{"title":"On the testing of a novel photographic shutter","authors":"J. S. Anderson","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/30/4/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/30/4/302","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the methods which were adopted at the National Physical Laboratory for measuring the durations of exposure and the efficiencies of a \"Louvre\" photographic shutter, which was recently submitted for test.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"599 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1929-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123043139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflecting systems for image inversion","authors":"T. Smith","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/30/2/303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/30/2/303","url":null,"abstract":"The method of investigating systems of plane reflectors described in another paper* has been applied to determine how many optical surfaces are necessary in an inverting prism. Four surfaces involve oblique refraction into the prism whatever the number and order of the reflections. With five surfaces one form is possible with four reflections. All possible arrangements with six reflections at five surfaces are considered, and the application of the method to prisms with a greater number of reflections is illustrated.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1928-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121772490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some remarks on old english objectives","authors":"H. Boegehold","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/30/1/305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/30/1/305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1928-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121998140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The relations between field illumination and the optimum visual field for observational instruments","authors":"L. C. Martin, T. C. Richards","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/30/1/303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/30/1/303","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes some experiments based on the application of the results of recent studies on spatial induction in vision to determine the conditions governing the optimum size of visual field under certain conditions. The results have a bearing on recent efforts greatly to enlarge the fields of view of binoculars, indicating that small fields are better under certain conditions.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1928-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123799339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lenses and equipment for ultra-violet photography","authors":"J. W. Gifford","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/30/1/304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/30/1/304","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of the type of photographic doublet generally known as rapid rectilinear, in which (1) fluorite and quartz, (2) quartz and calcite are substituted for the ordinary crown and flint glasses. These doublets are therefore more or less transparent to the ultra-violet as well as to the visual spectrum. Corresponding lists of focal lengths for twenty-one wave-lengths are given, as well as the radii, thicknesses, etc., for construction. A cement transparent to the ultra-violet for use with these lenses is described, and photographs of the spectra transmitted by certain light filters are given.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1928-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125850869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the development of spectacles in London from the end of the seventeenth century","authors":"Thomas H. Court, M. V. Rohr","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/30/1/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/30/1/302","url":null,"abstract":"We are able to extend our knowledge of the development of spectacles by consulting modern collections, the Court Collection especially. English spectacles before 1666 are very imperfectly known: we can only make inferences about them. After the great fire our knowledge becomes more intimate and we note that horn spectacles with rigid and with split frames are advertised and that unwieldy leather frames (of unknown shape) appear for a short time, together with the then popular hinged spectacles. Marshall's improvement in grinding and polishing a number of surfaces at the same time must also be mentioned here. In the 18th century the London artisans became the leading spectacle opticians, as they developed the temple spectacles and very efficient nose spectacles in horn and steel or (? preferably) in prepared leather and steel. The authors have tried to collect as much information as possible about these forms and to give their ideas about the outward appearance of the spectacles then in use. Minor inventions also are mentioned and Walker's untenable objections to Wollaston's periscopic spectacles treated. The 19th century was not a favourable period for the master craftsman in London, as large spectacle factories (in Rathenow and in the United States) altered the position of the spectacle vendors.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1928-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133465483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The modern Reflecting Telescope and the new Astronomical Photography","authors":"G. W. Ritchey","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/29/5/301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/29/5/301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1928-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128421888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Note on the use of lenses in series for sight testing","authors":"T. Smith","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/29/5/303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/29/5/303","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the theory of a train of lenses placed in series as used in a trial frame or other instrument. The series arrangement enables a small number of lenses to be combined to give the correction for any regular defect of form. It is shown that in general effective powers are not simply additive, but under conditions described in the paper the error made in regarding them as additive becomes small. The conditions involve the order of the lenses and the position of every lens except the first of the train. It is always possible to satisfy these conditions in a system designed for use in the way described. With incorrect arrangements serious errors may be made.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1928-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127678341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A trichromatic colorimeter with spectral primaries","authors":"W. D. Wright","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/29/5/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/29/5/302","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a trichromatic colorimeter that has been specially designed in order to make an accurate re-determination of the locus of the spectral colours in the colour triangle for as many observers as possible. A spectrometer system is used in which two spectra are formed from the same source. From one of these, three portions to act as primaries are reflected back through a lower part of the dispersing system, so that the mixing of the three radiations is effected by neutralising the prismatic dispersion by which the colours were first separated. From the other spectrum the test colour and a desaturating colour are selected and mixed in a similar manner, and the composite beams are then brought into the two halves of a simple bipartite field. In the process of being mixed with the other colours, each spectral colour is filtered by its return passage through the dispersing system and the instrument thus becomes very effective in removing stray light. Another device has enabled the Maxwellian method of observing the field of view to be adopted without the introduction of rotating parts into the system. The intensities of the three primaries are controlled with photometer wedges.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1928-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126534559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The primordial coefficients of asymmetrical lenses","authors":"T. Smith","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/29/4/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/29/4/302","url":null,"abstract":"An easily calculable system of sixteen magnitudes is constructed for the representation of the properties of asymmetrical lenses by the addition of four lengths to the magnitudes previously used. The equations connecting this system and the coefficients of the eikonal and of the characteristic function, the equations for combining systems or moving their reference points, and the identities between the coefficients are expressed in matrix form. It is shown that the eleven variables present in a system of three separated astigmatic lenses only yield nine degrees of freedom, and such a system cannot, if the reference points are placed where the outer lenses meet the axis, represent the general system, which has ten degrees of freedom.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1928-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127569107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}