) needs some conjectural surgery to become more intelligible and hopefully a more memorable quote: I propose sint instead of sit; obseruationes instead of obseruationis; ante pedes quod est non spectant instead of quod est ante pedes nemo spectat.","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74328320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translatio Studii as Literary Innovation: Marie de France’s Fresne and the Cultural Authority of Translation","authors":"Michael Lysander Angerer","doi":"10.1080/10412573.2022.2144489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10412573.2022.2144489","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Medieval translations can be a shaping force in emerging vernacular literatures, as Marie de France’s Fresne and its Old Norse and Middle English translations demonstrate. While Sif Ríkharðsdóttir highlights that each version is adapted to its target literature, these texts also draw on the cultural authority of translatio studii to legitimize innovation. This article traces each text’s influence using Itamar Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory, having determined their position within the literary polysystem through textual and manuscript contexts. Each version constructs its own cultural authority to reshape the polysystem for different ideological purposes, thus producing texts that differ both from their source material and the norms of their target literatures. This is most apparent in their representations of courtliness: by invoking translatio studii, the Anglo-Norman Fresne establishes an exemplar of sincere interiority-based courtesy, whereas the Old Norse Eskia instrumentalizes French prestige to legitimize a performative ideal of courtliness in Norwegian literature. Conversely, the Middle English Lay le Freine uses translatio to reinvent its genre as the socially inclusive Middle English Breton lay, where courtliness is primarily a literary effect. Intervernacular translations therefore emerge as a key source of innovation in vernacular polysystems, pointing towards a new approach to comparative medieval literature.","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"24 1","pages":"341 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75971344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonbinary and Trans Premodernities","authors":"Karma Lochrie","doi":"10.1080/10412573.2022.2132687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10412573.2022.2132687","url":null,"abstract":"If 2021 will forever be known as the second year of pandemic, it should also be celebrated among premodern scholars as the year that trans and nonbinary studies of the past arrived in force in the form of three published books. After a period in which trans studies has emerged to challenge both historical periods and contemporary gender and sexuality studies, it is exciting that medieval and early modern scholarship has so quickly and vibrantly begun to address trans issues in its histories and literatures. If Michel Foucault (1978), Judith Butler (1990), and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick (1990) once urged gender and queer scholars to think of sexualities and genders in the plural beyond binarity and to work to recover that plurality in the historical past, they might not have anticipated the exciting heterogeneity and range of genders and sexualities that the three books I will be discussing below have so richly and abundantly charted. Nor could gender and queer scholars of premodernity have anticipated some of the theoretical provocations and historical documentation that these books assemble in the work of extending and challenging their work. The starting point for all three books is terminology, although the books accord with one another in their attention to the flexibility of their own terms, whether their titles cite “nonbinary gender,” “trans and genderqueer subjects,” or “trans histories.” Three overlapping aims also seem to unite the three books: to counter the presentism of our understanding of trans and nonbinary genders, to provide trans methodologies for studying literary and historical texts of the past, and quite simply to imagine transgender pasts and futures. The trans triad of scholarly books on premodern genders includes one monograph, The Shape of Sex: Nonbinary Gender from Genesis to the Renaissance by Leah DeVun, and two essay collections, Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography, edited by Alice Spencer-Hall and Blake Gutt, and Trans Historical: Gender Plurality before the Modern, edited by Greta LaFleur, Masha Raskolnikov, and Anna Kłosowska. The sheer abundance and exuberance of new ways to think about medieval and early modern gender, sex, and embodiment is best suggested from the following list of terms and EXEMPLARIA 2022, VOL. 34, NO. 4, 363–371 https://doi.org/10.1080/10412573.2022.2132687","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"1 1","pages":"363 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88531415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evoking Pure Narrative in La Chanson de Roland’s Laisses Similaires","authors":"Trask Roberts","doi":"10.1080/10412573.2022.2154016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10412573.2022.2154016","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article proposes a rereading of the famed laisses similaires of the Oxford manuscript of La Chanson de Roland to highlight how contradictory elements (emotions, actions, dialogue, etc.) stubbornly resist being smoothed away for conventional narrative harmony’s sake. These laisses similaires, successive retellings of presumably the same event in different words, occur at several key moments in the text and have attracted scholarly attention for their particularity and confounding nature. I adapt Walter Benjamin’s concept of reine Sprache (pure language) — which theorizes that through their intersections and totality, languages tangentially approach a language free from the burden of signifying — from the context of translation to narrative theory, positing an analogous term: pure narrative. Laisses similaires are thus treated as types of translations for an inexistent, and impossible, original. Just as all idioms gesture towards, without arriving at, pure language, no one laisse expresses pure narrative. Through their interactions, we glimpse its possibility.","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"15 1","pages":"322 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81971758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gawain, Race, and the Borders in The Turke and Sir Gawain 1","authors":"Nahir I. Otaño Gracia","doi":"10.1080/10412573.2022.2094600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10412573.2022.2094600","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This essay works through ideas of settler colonialism, displacement, and border-crossings in order to investigate the character of Gawain. The Middle English Romance, The Turke and Sir Gawain (TG), seems to follow Gawain as he learns to be a better knight and to uphold ideologies of inclusivity, courtesy, and virtue which appear to invite and accept difference. Nevertheless, Gawain’s attributes are also embedded in a borderland system in which Gawain, as a white borderland character, reinforces the status quo of the text in which Arthurian knights are the best knights and the Arthurian kingdom is expanded. The relation between and among “Gawain,” the “Turke,” and the “heathen soldan,” for example, serves to construct, deconstruct, and expand the borders of Arthur’s kingdom by racializing, erasing, and violently destroying both the “Turke” and “Soldan.” The Turke in particular is reborn as the Christian knight Sir Gromer.","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"11 1","pages":"222 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79791109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preaching to the Choir Fantastic: Conversion and Racial Liminality in Elene","authors":"M. Min","doi":"10.1080/10412573.2022.2099128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10412573.2022.2099128","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Cynewulf’s Elene — an Old English verse narrative in the Inventio Crucis tradition, which survives in the Vercelli Book — the figure of Judas stands out among the Jews of Jerusalem as the only person present who can answer Helena’s questions about the location of the True Cross. Although critical consensus has considered Judas to be an archetypal representative of the Jewish population of the city, this article argues that the poem actually constructs the religious race of Judas as a strangely liminal one, shifting him back and forth between the categories of Jew and Christian. Drawing upon concepts from medieval critical race studies and work on Jewish-Christian relations, it examines how Judas’s racial liminality lays the groundwork for the narrative’s culminating anti-Semitic fantasy of effortless universal conversion; furthermore, it offers a critique of allegorical reading practices in medievalist scholarship, and underscores the need for deliberate distancing between the medieval text and the modern reader.","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"75 1","pages":"274 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86008102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crisis And Ambivalent Futures in Middle English Romance","authors":"Catherine Sanok","doi":"10.1080/10412573.2022.2094601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10412573.2022.2094601","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper seeks to contribute to recent work that explores the relationship between affect and temporality by looking at the relationship between crisis, ambivalence, and futurity. The cluster’s operative definition of crisis, highlighting its early use to indicate a turning point in the progress of a disease, already links crisis to possible alternative futures: unlike a catastrophe — an event that is disastrous, irreversible, and final — a crisis is in process, its course and outcome undetermined. Or rather a crisis is experienced as such: although it’s not usually defined in this way, crisis is necessarily as much an affective category as an ontological one, a situation that allows for feeling fear and hope, and an experience of being oriented to the world by both terror and possibility. Borrowing from recent feminist and queer reconceptualizations of ambivalence to understand its bearing on experiences of crisis, this essay explores ambivalence in two Middle English romances — namely Amis’ ambivalence about the sacrificial killing of his children in Amis and Amiloun and Criseyde’s ambivalence about returning to Troy in Troilus and Criseyde — to explore its implications for medieval models of futurity.","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"27 1","pages":"252 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87740399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Langland’s Ethical Imaginary: Refuge and Risk in “Piers bern”","authors":"J. Sisk","doi":"10.1080/10412573.2022.2088190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10412573.2022.2088190","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Originally imagined as both granary and church writ large, Langland’s Barn of Unity morphs into a space of refuge-in-crisis as it is besieged by Antichrist and the Seven Deadly Sins in Piers Plowman’s apocalyptic finale. Central to Langland’s imagining is a conundrum at the heart of hospitality, the Latin root of which means not only guest and friend but also stranger and enemy. Within Unity, the allegorical figure of Conscience practices hospitality, welcoming others, yet attempting to set conditions for entry to keep his space morally intact. Unity is intended to be a refuge from the violence of sin, but with every act of welcome Conscience risks letting sin in. This essay breaks new ground by interrogating Langland’s representation of these acts of welcome in relation to recent hospitality theory (of Derrida and others) to illuminate how the satirical bent of the ending of Piers Plowman coexists with reformist idealism.","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"281 1","pages":"233 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76999465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forum Editors’ Introduction: Spaces and Times of Crisis","authors":"Elizabeth Allen, Gina Marie Hurley, M. Hurley","doi":"10.1080/10412573.2022.2099120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10412573.2022.2099120","url":null,"abstract":"This collection of essays was conceived and drafted on the cusp of 2021 at a moment of feverish attention to a future that no one could fully capture. From the layered crises of pandemic, protests, and elections, the country turned toward vaccination and a new American government while at the same time fearing further death and destruction, as we witnessed higher than ever unemployment, skyrocketing rates of illness and death, and a violent invasion of the US Capitol. As sociologist Rodrigo Cordero writes, “in a way, crisis is the moment where we are compelled to ask questions: where are we, what is going on, what went wrong, how we can get out of here?” (2017, 1) For medievalists working within the university, an institution already facing an array of challenges in the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, such questions have a particularly existential cast. Accordingly, we seek medieval resonance with the modern world: In the face of frayed communities and uncertain futures, we ask how the past thought about crisis, how medieval writers grappled with isolation, conflict, precariousness, and disaster. In line with recent projects such as The Decameron Project: 29 New Stories from the Pandemic, Why the Middle Ages Matter , and the recent issues of New Chaucer Studies: Pedagogy and Profession focused on trauma-informed and pandemic-era teaching, we explore what scholars the Middle Ages — historical moments riven by uprisings, usurpations, and plagues — have offer in our state uncertainty. we","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"17 1 1","pages":"209 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89059884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Modern Civility: A Pre-Democratic Form of Living Together?","authors":"Hélène Merlin-Kajman","doi":"10.1080/10412573.2021.1991725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10412573.2021.1991725","url":null,"abstract":"Mere Civility. Disagreement and the Limits of Toleration. By Teresa M Bejan. Harvard University Press. 2017. In Pursuit of Civility. Manners and Civilization in Early Modern England. By Keith Thomas. Yale University Press. [2018] 2020; Brandeis University Press. 2018. Descartes et la question de la civilité. La philosophie de l’honnêteté. By Frédéric Lelong. Honoré Champion. 2020. Hélène Merlin-Kajman","PeriodicalId":40762,"journal":{"name":"Exemplaria Classica","volume":"66 1","pages":"196 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90646843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}