Polymer最新文献

{"title":"Nanomechanical Mapping of Green and Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex Film by AFM PeakForce QNM: Impact of Proteins and Lipids Contents on Film Quality","authors":"Narueporn Payungwong, Haonan Liu, Jinrong Wu, Ken Nakajima, Chee Cheong Ho, Jitladda Sakdapipanich","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127944","url":null,"abstract":"Soft polymeric films from natural rubber (NR) latex are crucial for applications requiring exceptional mechanical properties, such as medical gloves. It is known that pre-vulcanization, film formation, and post-vulcanization are three important steps in the manufacturing process of thin latex films that control the quality of the final film products This study investigates the pivotal role of pre-vulcanization in latex film formation, with a specific emphasis on the inhibitory effects of proteins and lipids on particle coalescence during the film formation process. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanics (QNM) mode, we provide experimental evidence that residual non-rubber components (NRCs), particularly proteins and lipids, form a stabilizing layer around latex particles that impedes rubber chain diffusion and particle coalescence. These effects contribute to surface roughness in unvulcanized latex films and hinder the formation of a smooth, uniform film. Pre-vulcanization facilitates network formation within latex particles, improving chain mobility and enabling smoother film formation. Nanomechanical mapping reveals that reducing NRC content enhances film uniformity and mechanical strength by promoting rubber chain diffusion and cross-linking. These findings underscore the critical balance between NRC levels and pre-vulcanization in optimizing latex-dipped product quality, offering new insights into the nanomechanical properties governing latex film formation and performance.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowing How to Make Molecular Glasses as Low Dielectric Materials at High Frequency","authors":"Xi-ao Yan, Gang Huang, Qitao Tan, Jing Sun, Qiang Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127933","url":null,"abstract":"Two functional monomers containing thermo-crosslinkable benzocyclobutene and allyl groups and a bisphenol unit as a linker have been successfully synthesized. Powder X-ray diffraction indicates the monomers keep a complete amorphous state. DSC traces exhibit that the monomers have no melting point while display glass transition. Casting the solutions of the monomers in toluene into the surface of glass sheets forms smooth films. These data imply these monomers are molecular glasses due to their typical glass-forming behavior. Thermally cross-linked products based on the monomers exhibit good dielectric properties and low water uptake. Among these cross-linked monomers, the fluoro-containing resin displays better properties with a dielectric constant (<em>D</em>_k) of 2.74 and a dielectric loss (<em>D</em>_f) of 1.89×10^-3 at a frequency of 10 GHz, as well as exhibits a water uptake of 0.34 %. A control test indicates that the chemical structure of the bisphenol linker plays a crucial role for the formation of molecular glasses. When the linker is a rigid rod unit such as biphenyl group, the molecule does not exhibit molecular glass characteristics.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Hydrolytic Resistance of (Meth)acrylamide-based Monomers for Dental Resin Adhesive","authors":"Prompat Promphet, Supattra Kaewtaro, Supitcha Talungchit, Somjin Ratanasathien, Piangkwan Saiprasert, Nattawut Decha, Chittreeya Tansakul","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127943","url":null,"abstract":"Dental resin adhesive is a mixture of monomers used as an adhesive in resin-based composite tooth restoration. Methacrylate monomers used in these adhesives are susceptible to hydrolysis by bacterial enzymes, leading to limitation of their lifespan. To overcome this issue, in this research series of quaternary ammonium-containing methacrylamides, <strong>MDAB</strong> (<strong>m</strong>ethacrylamidoethyl <strong>d</strong>imethyl <strong>a</strong>mmonium <strong>b</strong>romide) and <strong>MDAF</strong> (<strong>m</strong>ethacrylamidoethyl <strong>d</strong>imethyl <strong>a</strong>mmonium <strong>f</strong>luoride), acrylamides, <strong>ADAB</strong> (<strong>a</strong>crylamidoethyl <strong>d</strong>imethyl <strong>a</strong>mmonium <strong>b</strong>romide) and bismethacrylamides, <strong>bis-MMAI</strong> (<strong>bis</strong>(2-<strong>m</strong>ethacrylamidoethyl)<strong>m</strong>ethyl <strong>a</strong>mmonium <strong>i</strong>odide) were synthesized. These new monomers exhibited antibacterial properties against common bacteria found in tooth cavities, which are <em>S. mutans</em> and <em>E. faecalis</em>. Extra methyl moiety on polymerizable group and long alkyl chain length increased antibacterial properties as well as cytotoxicity against MDPC.23 mouse dental papilla cell lines. Acrylamides, <strong>ADAB</strong> showed the least cytotoxicity with higher MBC values than the commonly used methacrylate monomer, bis-GMA and the only antibacterial methacrylate-based monomer currently used in commercial resin adhesives, <strong>MDPB</strong> (<strong>m</strong>ethacryloyl<strong>d</strong>odecyl<strong>p</strong>yridinium <strong>b</strong>romide). Steric hindrance and lipophilicity of bismethacrylamides in <strong>bis-MMAI</strong> series reduced antibacterial activities and also significantly enhanced cytotoxicity of the monomers. Moreover, bromide and fluoride counter ions in <strong>MDAB</strong> and <strong>MDAF</strong>, respectively, did not cause any difference in antibacterial effects. Additionally, all synthesized (meth)acrylamide monomers demonstrated greater stability against hydrolysis under acidic conditions compared to the methacrylate <strong>MDPB</strong>. Degree of conversions of synthesized monomers were lower than that of <strong>MDPB</strong> at the beginning of polymerization due to the higher viscosity, but were comparable at the latter stage. Methyl group on methacrylamides in <strong>MDAB</strong> and the highest viscosity of bismethacrylamides, <strong>bis-MMAI</strong> reduced degree of conversions of the monomers. <strong>TADAB</strong> (<strong>t</strong>etradecyl<strong>a</strong>crylamidoethyl <strong>d</strong>imethyl <strong>a</strong>mmonium <strong>b</strong>romide) incorporated in resin adhesive reduced water solubility of the cured resin under acidic condition.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving towards sustainability: Assessment of vitrimer behavior and reprocessability of plant oil-based material","authors":"Marta-Ievheniia Vonsul, Renuka Dhandapani, Dean C. Webster","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127941","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of covalent bond reformation has emerged as an innovative technology that aligns with green chemistry principles offering materials that can be recycled. These materials are referred to as Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs). Having the valuable properties of crosslinked thermosets, these materials can be also reprocessed and reshaped as conventional thermoplastics. These unique abilities are imparted by the presence of crosslinks that become dynamic and undergo exchange by either associative or dissociative mechanisms under certain stimuli. In this work, we prepared a plant-oil based covalent-adaptable network from functionalized cottonseed oil, namely acrylated-epoxidized cottonseed oil (AECO). The AECO resin was synthesized and then photopolymerized with difunctional reactive diluent: 1,6-hexandiol diacrylate (HDDA) in the presence of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone photoinitiator. The bond exchange in the AECO-based system was provided through dynamic transesterification, namely by incorporation of triazobicyclodecene catalyst in the UV-curable formulation. The presence of this catalyst enabled the transesterification reaction between ester and hydroxy groups, present in AECO, therefore, imparting the vitrimer properties. The activation energy of dynamic transesterification was determined to be 44.38 kJ/mol^-1. The thermomechanical properties of the AECO vitrimer were evaluated and its ability to reprocess was shown. By incorporating dynamic bonds into an AECO-based network, we demonstrated the potential of biobased coatings to be reprocessable, thereby minimizing waste and resource consumption. The study paves the way for the development of reprocessable coatings and sets the goals for further innovations in coatings technology, particularly in terms of sustainability.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved electro-actuation of polydimethylsiloxane-based composite dielectric elastomer via constructing semi-interlocked dual-network","authors":"Liming Jin, Chuying Zhang, Haotong Guo, Huiqin Wang, Jinbo Bai, Hang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127937","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric elastomer (DE) has a pivotal potential in various applications as a typical electro-active polymer. However, traditional DE materials often require high electric fields to achieve an excellent electro-actuated performance, which severely restricts their practical applicability. In this study, vinyl methyl silicone (VMQ) macromolecular chains are introduced as the highly-viscous plasticizer to reduce the elastic modulus of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based DE composites. The bisilane-modified TiO₂ nanoparticles (mTO) that grafted by thiols and octadecane are incorporated to increase the dielectric constant of DE composites. The synergistic effects contributed by these components give rise to a notable improvement in the electro-actuated performance of DE composites. Moreover, the thiol-ene click chemical reaction between the functional groups on mTO and VMQ makes the formation of a semi-interlocked cross-linked network structure within the PDMS-based elastomers. This network effectively mitigates the issue of plasticizer leaching during the long-term utilization of DE composites. The PDMS-based composite comprising 10 wt% mTO and 20 wt% VMQ achieves a remarkable electro-actuated strain of 72.5% at 65.4 V/μm, representing a 539% increase compared to pure PDMS (∼18.6%). This study provides an effective strategy for developing advanced DE composites with high electro-actuated properties at low electric fields.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and Challenges of Artificial Cells in Life: A review","authors":"Pei Zhou, Yong Cao, Hui Liu, Li Wang, Shuchun Yu, Mohammad Hegazy, Shuang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127940","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial cells have attracted extensive attention as substitutes for natural cells, which have many different forms, such as liposomes, polymersomes, dendrimerosomes, colloidosomes, and proteinosomes. In general, they have a complete structure, so that they can exhibit some key characteristics and simulate specific functions of living cells, such as stress behaviors generated by external pH, temperature, reducing agents, light, and other signals, thereby mimicking the behavior of the original cell. These artificial cells have many applications and may help to understand the origin of life. Despite the increasing complexity of the design and synthesis of artificial cells in recent years, the chemical communication of primary cells in response to external stimuli remains a key challenge in bottom-up synthetic biology and bioengineering. Recent advances in the synthesis of simple cells and simulation of proto-cellular behavior suggest that the construction and simulation of living organisms is a realistic goal. This paper presents a review of recent research progress in the construction of five main artificial cell models and their applications in the life sciences, and highlights the current problems, limitations, challenges, and opportunities in this field.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust, notch-insensitive and impact-resistance physical hydrogels with homogeneous topologic network enabled by partial hydrolysis and metal coordination","authors":"Yu Shi, Zhaoyang Yuan, Zhenxing Cao, Qiongjun Xu, Haitao Wu, Jing Zheng, Jinrong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127913","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylamide-based hydrogels usually have a random distribution of characteristic functional groups on the molecular chain due to differences in monomer reactivity ratios, resulting in an inhomogeneous polymer network. This inhomogeneity leads to severely inadequate mechanical properties, limiting their application in load-bearing fields. This study delineates a novel approach to synthesize homogeneous hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, heightened energy dissipation capacity, and superior impact resistance, termed partially hydrolyzed polymer hydrogels (HP hydrogel). The methodology involves the partial hydrolysis of polyacrylamide in an alkaline environment to convert amide groups into carboxylate groups, followed by the introduction of Fe³⁺ ions to establish a ligand network through coordination bonding. This partial hydrolysis technique significantly augments the homogeneity of the coordination network. The carboxylate-Fe³⁺ coordination bonds introduce an efficient energy dissipation mechanism, which is pivotal in enhancing the mechanical robustness of the hydrogels. Comparative analysis reveals that HP hydrogels exhibit mechanical properties substantially superior to those of conventional poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) copolymer hydrogels (CP hydrogel). Notably, the tensile strength of HP hydrogels is quadruple that of CP hydrogels, reaching up to 7.0 MPa, while maintaining the same carboxylic acid content. Furthermore, HP hydrogels demonstrate remarkable tear and impact resistance, evidenced by a fracture energy of 7.5 kJ/m² in notched specimens and an 85.7% enhancement in impact resilience. The strategic partial hydrolysis not only improves the homogeneity of the gel structure but also instills a robust energy dissipation mechanism, thereby significantly fortifying the comprehensive mechanical properties of the hydrogels. This advancement potentially broadens the applicability of acrylamide hydrogels in load-bearing and other mechanically demanding environments.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of Complex Coacervate Core Micelles: AB + C system","authors":"Sang-Jun Park, You-young Byun, Eunji Lee, Tae-Young Heo, Soo-Hyung Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127902","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of charged block length on the complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) formed by mixing a diblock polyelectrolyte and an oppositely charged homopolyelectrolyte (<em>i.e.</em>, AB+C system) is investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Our findings reveal that increasing the charged length of the diblock polyelectrolyte leads to an augmentation in overall micelle dimensions, core radii, and critical salt concentration (CSC), whereas the charged length of the homopolyelectrolyte has minimal impact on these parameters. This difference is attributed to the relatively unconstrained spatial distribution of the homopolyelectrolyte within the coacervate core. We observed that AB+C C3Ms exhibit a highly swollen core and less crowded corona, consistent with the crew-cut regime of the proposed scaling relationship. Compared to AB+AC C3Ms, AB+C C3Ms show lower coronal chain density, which is potentially attributed to the reduced aggregation number of diblock polyelectrolytes.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Fluorinated phenanthrenequinoxaline-based D-A type copolymers for non-fullerene polymer solar cells” [Polymer 250 (2022) 124867]","authors":"Ming Liu, Zhi Zheng, Xingjian Jiang, Fengyun Guo, Genene Tessema Mola, Shiyong Gao, Liancheng Zhao, Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127923","url":null,"abstract":"The authors regret that the funding number for the <span>National Key Research and Development Program</span> in this article was input in error. The correct version should be “This work was supported by the <span>National Key Research and Development Program</span> of China (Grant No. <span><span>2021YFE0105800</span></span>).”","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Norbornene functionalized with fatty acids: Observing the effect of pendant chains on copolymers obtained by metathesis polymerization","authors":"Kelly A.E. Amorim, Virgínia C.A. Martins, Benedito S. Lima-Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127942","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, fatty acid chains were used to develop functionalized monomers with the aim of reducing dependence on petroleum sources by utilizing plant-based molecules. Pendant groups can influence the physical, physicochemical, and even chemical properties of the polymeric material relative to the non-functionalized counterpart. Thus, norbornene was functionalized with different fatty acids to produce polynorbornene with pendant chains, using acids with varying olefinic unsaturations, as they can be either straight or curved. Bio-substituted fatty-NBEnyl monomers were then obtained from reactions between the carboxylic-norbornene monomer (NBEnyl) and the respective alcohols of stearic (S; C18:0 olefin), oleic (O; C18:1 olefin), or linoleic (L; C18:2 olefin) fatty acids. Individual fatty-NBEnyl monomers and their mixtures in varying amounts were then copolymerized with norbornene (NBE; 80 or 50 wt% as the balance) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), resulting in polymeric materials with pendant fatty chains. All functionalized monomers and copolymers were fully characterized by FTIR and NMR (^{<strong>1</strong>}<strong>H</strong>; ^{<strong>1</strong>}<strong>³C</strong>). Micrographs and rheological behavior of the copolymers differed from that of poly(NBE). While poly(NBE) is porous, the copolymers exhibited smoother surfaces. The copolymers also showed increased linear viscoelastic regions. The effect of bio-substituents on the copolymer properties is discussed.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}