International Journal of Regulation and Governance最新文献

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The political economy of loose regulation: modernity meets tradition in Hong Kong 宽松管制的政治经济学:香港的现代与传统相遇
International Journal of Regulation and Governance Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/IJR-120066
M. Mushkat, R. Mushkat
{"title":"The political economy of loose regulation: modernity meets tradition in Hong Kong","authors":"M. Mushkat, R. Mushkat","doi":"10.3233/IJR-120066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/IJR-120066","url":null,"abstract":"Hong Kong is a fascinating social place, where one can observe the interplay between powerful forces of modernization and deeply entrenched pre-industrial consumption patterns. For decades, the former did not encroach on the autonomy of grassroots-style forms of health care, but the enactment of the Chinese Medicine Ordinance in 1999 has brought the latter under the grip of the state, albeit in a weak sense of the term. This particular episode may offer insights into the dynamics of the two-way adjustment that takes place when divergent paths of mainstream and traditional sectors inevitably cross, prompting regulatory and developmental responses.","PeriodicalId":406236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regulation and Governance","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121311783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innovation in the Swiss mail sector: deregulation versus liberalization 瑞士邮政业的创新:放松管制与自由化
International Journal of Regulation and Governance Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/IJR-120067
C. Jaag
{"title":"Innovation in the Swiss mail sector: deregulation versus liberalization","authors":"C. Jaag","doi":"10.3233/IJR-120067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/IJR-120067","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss an incumbent postal operator’s incentives to invest in an innovation in the face of upcoming liberalization and deregulation of the letter market. Our contribution is a short description of recent innovations in the Swiss mail market and their interpretation in light of an illuminative yet tractable model. Following the literature, we distinguish between product and process innovation. We characterize competitive pressure by a reduction in the incumbent’s market share and an increase of his/her perceived price elasticity of demand due to consumers’ switching to competitors. This may result in adverse incentives to invest in an innovation. Likewise, deregulation leads to increased entrepreneurial freedom on the operator’s side and possibly a lower burden of USO (universal service obligations), reflected in lower cost. This sustains incentives to invest in both product and process innovation.","PeriodicalId":406236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regulation and Governance","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126080694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Rural electricity tariffs: Case of India 农村电价:以印度为例
International Journal of Regulation and Governance Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/IJR-120047
S. Bhattacharyya
{"title":"Rural electricity tariffs: Case of India","authors":"S. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.3233/IJR-120047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/IJR-120047","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the nature of rural electricity tariffs existing in India and finds that in most cases, there is no special treatment of the rural consumers for tariff purposes, except for agricultural use. There is need for distinct rural electricity tariffs to reflect the costs of supply and to account for targeted subsidies for the rural areas. The factors to be considered for setting up distinct rural electricity tariffs are discussed. These include issues related to subsidy and financial viability of rural electricity supply and the constraints for setting distinct rural tariffs in the Indian context. Separate electricity tariffs for the rural areas could be justified on the basis of cost and quality of supply, better accounting of financial resources, and other social parameters. However, information constraints, political acceptability, and regulatory management of such spatial tariffs may be difficult. There is need for a holistic treatment of the issue of rural electrification and electricity tariffs as opposed to the piecemeal approach followed so far.","PeriodicalId":406236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regulation and Governance","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126204840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Clustering Based on PSO-K-Means and QPSO 基于PSO-K-Means和QPSO的聚类
International Journal of Regulation and Governance Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/J.2249-3212.2.1.005
A. Venkatesan, L. Parthiban
{"title":"Clustering Based on PSO-K-Means and QPSO","authors":"A. Venkatesan, L. Parthiban","doi":"10.5958/J.2249-3212.2.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.2249-3212.2.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"Cluster analysis is typically the first step in data mining and knowledge discovery. The purpose of data clustering is to reveal the data patterns and gain some initial insights regarding data distribution. This paper focuses on exploring the applicability of PSO-K-Means and QPSO on Iris, Wine, Breast Cancer and Yeast datasets from UCI repository. PSO-K-Means is robust to outliers, benefits from both local and global view on data and overcomes the drawbacks of basic K-Means. The experimental results of this paper show that PSOK-Means improves the performance of basic K-Means in terms of accuracy and computational time. The inter cluster and intra cluster distances using QPSO are found to be better compared to other standards like PSO and guarantees global convergence. The effectiveness of QPSO and PSO-K-Means are observed over PSO and K-Means for three different datasets and encouraging results are obtained.","PeriodicalId":406236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regulation and Governance","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116338388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Independent regulation of infrastructure services in India: a review 印度基础设施服务的独立监管:综述
International Journal of Regulation and Governance Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/IJR-120015
Gaurav Bhatiani
{"title":"Independent regulation of infrastructure services in India: a review","authors":"Gaurav Bhatiani","doi":"10.3233/IJR-120015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/IJR-120015","url":null,"abstract":"Economic liberalization policies in India, since 1991, have recognized market as an institution to achieve efficient resource allocation and appropriate pricing structures. The need for distancing the government from investment and consumption decisions has also been felt in infrastructure sectors. Demand–supply mismatch, natural monopoly segments, and social considerations in these sectors have, however, necessitated the need for regulatory institutions within a deregulated environment. Independent regulation was conceived as a second-best option capable of delivering results, which the market would have otherwise produced. This paper reviews macro trends in the performance of regulatory institutions in electricity and telecommunications sectors in India and evaluates the direction and pace of their work. It is felt that a perceptible change in several areas such as transparency and participatory approach in decision-making, availability of hitherto unavailable information, etc. has been brought about through functioning of these institutions. The contours of regulatory landscape are, however, in formative stages and much remains to be done. The paper discusses steps and mechanisms for further strengthening the regulatory institutions and processes. It is also opportune to initiate the process of benchmarking relative performance for evolving best practices and as a mechanism for applying corrective pressure on those lagging behind.","PeriodicalId":406236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regulation and Governance","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115708501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Wind energy sector in India: a cost–benefit analysis of incentive policies 印度风能部门:激励政策的成本效益分析
International Journal of Regulation and Governance Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/IJR-120062
Pushkala Lakshmi Ratan
{"title":"Wind energy sector in India: a cost–benefit analysis of incentive policies","authors":"Pushkala Lakshmi Ratan","doi":"10.3233/IJR-120062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/IJR-120062","url":null,"abstract":"While framing policies for the wind energy sector, it is important to incorporate concerns of the stakeholders. This especially holds true for the wind energy sector in India, which is driven by private participation, representing 99% of the wind investment. Policies that reduce the cost of generation are generally viewed as more suitable than others. This paper analyses various types of policies that could be used in the wind energy sector to boost the confidence of the investor and help the sector regain the growth it experienced at the end of 1996. Policies are viewed in terms of lower cost of generation, which is beneficial for the investor, as well as cost-benefit ratios that indicate the viability of a particular policy for the government. Studies assessing the perspectives of the investor are limited, and it is hoped that this analysis will add value to the existing literature.","PeriodicalId":406236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regulation and Governance","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114606472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
State of competition in Indian power sector: an exploratory analysis 印度电力行业竞争状况:探索性分析
International Journal of Regulation and Governance Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/IJR-120101
Gopal K. Sarangi
{"title":"State of competition in Indian power sector: an exploratory analysis","authors":"Gopal K. Sarangi","doi":"10.3233/IJR-120101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/IJR-120101","url":null,"abstract":"Competition in the electricity industry in India is primarily intended to enhance operational efficiency. With the enactment of Electricity Act 2003, competition got a new nomenclature and thrust. The paper conducts an exploratory analysis of the state of competition in the Indian power sector in the context of reform and restructuring. Evolving trends and patterns of competitive mechanisms are discussed and analysed. The analysis reveals that competition, as it evolved over the last decade or so, reflects a growing trend of an efficient, liquid, and complete market. The paper also identifies certain key anomalies and distortions inhibiting the seamless growth of competition. More action is required on certain directions, such as enhancing the liquidity of the market, addressing transmission congestion and open access problems, controlling market power, strengthening the role of regulators, and importantly, addressing political economy concerns. It concludes that in order to carry forward the momentum, a cautious approach needs to be adopted and necessary ancillary measures are to be undertaken.","PeriodicalId":406236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regulation and Governance","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114843626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electricity reform in Europe: towards a single energy market 欧洲电力改革:迈向单一能源市场
International Journal of Regulation and Governance Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/IJR-120094
B. Chaudhuri
{"title":"Electricity reform in Europe: towards a single energy market","authors":"B. Chaudhuri","doi":"10.3233/IJR-120094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/IJR-120094","url":null,"abstract":"This important volume of essays is the outcome of a European project titled ‘Sustainable Energy Specifi c Support Assessment (SESSA)’ that aims to create a well-functioning internal electricity market in the European Union (EU). In the foreword, Paul Joskow states, “I believe that the ultimate goal of electricity liberalization initiatives should be to create new governance arrangements for the electricity sector that yield longterm benefi ts to society, by increasing the effi ciency with which electricity is produced and consumed, in ways that are consistent with environmental goals and policies. These benefi ts are to be realized by relying on competitive wholesale markets for power to provide better incentives for controlling construction and operating costs of new and existing generating capacity, to encourage innovation in power supply technologies, and to shift the risks of technology choice, construction cost, and operating ‘mistakes’ to suppliers, and away from the consumers.” Also, effective liberalization programmes will still leave a signifi cant portion of the total costs of electric supply – distribution and transmission – subject to regulation. Accordingly, reforming traditional regulatory arrangements governing the distribution and transmission networks has, generally, been viewed as an important complement to the introduction of wholesale and retail competition to supply consumer needs. The above two statements set out the overall agenda of the book with great clarity. Joskow also presents the main elements of restructuring the ‘grammar’ of policy. Among these, vertical separation of competitive segments such as generation, marketing, and retail supply from regulated segments such as distribution, IJRG IJRG June 2010 Book review","PeriodicalId":406236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regulation and Governance","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130715758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
The Future of Adaptation Finance: methods and perspectives 适应融资的未来:方法和观点
International Journal of Regulation and Governance Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/IJR-120108
A. Bose, J. Wolf, Seema Sharma
{"title":"The Future of Adaptation Finance: methods and perspectives","authors":"A. Bose, J. Wolf, Seema Sharma","doi":"10.3233/IJR-120108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/IJR-120108","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change poses myriad uncertain risks to localities all over the world. The current discourse on risk analysis acknowledges the need for mechanisms to reduce those risks and adapt to changes that may arise. To create efficient strategies for adaptation, adequate mechanisms for finance are needed. It is often assumed that the majority of adaptation finance will come from public funds to support projects that attempt to build adaptive capacity. This paper suggests that while public finance is important, it may not be the most efficient method to manage uncertainties and adapt to climate change. Here we propose a method to finance adaptation via the creation of real options. Real options require a mechanism for valuation and a framework for implementation. We argue that investment grade finance is the best way to realize that framework. This paper elucidates the concept of Resilience Centres as a plausible means to provide the services necessary to implement that framework. We illustrate this framework via the theory of financial gradients. Resilience Centres act as a means for Indeterminate Change Risk Reduction (ICRR), thereby making communities more aware of, and better prepared to execute, best practices in the face of uncertain risks. This paper incorporates an Indian case study to illustrate how this approach to adaptation finance fits into a national context.","PeriodicalId":406236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regulation and Governance","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129595474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Water rights in Norway: a time for change? 挪威的水权:是时候改变了?
International Journal of Regulation and Governance Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/IJR-120034
Kjell J. Sunnevåg, G. Rusten
{"title":"Water rights in Norway: a time for change?","authors":"Kjell J. Sunnevåg, G. Rusten","doi":"10.3233/IJR-120034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/IJR-120034","url":null,"abstract":"The Norwegian concessionary policy for managing water resources has recently been put under pressure. The immediate background is a lack of ownership neutrality: public companies obtain a concession with no time limit, whereas private companies are granted concessions with a time limit and a required reversion of ownership to the state after the concessionary period. This reversion is called the 'hjemfall'. A hundred years ago, such a concessionary regime was deemed necessary to gain public control of an important natural resource. In this paper, we will place the Norwegian practice in a historical context and argue that 'hjemfall' represents an institu-tionalization of the old Roman law, which states that running water belongs to the public. We will also discuss the Norwegian government's options to respond to the increasing pressure against the current concessionary regime by the regulatory, institutional, and technological development that we have witnessed since the laws were passed almost a hundred years ago. Finally, we will discuss some of the challenges that a reform of the concessionary regime represents with respect to investment incentives and windfall gains and losses.","PeriodicalId":406236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Regulation and Governance","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125872271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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