Geographical Review of Japan-Series B最新文献

{"title":"A Study of Karafuto in the Sea of Japan Rim Regions after the Russo-Japanese War by Considering Reports of the Vocational Inspection Team from Niigata Prefecture, Japan","authors":"Miki Masafumi","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.88.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.88.80","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the economic importance of Karafuto, the southern part of Sakhalin Island, in terms of its disputed status as a Japanese or Russian territory. The author focuses on the Sea of Japan Rim Region. Shotaro Kazama, Chief Secretary of the Niigata Chamber of Commerce, edited ‘A Report of inspection for business of Vladivostok and Karafuto’ which was published in 1907 after the Russo-Japanese War. Niigata Prefecture had sent a team to inspect not only the merchants in Vladivostok but also the fishermen in the territorial waters of the Far East of Russia, where, in 1907, Japanese rights were still unsettled. One of the reasons for inspecting the activities of the merchants and fishermen was to document the widespread circulation of soy sauce, dyeing, and weaving as a precondition to establish a Japanese territory in Karafuto. By developing their networks, the merchants had established the Port of Niigata and the markets between Vladivostok and Karafuto as part of a direct regular voyage in the Japan Sea. Niigata Prefecture expected its team to obtain information about economic conditions in these regions. This study clarifies that the inspection team was dispatched by Niigata Prefecture as part of its regional policy in 1907. Niigata Prefecture’s proposed regional framework, “The Sea of Japan Rim Regions,” was similar to the Japanese Imperial Region, in which colonial areas were set up around the Japanese Islands. The author considers the political framework that existed in the Sea of Japan Rim Region near Niigata Prefecture as part of “petit Japanese imperialism” after the Russo-Japanese War.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"23 1","pages":"80-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90070828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Important Ports and Sea Areas in the Territorial Expansion of Modern Japan","authors":"Yamane Hiroshi","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.88.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.88.96","url":null,"abstract":"After the opening of Japan and the Meiji Restoration in the 1850s–1860s, the Japanese land space changed drastically with domestic restructuring and the expansion of overseas colonies. In the process, the stronger presence of Japan in Northeast Asia was accompanied by the reinforcement of the ports on the shores of the Japan Sea and the East China Sea. Some good natural ports on the mainland competed with rival ports in supplying services for the continent and in harbor improvements, and became positioned as pivotal nodes for international trade or passenger transit in the Northeast Asian network. This paper focuses on two successful ports, Tsuruga and Nagasaki, and explores two problems from the perspective of ‘realism-structuration.’ One is how locally influential individuals as special human agencies contributed to the regional formation of these ports through their time-space practices in the expansion process. The other is how they recognized and understood or experienced the sea areas surrounding the Japanese mainland and the continental area. Two key people, Owada in Tsuruga and Suzuki in Nagasaki, actively visited the continental area, and insisted on and practiced development of their localities in close relationship with the continental area. In this sense, they were special human agencies precisely embodying the structure that provided regional formation. Finally, the following inference is made: In a multilateral area as an actornetwork, from the viewpoint of Actor-Network Theory, the sea areas became involved in the networking as nonhuman actors.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"101 1","pages":"96-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90996060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Samoan Pioneer Wives and ‘Home’: From the Experiences of Living in Japan more than 20 years","authors":"Kuramitsu Minako","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.89.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.89.14","url":null,"abstract":"‘Place’ is a core concept in human geography and scholars have focused on how globalization has affected ‘place’ since the 1990s. Despite findings that ‘place’ is socially re/constructed under globalization’s fluidity, the relationship between ‘place’ and migration, which certainly shape and are shaped by globalization, has not been the subject of much academic attention from a perspective of migrants themselves. Within this context, this article aims to explore the relationship between ‘place’ and migration—particularly that between ‘home’ and marriage migrants— through life stories of three Samoan pioneer wives, who married Japanese men and have been living in Japan for over 20 years. As a result, the following three findings were identified. First, creating a ‘home,’ in the sense of crafting a new life in Japan, has been a long and challenging process, and a good relationship with their husbands’ families and acquisition of the Japanese language were necessary for Samoan wives to create a ‘home’ in Japan at an early stage. Second, the Samoan wives made a ‘home’ of their Samoan network, which enabled them to communicate with other Samoans and maintain connections to their home country. Last, creating or recreating a ‘home’ is a personal experience, influenced by how they grew up in Samoa and how they became accustomed to Japanese society.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"2013 1","pages":"14-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87741376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic Disasters from the 7th to the 12th Centuries: Considerations of Influences on Climatic Disasters by Local Climates in Nara and Kyoto","authors":"Marumoto Miki, Fukuoka Yoshitaka","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.89.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.89.46","url":null,"abstract":"Many natural disasters have occurred in Japan since ancient times. It corresponds to the “Medieval climate anomaly (MCA)” or “Medieval warm period (MWP)” which existed from the 9th to the 12th centuries, as pointed out by the climatologists in Europe and U.S.A. In the history of Japan, however, this period is called “ancient period”. In this study, the authors collected 1,220 records of climatic disasters and constructed a chronology of climatic disasters in Japan from the 7th to the 12th centuries. Furthermore, their secular changes of kinds and regions were clarified. It can be said that number of climatic disasters increased remarkably during the second half of the 9th century, the early 11th century and the latter half of the 12th century. Concerning kinds of climatic disasters, the most common disaster was storm (26.1%) and the next was drought (19.8%). As for place names related to all climatic disasters, the most frequent place was Kyoto (48.3%) and the second was Nara (7.9%). From these investigations, it was clarified that drought was the major climatic disaster before the 9th century. On the other hand, disaster caused by too much rain prevailed from the 9th century. But the regions with records on climatic disasters clearly changed from Nara to Kyoto at the end of the 8th century. Therefore, the authors proposed that local climates in Nara and Kyoto influenced the change of climatic disasters.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"46 1","pages":"46-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85982214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geography of Gender and Qualitative Methods in Japan: Focusing on Studies that have Analyzed Life Histories","authors":"Yoshida Yoko","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.89.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.89.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article tries to advance the discussion of the efficacy of qualitative methods often used in the geography of gender in Japan, in particular by focusing on narratives obtained through interview surveys and analyzed using discourse analysis. It can be said that around the year 2000 was a turning point in Japanese geography for research methods such as life-history research. The life-history research made it possible to hear the voices of subjects who have been placed in minority positions and have not been able to easily speak and to deepen the study of geography from various standpoints and to include the perspectives of minorities. Analyzing narratives in informants’ life histories encouraged geographers to clarify the structures of space/place by focusing on gender relations acted out as power. The studies which adopted the life-history research could be positioned with the field of gender studies in geography, as all of them reveal the social relations in local communities and of groups within particular spaces—which is to say that they demonstrate the gender relations preserved by the patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity. With geography, it has become possible to point out issues that are found only “here” and cannot easily be generalized by questioning “where,” including micro-scale spaces that cannot be mapped or visualized. This can be called “local knowledge” that is generated from the perspective of a “somewhere” that is rooted in people’s lives, as proposed by McDowell (1993).","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"28 1","pages":"4-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78105726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imperial Practice and the making of modern Japan’s territory: Towards a reconsideration of Empire’s boundaries","authors":"Edward Boyle","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.88.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.88.66","url":null,"abstract":"A renewed focus on the notion of empire has prompted an interest in questions of modern Japanese imperialism after the Meiji Restoration, both in Japan and abroad. It has also focused attention on the issue of comparing empires across Eurasia during the early modern period, under the rubric of ‘global history’. Japan has not really been incorporated into this latter discussion. This article begins by examining the reasons for this lack of incorporation, before moving on to discuss the value of considering early modern Japan as an imperial formation. The lens it adopts is one of cartography, that quintessentially imperial practice that has featured heavily in discussions of a Eurasian early modernity. The article examines the cartographic incorporation of Japan’s northern region of the Yezo into Japan itself, culminating in the area being newly designated as Hokkaido in the early Meiji period, the newest circuit within Imperial Japan’s administrative map. This political outcome was the result of varied practices that found reflection across the Tokugawa–Meiji divide. Yet this intense variety of practices, constantly shifting in response to contingency, served to form the state-effect, through which the land of Yezo was granted its unity and represented on the map. The territory on the map provided the visual, graphic representation of the demarcation of authority of the state that authorized the practice of its own mapping. In this manner, the state mapped itself into Hokkaido and from this perspective, the division between the early modern and modern eras is far less significant than is frequently assumed.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"28 1","pages":"66-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91267422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface to the Special Issue “Rethinking Gender and Geography in Japanese Contexts”","authors":"Kumagai Keichi, Yoshida Yoko","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.89.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.89.1","url":null,"abstract":"The principal reason for publishing this special issue is to present readers in Japan and around the world with a diverse range of contemporary Japanese research interests relating to gender and geography. Promoting feminist research is of critical importance because, as Yoshida, Murata and Kageyama (2013) raise, the geography of gender is not yet widely broached nor well developed as an area of discussion in Japanese academic circles. Amidst such circumstances, Yoko Yoshida and several colleagues from the field of geography established a new study group for gender and space/place within the Association of Japanese Geographers in March 2011. The study group for gender and space/place has held regular meetings at every bi-annual Association event. Keichi Kumagai also established in 2011 a nationwide research group with members from different universities, including Izumi Morimoto, Akiko Yorifuji, Minako Kuramitsu and Orie Sekimura, with the aim of “constructing a geography of gender and a global network with local sensitivity” through a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Both of these groups are keen to promote the younger generation of geographers. In fact, we have witnessed a growing number of young geographers joining the Commission on Gender and Geography during both the International Geographical Union’s Kyoto Regional Congress (KRC) and the Nara Pre-conference of Gender and Geography.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88235162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Place, Body and Nature: Rethinking Japanese Sense of Fudo and Minamata Disease","authors":"Kumagai Keichi","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.89.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.89.32","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of place has been a common concern in human geography including among feminist geographers since the 1970s. While the question of place in Western cities has been critically discussed, place or place-making and displacement in the non-Western world have not been well developed. The author addresses the issue in terms of the idea of ‘ fudo ’ (milieu) which has been subject to particular attention in Japanese philosophy and geography since the 1930s, owing to popularization by Tetsuro Watsuji and Augustin Berque. In this paper, the author highlights the ideas of fudo through illustration of a grave historical case of suffering in Japan: Minamata Disease. Minamata Disease, caused by the consumption of fish contaminated by methyl mercury, emerged in the 1950s. This tragedy can be understood as the outcome of three scales of fudo relationship: 1) the interrelationship between the local marine ecosystem and fishers’ practice on the sea; 2) political and economic domination of Minamata city by the Chisso company; and 3) national sentiment and the human-environment relationship in Japan at the time. I highlight the narratives of two women in Minamata, Michiko Ishimure and Eiko Sugimoto, as cases that embody the local fudo relationship. Their narratives present essential interactions in Minamata between the sea, land, deities, embodied lives and survival, which collectively construct fudo . Simultaneously, these narratives illustrate Minamata, a place that now attracts people from elsewhere interested in curing their minds and bodies. By connecting divided localities, the local people’s movement reconstructed the fudo in Minamata that was once destroyed.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"93 1","pages":"32-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83339467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Building in Naha Shintoshin, Okinawa From the View of Gender Studies","authors":"Kageyama Honami","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.89.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.89.26","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between the nuclear family and the housing environment from a perspective of residential space in Okinawa, Japan, focusing on the processes of community building in Naha Shintoshin. This is an analysis of a redevelopment project in the former residential district of the U.S. Armed Forces Base. The district was returned to Okinawa Prefecture, Japan in 1987. Naha City and landowners have been jointly participating in the community building since the 1989 official redevelopment plan’s approval. The research presented here partially supports the idea that residential space can reinforce gender inequalities. However, in this paper I argue that residential space can be an arena for the changing of gender relations. By describing how landowners take part in that development and how residents participate in community building in this area, I argue that many movements for community building tend to have an influence on power relations within the private residence and play an important role in deciding the basis of the ordering of daily life. In Okinawa there has been a custom of strict male familial succession, totome, in the patriarchal system. It is said that this custom has affected community building processes traditionally. But this reproduction space in the form of the community building may be an alternative space for active women to potentially change their power relations with men since the community building movements take place outside of the patriarchal system.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"44 1","pages":"26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83889480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural and social environments in a large old-growth Japanese horse-chestnut forest in Shiga Prefecture, Central Japan","authors":"Koki Teshirogi, Yuichiro Fujioka, Yoshihiko Iida","doi":"10.4157/GRJ.88.431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GRJ.88.431","url":null,"abstract":"large old-growth Japanese horse-chestnut trees growing in the Kutsuki region, Shiga prefecture, central Japan, with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 m. Large old-growth trees are ecologically important as keystone structures in forests as they provide valuable habitats for many animal and plant species. In recent years, however, large old-growth trees have rapidly declined in many places around the world. In this study, we examined the characteristics of the growth environments of large old-growth Japanese horse-chestnut trees and analyzed the natural and social factors related to the establishment of these trees in a catchment area in the Kutsuki region. In our field survey, 230 Japanese horse-chestnut individuals including young trees were identified in the riparian zone, and 47 (20%) were large old-growth trees. These old-growth trees were mostly located in the upper parts of the catchment area and partly on the knick line of the side slope and upper part of the head hollow zone compared with the location of the small- and medium-sized individuals with DBH <1 m. Additionally, we found that most of them were distributed along belts 15‒20 m in height above the riverbed and that the smaller individuals tended to grow in the lower zone. These results show that the large old-growth trees were probably established under more stable geomorphological conditions with fewer topographical disturbances. Additionally, intensive use of the deciduous broad-leaved forest in the Kutsuki region has occurred throughout history, such as periodic gathering of wood for firewood and charcoal production, and branches for fertilizer for rice cultivation. However, Japanese horse-chestnut trees are unsuitable for these purposes. It was also strictly prohibited to cut them under the customary law of the local government during the Edo period. Local inhabitants also collected the nuts to mix into rice cakes for consumption. Considering the social aspects, the large old-growth Japanese horse-chestnut trees have been maintained in the region under satoyama (traditional border zone between mountainous and arable land) conditions and by the selective conservation policies of the local government and local inhabitants. We conclude that the large old-growth Japanese horse-chestnut forest was established under a combination of relatively stable geomorphological conditions in the catchment area, selective conservation, and periodical disturbances by other tree species transplanted by local inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"11 1","pages":"431-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84303982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}