Journal of the Society of Rubber Industry,Japan最新文献

{"title":"Application of Semi-conductive Rubber for Electrophotographic System","authors":"Akira Shimada","doi":"10.2324/GOMU.76.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2324/GOMU.76.141","url":null,"abstract":"Many kinds of rubber parts such as fusing roller, media handling roller, and cleaning blade apply to commercial electrophotographic copiers and printers. Recently, charging roller, developing roller, and toner transfer roller or belt composed of rubber materials have progressed remarkably. The cause of this progress is that electric resistance of rubber materials can be precisely controlled in semi-conductive region such. as 106-1012Ωcm. Charging roller is used for providing charge to a photoconductor. The photoconductor is charged by micro space charging, i.e. directly contacting the DC or DC plus AC voltage applied semi-conductive rubber roller on the photoconductor. In a developing process using a non-magnetic one-component developer, charged toner particles are transferred from the developing rubber roller to the photoconductor by the latent image potential. In a transfer process, toner image created by a developing process is transferred to a recording paper by the transfer electric field generated between the voltage applied transfer roller and the photoconductor or the intermediate transfer drum/belt. This report focuses on applications of semi-conductive rubber for electrophotographic system, and explains the electrical and mechanical properties of semi-conductive rubbers in demand and the conditions for using in electrophotographic processes.","PeriodicalId":405949,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Rubber Industry,Japan","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130355575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer Modification Technology by the Reactive Mixing Using Banbury Mixer","authors":"Nakamura Norihiko, H. Shirai, Hirofumi Hayashi","doi":"10.2324/GOMU.82.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2324/GOMU.82.339","url":null,"abstract":"The polymer modification by the reactive mixing using Banbury mixer was examined under various conditions. It became clear that it was necessary to add ZnO and sulfur for the reaction of Si75: [bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide; TESPD] with the polymer without affecting the processability. The modified polymer thus obtained showed small signal at 3.8 ppm which is attributable to TESPD moiety in 1H-NMR analysis. The improvement of Payne effect and decrease of tanδ were observed by using the modified polymer. This technology is expected to be effective to reduce the rolling resistance of tire.","PeriodicalId":405949,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Rubber Industry,Japan","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114977101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture Reveals Real Structure and Characters of Rubber: Part 4: Viscosity to Characterize the Friction and Wear of Cross-linked Rubber","authors":"Y. Fukahori","doi":"10.2324/gomu.88.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.88.86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405949,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Rubber Industry,Japan","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115102788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrial Synthetic Method of the Rubbers: 11.Living Radical (Carbocationic) Block-copolymer@@@第11回 リビングラジカル（カチオン）ブロックコポリマー","authors":"K. Yoshihashi","doi":"10.2324/GOMU.89.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2324/GOMU.89.129","url":null,"abstract":"New thermoplastic elastomers are produced by living radical polymerization and living carbocationic polymerization. SIBS is produced by living carbocationic block copolymerization of isobutylene monomer and styrene. SIBS has superior gas barrier, thermal stability and energy absorption capability. Styrene content, molecular weight and hardness are influence the mechanical properties of SIBS. The melt viscosity of SIBS is lower than other TPSs and SIBS is also softer without added oils than other TPSs. The product is utilized in the applications such as hot melt PSA, adhasives, dampening components etc. Thermoplastic elastomers based on acrylic block copolymer is prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization which is one of the living radical polymeization.","PeriodicalId":405949,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Rubber Industry,Japan","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115128138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the Chemical Reaction and Reinforcement Mechanism of Silica Filled Rubber during Processing","authors":"S. Mihara","doi":"10.1177/0307174X1604300602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0307174X1604300602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405949,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Rubber Industry,Japan","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115683980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primitive Chain Network Simulations for Relaxation Behaviors of Polymeric Materials","authors":"Yuichi Masubuchi","doi":"10.2324/GOMU.82.459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2324/GOMU.82.459","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction of relaxation behavior of polymeric materials from molecular architecture attracts industrial interests and scientific challenges. In this study a coarse-grained molecular model called primitive chain network model is developed. The model is capable for quantitative prediction of linear and non-linear viscoelasticity of entangled polymers. Also it is indicated that the simulation for cross-linked network is fair, though quantitative test is demanded.","PeriodicalId":405949,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Rubber Industry,Japan","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123061431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on a New Testing Method by Dynamic Viscoelastic Properties for the Rubber Processing Analysis","authors":"M. Manaka, Jiro Kogusuri","doi":"10.2324/GOMU.85.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2324/GOMU.85.3","url":null,"abstract":"It is considered that, in the mixing process of carbon black filled rubber systems, the degree of polymer-carbon black interactions and the degree of carbon black dispersion in polymer proceed at the same time. If these structural changes are evaluated respectively, it is considered possible to quantify the kneading state of the rubber compound more precisely. Attention is paid here to the dynamic viscoelastic properties with the rubber compound.It was found that an apparent activation energy (Ea) calculated from the temperature dependence of dynamic viscosity modulus is an effective index for measuring the degree of polymer-carbon black interaction. And carbon black dispersion was quantified by dynamic elasticity modulus change ratio (Gr) at dynamic elastic modulus (19.98%) versus that (0.98%), taking notice of Payne effect. These indices can be calculated simply and easily from dynamic viscoelastic property measurements. This testing method can be applied to estimate the kneading state of the rubber compound.","PeriodicalId":405949,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Rubber Industry,Japan","volume":"406 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116688384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Flame Retardancy for Polymer Materials","authors":"Mikiya Ito","doi":"10.2324/GOMU.83.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2324/GOMU.83.6","url":null,"abstract":"高分子材料にはゴム,プラスチックをはじめ接着剤,塗 料,繊維,木材,紙など多種多様なものがあり,これらは 製品ごとに多くの配合・構成を有している.また,これら 材料の多くは石油を原料としており,一般的に「燃えるも の」と認識される材料である.しかし,容易に燃焼する素 材では安全性に問題を有し,現在のような広範な用途へ適 用されることはなかった.用途拡大の基礎技術として, 様々な形で難燃性向上の研究がなされ,実際の使用環境に 適応してきたことが挙げられる.しかし,鉄道では平成 15年2月18日に韓国大邱 テ グ 市の中央路駅にて地下鉄放火事 件が発生した.この放火事件では推定4リットルのガソリ ンが散布され,死者196名という大惨事となった.被害 拡大の背景には,列車運転士の判断ミス等が重なったこと も挙げられるが,韓国における鉄道車両材料の難燃性が相 対的に低く,発生した火災が隣接する車両へ延焼したこと が材料面での大きな要因と考えられた.一方,日本国内に おける鉄道車両材料の難燃性基準はタバコの火などの小火 源を想定したものであり,それで効果を発揮してきた経緯 がある.しかし,韓国での放火事件を受けて,大火源火災 を考慮した燃焼試験による性能評価の必要性が高まってい る.本稿では,大火源火災を考慮した高分子材料の燃焼特 性の評価技術とこれら試験の鉄道車両材料への適用例に加 え,日本国内の燃焼試験方法を定めた省令の改正および今 後の課題について概説する.","PeriodicalId":405949,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Rubber Industry,Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116902231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in Network Structures of Filled Rubbers in Mixing and Kneading Processes: —Discussion from the Viewpoint of Three Network Model—@@@－3網目モデルからの考察－","authors":"Yoshinobu Isono","doi":"10.2324/GOMU.89.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2324/GOMU.89.91","url":null,"abstract":"成形加工と言うと,よく引き合いに出されるのはプラス チックであろう.プラスチックとの対比でゴムを考えるこ とから始めてみよう.プラスチックもゴムも高分子物質で あり,たまたま,プラスチックはガラス転移温度が室温以 上にあり,ゴムは室温以下にあるという点が異なるだけで ある.しかし,これが決定的な差を生み出す.プラスチッ クはガラス状態あるいは結晶-ガラス混合状態で使われる ため,自己補強性があるので,簡単に言えば,高温の流動 状態で流し込んで成形し,室温付近まで冷やして,固くな ったところで取り出せばよいだけである.だから,プラス チックの成形加工シミュレーションは緩和時間を無視した 粘性体近似による流動シミュレーションでこと足りると思 われる.しかし,ゴム材料では,弾性可逆回復を持たせる ための加硫と,弾性率を高めるための補強性フィラー充塡 が欠かせない.架橋は成形後に導入すればよいので,ゴム 材料の成形加工を考える際には,先ずフィラーのことを考 えれば良いと思われる.フィラーの一次粒径は30 ~ 80 nm程度,カーボンブラックならさらに凝集して100 ~ 300 nm程度の二次粒子になっている.これを原料ゴムの 中に分散させることはかなり困難である.したがって,ゴ ムと補強性フィラーを混ぜるだけではだめで,フィラーを ゴム中に練り込む必要がある.この混練工程がゴム材料の 成形加工の第1ステップである.練り上がったフィラー充 塡ゴムは非常に高粘度で流動性が低く,加工しようと思え ば,加硫前なら押出しあるいはカレンダー操作になると思 われる. 混練後のゴムを見ると,実にシットリして黒光りしてお り,フィラーが均一分散しているように見える.しかし, 後に述べるように,非線形粘弾性と電気抵抗の同時測定 1) あるいは3D-TEM観察 によりフィラー接触網目が形成 されることが分かる.フィラー充塡ゴムは決して均一では","PeriodicalId":405949,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Rubber Industry,Japan","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117196913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-Induced Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of Rubber.: 3.Strain-Induced Crystallization under Static and Dynamic Condition","authors":"S. Toki","doi":"10.2324/GOMU.91.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2324/GOMU.91.78","url":null,"abstract":"Strain-induced crystallization(SIC)of rubber has been studied under static and dynamic condition. The static condition means that the sample is kept at a certain strain and the dynamic condition means that the sample is being stretched under certain speed. The difference of both condition should be considered. 1.Under the static condition, lowering temperature decreases stress and increases SIC crystal fraction significantly. The stress decreases linearly with temperature. The inclination of stress decrease is larger than T/T0(T: absolute temperature, T0: reference absolute temperature). The inclination of T/T0 means the decrease of micro-Brownian motion due to the decrease of temperature. Therefore, the larger inclination suggests that the network density also decreases with the lowering of temperature. The SIC crystal fraction increases linearly with lowering temperature. Therefore, the creation of SIC crystal decreases the number of amorphous chains. 2. Under the static condition, elevating temperature increases stress and decreases SIC crystal fraction. The stress increases linearly with elevating temperature. The inclination of stress increase is T/T0. It means that the micro-Brownian motion increases with elevating temperature, but the network density does not change by the decrease of SIC crystal fraction. Beyond 80 °C, the stress shows the maximum and decreases with temperature. Because the SIC crystal fraction decreases with elevating temperature linearly, the stress behavior has no direct relation with SIC. 3. Under the dynamic condition, un-vulcanized IR does not perform SIC beyond 25 °C but does perform SIC below 0 °C. Because un-vulcanized IR is polymer melt, SIC is close to FIC(flow induced crystallization)of semi-crystalline plastics. Un-vulcanized NR perform SIC from +100 °C, +75 °C to -25 °C, -50 °C. The onset strain of SIC increases with temperature. 4. Under the dynamic condition, un-vulcanized NR and vulcanized NR perform SIC at from -50 °C to +100 °C. The onset strain of SIC increases with elevating temperature(except -50 °C). The stress at large strain decreases with elevating temperature, but the decrease of stress does not seem to be simple because the inclinations of the decrease of stress from -25 °C to +25 °C and from +25 °C to +100 °C are significantly different. It seems that the stress and tensile strength do not have direct relation with SIC. 5. Network density and network structure do not change onset strain of SIC. The onset strain of SIC of un-vulcanized NR is smaller than that of vulcanized NR. Therefore, a pivot point to orient and align rubber chains into SIC seems to be not a network point but an entanglement.","PeriodicalId":405949,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society of Rubber Industry,Japan","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127168138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}