{"title":"Airborne Crowdsensing Networks: Safe and Secure Aircraft-Based Observations","authors":"Brandon C. Burfeind, R. Mills, Paul M. Beach","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569813","url":null,"abstract":"The potential utility for aircraft-based observations (AbO) is growing rapidly. As airborne systems advance in technology and quantity, a paradigm shift is occurring in which the safety of a system is directly tied to its security. We turn to the world of crowdsourcing to tie emerging security and privacy discussions to AbO in the form of an Airborne Crowdsensing Network (ACN). To analyze the status and future of ACN security, it is useful to interweave current avionics security standards with new offerings from crowdsourcing researchers to ensure the future of big data in the sky is safe, secure, and successful. After correlating the future of AbO to the ACN, this paper does a step-by-step security analysis of each portion of the data chain, focusing on vulnerabilities caused by, and solutions enabled by, the crowdsensing roots of ACNs. We also introduce the challenges of the big data age to avionics systems. The pursuit of safety and security in aviation demand that lessons be learned from similar research in the world of crowd-sensing. This analysis of current contributions must be followed by continued observation of, and participation in, future work involving crowdsensing technology.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123422410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael J. Stewart, Bryant A. Matthews, V. Janakiraman, Ilya Avrekh
{"title":"Variables Influencing RNAV STAR Adherence","authors":"Michael J. Stewart, Bryant A. Matthews, V. Janakiraman, Ilya Avrekh","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569220","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we investigated how variables in the aviation domain impact adherence levels of aircraft flying area navigation arrivals with optimized profile descents (RNAV OPDs). Variables categories were: weather, aircraft, procedure, and traffic. Non-adherence events analyzed were: miss above, miss below, skip before merge, and skip after merge. Miss below and miss above describe when a flight does not comply vertically with a procedure. Skips refer to a flight leaving a procedure, then returning. Findings of this work reveal that vertical events are most impacted by altitude restriction size, steepness of flight paths, and merging routes. Lateral events were impacted by merging routes, number of speed restrictions, and the flow rate of the arrival traffic. This study helps increase understanding of how the system is functioning and identifies where procedures are not flexible enough to handle the variability in normal operations.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122623175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overview of Silicon Carbide Power Devices for Aircraft Electrical Systems","authors":"J. Leuchter, J. Boril, Erik Blasch","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569861","url":null,"abstract":"Modern aircraft electrical systems are based on power electronics sources and processing. Power electronics concepts used on aircraft stratify by the type of materials used in power device construction with Silicon power devices being the most prominent. Other types of power devices considered for power processing on aircraft include Silicon Carbide (SiC) power switching devices. The choice of power device type depends mainly on performance and the losses to achieve the maximum efficiency of power processing. SiC power devices provide many functions for a variety of aircraft applications, e.g. power generators, electric drives, lights, power sources of instruments, and motors. This paper reviews Silicon Carbide power devices used on the aircraft, addresses typical applications, and compares performance in relation to current Silicon power devices.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125482041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Evaluation of Alert Thresholds for Detect and Avoid in Terminal Operations","authors":"Michael J. Vincent, D. Jack","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569349","url":null,"abstract":"The Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for Detect and Avoid (DAA) Systems outline a well-clear and alerting definition for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) transitioning to and from Class A airspace or special use airspace [1]. This Phase 1 DAA well-clear (DWC) and alerting definition however, may produce losses of well clear (LoWC) and alerting undesirable to UAS operators when operating in the terminal environment, as the expectation of separation between aircraft in the terminal environment is reduced [2]. The ranges at which alerts are excited by normal terminal operations have implications on how a DAA system switches between an en-route and a terminal area DWC and alerting definition. In order to investigate this, an open loop fast time simulation study of UAS operations in a terminal environment was conducted by researchers at NASA Langley Research Center in order to investigate a terminal area DWC and alerting definition. Encounters were modeled with a UAS on a straight-in approach and traffic on various segments of a nominal visual traffic pattern to investigate the impact of integrating Detect and Avoid (DAA) for UAS into the terminal environment. The definition of well-clear was varied between the Phase 1 en-route DWC definition and a prospective terminal area DWC definition. Intruder performance, UAS performance, and flight trajectories were varied to represent a broad range of operations around an airport. Excitation of the Phase 1 MOPS alert thresholds for both the enroute and terminal area DWC were recorded through the collection of aircraft positions relative to the runway at alert threshold. Results indicate that both the terminal and en-route DWC definitions would excite early alert thresholds for aircraft on the 45° traffic pattern entry segment, indicating that the current alerting criterion would cause temporary alerts that may be undesirable to UAS operators. Late alert thresholds would also be excited for aircraft on the 45° entry segment using the en-route DWC definition defined in DO-365. Alerting for traffic on downwind was dependent on the Horizontal Miss Distance (HMD) threshold and the traffic's lateral distance from the runway centerline. These results have implications for how DAA systems will transition between the terminal area and en-route DWC.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128245322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspectives and Sensing Concepts for Small UAS Sense and Avoid","authors":"R. Opromolla, G. Fasano, D. Accardo","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569338","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview and a performance analysis of sensing approaches aimed at providing small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) flying in the low altitude airspace with sense and avoid capabilities. Limited weight, size and power resources represent significant challenges especially considering non-cooperative architectures and avoidance of flying obstacles. An analysis of conflict detection performance levels achievable exploiting different sensing architectures, i.e., based on (compact) radar, LIDAR, cameras and multi-sensor systems, is carried out by means of numerical simulations in which 2D frontal collision scenarios are reproduced. Also, an experimental campaign is planned, aimed to test sense and avoid technologies and algorithms using flight data collected by a fleet of small fixed-/rotary-wing UAS. First analyses regarding the performance of non-cooperative vision-based detection and tracking algorithms in a small UAS scenario are finally presented.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124642487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bráulio Marques Horta, Juliana de Melo Bezerra, C. Hirata
{"title":"A STAMP based Method to Synthesize Controller of Safety-Critical Systems","authors":"Bráulio Marques Horta, Juliana de Melo Bezerra, C. Hirata","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569356","url":null,"abstract":"Aeronautical systems are becoming increasingly integrated and complex. The development of these systems is critical due to the need of addressing both system requirements and safety concerns. A key component of these systems is the controller. STAMP is an accident causation model based on systems theory, which treats accidents and unacceptable losses as a dynamic control problem. In this work, we present a STAMP-based design method for synthesizing the controller logic. The control logic is generated based on the model of the system, properties related to the behavior of each non-controller components, and functional and safety system properties. Our method is original as it considers safety properties early in the development - concept of the system. Furthermore, it is based on system-level properties that allow the system designer to focus on a higher level of abstraction during design.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121061660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Watkins, Colleen Nilson, Susan A. Taylor, Kristin B. Medin, Igor Kuljanin, H. B. Nguyen
{"title":"Development of Touchscreen Displays for the Gulfstream G500 and G600 Symmctry™’ Flight Deck","authors":"C. Watkins, Colleen Nilson, Susan A. Taylor, Kristin B. Medin, Igor Kuljanin, H. B. Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569532","url":null,"abstract":"Touchscreen display technology has been used for decades, but has only recently been accepted as a user interface within aircraft avionics suites. The proliferation of the touch interface was driven by the consumer electronics industry with smartphones and tablets. Touch interfaces have become embedded in society to the point where people are confused or annoyed when they touch a screen and find that it does not respond. Touchscreens have not been common in aircraft design, but the landscape is transforming. Gulfstream has led the aviation industry with the use of 10 touchscreens in the all-new Symmetry™ flight deck onboard the G500 and G600 aircraft. This provides the crew with five multi-function touchscreens (TSCs), two touch-enabled standby flight displays (SFDs), and three overhead panel touchscreens (OHPTS) that substantially replaced the physical switches present in prior aircraft models. This paper explains what Gulfstream implemented, and the challenges and considerations for implementing a touch interface in the flight deck. Gulfstream's touchscreen development is characterized by three major design stakeholders: Study-derived conclusions are provided that characterize the function-first design influence of Human Factors and highlights where art met function with Industrial Design. Implementation aspects are also discussed where concept became reality with Design Engineering.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129677978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Manderino, A. Gillette, P. Gauvin, A. George
{"title":"Resilient Networking Framework for Mission Operations and Resource Sharing in Multi-Agent Systems","authors":"Christopher Manderino, A. Gillette, P. Gauvin, A. George","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569889","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-agent systems call for dependable communication and maintainable infrastructure to conduct distributed operations. Effectively networking services across distributed systems (e.g., drone formations) allows nodes to contribute their collective resources toward achieving mission objectives. Automating unit coordination and node management, within a reusable middleware framework, aligns with goals envisioned in NASA's Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) and the National Research Council's Space Studies Board recommendations for CubeSat swarms and constellations for advanced aerospace missions. To provide reliable system management, software services should possess automaticity and fault-tolerance. Additionally, networking services for aerospace platforms should be robust, portable, and reusable for many mission life cycles. Researchers at the National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for Space, High-performance, and Resilient Computing (SHREC) have developed a system architecture that can be deployed as a reusable middleware for distributed systems in hazardous aerospace environments.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128392967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Risk Matrix as an integral part of a SysML-based Security Engineering Approach in the Development of Complex Aircraft Cabin Systems","authors":"H. Hintze, J. Speichert, R. God","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569530","url":null,"abstract":"Security analysis, in parallel with safety analysis, has become an established part of the system development process of modern aircraft cabin systems with an increasing number of hardware and software components and functional complexity. Security analysis is centred on a risk matrix, which in turn defines the risk level in accordance to the preassigned probability of a security event occurrence and the associated effect on the aeroplane with respect to safe flight and landing. Even though a number of different model-based approaches for security analysis exist, a satisfactory solution for integrating the risk matrix into the model remains. Using a model-based security engineering approach this paper describes a solution with a risk matrix being an integral part of a SysML model. For a security assessment the risk matrix is specified within the model and the model supports probability values of the occurrence of a security event and correlates them to the respective effects on the aeroplane.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131160859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on the Dynamic CDA track optimization based on the optimal trajectory points selection","authors":"Gong Feng-xun, Ma Yanqiu","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569843","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional continuous descent approach(CDA) trajectory is optimized only in the vertical direction. Therefore, the operation advantages of CDA have not been fully shown. The selection process of the position points of the optimal track can be divided into the three steps. The one is the terminal area discretizing. The second one is the selection model setting, and optimization algorithm model designed with the objective function value. The third one is waypoints selecting for the descent track and optimization track profiles. The limitation elements include turning angle, descending gradient and total carbon emission. In the simulation, firstly, the optimal track points are selected in the 3D cone waypoints set, according to the restrictions on the turning angle, descending gradient. Secondly, valid dynamic CDA trajectory is constructed, according to the spatial conic relationship between TOD points and the FAF points. Thirdly, the dynamic CDA trajectory is chosen through comparison and analysis of the waypoints restrictions, which has the minimum total CO and CO2 emissions. The simulation results with the typical airport terminal area are shown that the threefold selection method based on the turning angle, range sum and carbon emission can optimize the track profile from three aspects at same time, and the emission reduction of the dynamic CDA trajectory optimizing selected from the 3D grid waypoints set is better than the traditional CDA trajectory optimization.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131257576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}