{"title":"Classification of Breast Cancer using User-Defined Weighted Ensemble Voting Scheme","authors":"Ajay Kumar, R. Sushil, A. Tiwari","doi":"10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707374","url":null,"abstract":"When weak classifiers, i.e., estimators, are not justifying the classification of breast cancer then ensemble learning is a way to improve the classification of cancer. The ensemble is basically an aggregator where all weak classifiers are merged to get a strong classifier. The ensemble is based on a majority voting scheme. A hard voting scheme is used to take a major vote of each classifier whereas a soft voting scheme takes the weights of the probability of each classifier. A custom based weights are assigned in this paper and the final classification of cancer using ensemble classifier is outperformed than each estimator. The highest accuracy from the proposed ensemble classifier is achieved up to 96.47% where the lowest estimator got 93.18 %. The AUC score of ensemble classifier achieved is 0.9948 which is one of the highest among all other estimators.","PeriodicalId":405859,"journal":{"name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127913242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Blockchain-Based Security Scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks in Smart Cities","authors":"X. Li, M. Ma, Yong Xing Yong","doi":"10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707356","url":null,"abstract":"The development of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) has brought many advantages to facilitate the deployment of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). However, without proper protection, VANETs can be vulnerable to severe cyber-attacks. This paper explores the threats to the VANETs and proposes a security scheme for VANETs with a Blockchain (VNB). Furthermore, the proposed VNB with Ethereum was developed. With a graphical user interface, experiments were conducted. For ad hoc communications, a vehicle can randomly select another vehicle, and VNB will authenticate the selected vehicle with the Blockchain and Trusted Authority (TA). Preliminary test results successfully proved that Blockchain can be the key technology to mitigate the security threats to VANETs.","PeriodicalId":405859,"journal":{"name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128689359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resource-Conscious High-Performance Models for 2D-to-3D Single-View Reconstruction","authors":"Suraj Bidnur, Dhruv Srikanth, Sanjeev Gurugopinath","doi":"10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707193","url":null,"abstract":"We propose two transfer learning-based deep neural network architectures for 2D-to-3D single-view image reconstruction, with an emphasis on low computational resources for training and high reconstruction performance. The proposed models, namely AE-Dense and 3D-SkipNet use DenseNet and ResNet architectures in the encoder, with additional skip connections. Through extensive experimental study on the 3D ShapeNets database, we show that the proposed models outperform state-of-the-art models, namely Pix2Vox and 3D-R2N2, in terms of intersection over union (IoU) metric. In particular, the AE-Dense offers the highest IoU, while the 3D-SkipNet yields a significant reduction in memory and training time, compared to Pix2Vox and 3D-R2N2.","PeriodicalId":405859,"journal":{"name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116698352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shani Verma, S. Tripathi, Anurag Singh, Muneendra Ojha, R. Saxena
{"title":"Insect Detection and Identification using YOLO Algorithms on Soybean Crop","authors":"Shani Verma, S. Tripathi, Anurag Singh, Muneendra Ojha, R. Saxena","doi":"10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707354","url":null,"abstract":"In the current time, Indian agriculture is lagging in the use of advanced technological solutions in tackling various farming-related issues such as crop health, weed problems, crop diseases, etc. We intend to bridge this gap by proposing technological solutions to automatically detect insects in Soybean crops. Soybean (Glycine max) is an edible seed from an annual legume in the pea family (Fabaceae). The soybean is the world's most economically important bean, providing vegetable protein to millions of people as well as ingredients for hundreds of chemical goods. Object detection is a computer vision task that involves the identification of object class with its location in the image. We have employed three popular object detection algorithms for insect identification on Soybean crop fields. YOLO v3, v4, and v5 have been trained to detect and demarcate the insect presence on the field. The simulation results revealed that the YOLO v5 delivers the best insect detection accuracy with mean average precision (mAP) of 99.5% followed by YOLO v4 and v3.","PeriodicalId":405859,"journal":{"name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131048900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Speaker Localization in Smartphones using Adaptive Eigenvalue Decomposition with Noise Reduction","authors":"J. M. Mendoza, Franz A. de Leon","doi":"10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707231","url":null,"abstract":"Most smartphones are dual microphone devices capable of determining the direction of arrival of an utterance from a speaker source. The widespread use of such devices helps in improving hearing aid systems without increased expenses. These types of sound source localization (SSL) systems with two sensors take advantage of time delay estimation (TDE) techniques such as cross-correlation and adaptive eigenvalue decomposition (AED). The former lacks reliability in situations with reverb, while the latter suffers from background noise. In this paper, we observed the effect of integrating a noise reduction algorithm to AED for SSL applications. Given the robustness of AED with room reverb, we expect performance improvement of TDE from noise-reduced outputs. The minimum mean-square error with decision-directed (MMSE-DD) noise estimation algorithm acts as a filter for the received signals. We proposed $text{MMSE}-text{DD}+text{AED}$ to obtain an SSL algorithm in poor environment conditions. The empirical results of the system yielded 69.87%, which is a significant improvement from previous SSL algorithms in smartphones. Furthermore, a tilt compensation solution boosted the accuracy to 79.28%, addressing the dynamic behavior of the built-in microphones of the device.","PeriodicalId":405859,"journal":{"name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131523542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Convolutional Neural Network or Vision Transformer? Benchmarking Various Machine Learning Models for Distracted Driver Detection","authors":"Hong Vin Koay, Joon Huang Chuah, C. Chow","doi":"10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707341","url":null,"abstract":"Driver distraction is the main factor of severe traffic accidents and has become an essential issue in the traffic safety field. Hence, driver inattention systems are crucial in ensuring the safety of road users. With the introduction of Vision Transformer for computer vision tasks, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation of various models for distracted driver detection. Hence, we raise the question - does vision transformers outperform convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the field of detecting driving distraction? In this work, we evaluate and perform in-depth evaluations of various state-of-the-art CNN and Vision Transformer models to detect the distracted driver. We believe this will aid future researchers in this field in benchmarking their novel models with state-of-the-art models. We select ResNet, VGGNet, DenseNet, and EfficientNet as the candidates for CNN, while ViT, Swin Transformer, DeiT, and CaiT for Vision Transformer. We perform our benchmark on the American University of Cairo Distracted Driving Dataset (AUC-DDD) which consists of ten distracted classes. It is observed that CNN should be considered first if the downstream task is specific and the available dataset is small. An in-depth discussion and analysis are included in this work.","PeriodicalId":405859,"journal":{"name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","volume":"27 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133008405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modelling the thermal effects of tumbling on CubeSats equipped with HTS coils","authors":"T. Berry, J. R. Olatunji, Chris Acheson","doi":"10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707304","url":null,"abstract":"High-temperature superconductivity (HTS) has potential to be useful for space applications, with HTS devices being capable of generating very high magnetic fields in compact devices. Use of HTS in space and integration into small satellites requires careful consideration of the solar power availability and thermal management to maintain a cryogenic environment. This paper uses a modelling approach to investigate the power and thermal implications for an HTS magnet and cryocooler inside a 3U CubeSat which is tumbling uncontrollably in a 500 km circular orbit. We show that, under the assumptions of the model, attitude control is necessary to reach and maintain a cryogenic environment for the HTS magnet. As CubeSats are power starved due to their limited surface area for solar panels, even a slight net angular velocity approximately halves the power availability for the cryocooler to counteract the significant number of radiation sources in a low-Earth orbit. As such, this paper highlights the need for attitude control to achieve HTS in space. Additionally, we investigate scenarios which could cause a satellite to tumble, and discuss the possibility of using the interaction between the HTS magnet and Earth's magnetic field to de-tumble a satellite which has lost its attitude control.","PeriodicalId":405859,"journal":{"name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133489453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparison of Electromagnetic Behaviour in Classical and Mutually Coupled Switched Reluctance Generators","authors":"M. Heidarian, Adam P. R. Taylor, Tim Anderson","doi":"10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707462","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a comparison of the electromagnetic characteristics of a classical Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) to that of a new type of SRG called the mutually coupled SRG (MCSRG). ANSYS finite element 2D models for both SRGs with the same structure and working parameters but different forms of winding were created, current and torque characteristics and core loss for both types were calculated in a complete cycle of excitation, and results are compared and presented for the first time. While the average current in the mutually coupled SRG is 13.44% (2.26 A) more than classical SRG, its ripple is 1.19% less. Furthermore, the core loss of the mutually coupled SRG in a 360 electrical degree rotation is 1.38% (0.42 W) less than classical SRG's core loss. The average input torque for mutually coupled SRG is 10.51 % (0.51 N.m) less than that of classical SRG's but its ripple is 12.48% more. The results show that the advantages of winding an SRG in a mutually coupled form outweigh its disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":405859,"journal":{"name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121182838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ambisonics and Sonic Simulation in Virtual Reality","authors":"Yulia Yagunova, M. Poletti, Paul D. Teal","doi":"10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707299","url":null,"abstract":"It can be challenging for opera singers to access their performance venues for rehearsal due to venue sched-ules or travel restrictions. Virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) technologies provide the possibility for rehearsal in a virtual venue. However, these technologies are mainly focused on visuals, rather than on the sonic plausibility of a virtual space. Moreover, existing self-auralization methods have one or more of the following limitations: a small choice of virtual venues, restricted user movement, generic rather than individualized configuration, and an expensive rehearsal space. This paper presents an Ambisonics method that addresses these limitations. The method simulates the acoustics of a chosen performance venue in real-time, by simulating oral-binaural room impulse responses (OBRIRs). This method allows changing the virtual venue and user-related data, and provides three-degrees-of-freedom (3DoF) for user head movement. The method is validated using quantitative and qualitative methods, and challenges of future real-time implementation are discussed. Despite the challenges, the method is capable of facilitating virtual rehearsal in real-time while providing for greater user flexibility.","PeriodicalId":405859,"journal":{"name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128431676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Face Embeddings in Classification of Personality Traits from Portrait Images","authors":"SREEVIDYA P, S. Veni, V. R. M. Oruganti","doi":"10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON54134.2021.9707263","url":null,"abstract":"There are research works going on to correlate image features with personality traits. This work proposes a deep learning frame work for classifying personality traits from Portrait images. We used a dataset with 30,736 images of hetero-geneous persons for the experimentation purpose. The influence of state-of-the-art face recognition networks were investigated for extracting the facial features. The classification of personality traits was done by applying Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier based on Big Five Personality model. The loss functions of the selected networks are more discriminative in nature, better than the conventional Mean Square Error (MSE) which is justified through the performance matrices. The proposed method could beat the state-of-the-art results in terms of accuracy and F1-score. We summarize that facial features from Portrait images could very well classify the personality traits, rather than relying on the psychometric tests or analysis of physiological parameters.","PeriodicalId":405859,"journal":{"name":"TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115955891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}