Philologia Classica最新文献_第8页

Nou toch eigenlijk best wel eng hoor. About semantic value, interpretation and translation possiblility of Dutch particles 现在我们来接触一下本征函数。论荷兰语小词的语义价值、解释和翻译的可能性

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Philologia Classica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.105

Kamil Tomaka

{"title":"Nou toch eigenlijk best wel eng hoor. About semantic value, interpretation and translation possiblility of Dutch particles","authors":"Kamil Tomaka","doi":"10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.105","url":null,"abstract":"Dutch particles are among the most difficult elements of the Dutch language to learn. Most students do not know what to do with particles and regularly omit them in text translations. However, the interpretation and translation of Dutch particles is a problem not only for students. Teachers, researchers, and translators also have great difficulties with them. This contribution focuses on research into the biggest problems with Dutch particles. My attention is focused on the semantic value, interpretation, and translation possibility of Dutch particles. This article also discusses the taxonomy of particles in Dutch based on current elaborations. I then proceed with the distribution of particles based on the discursive levels at which they function. The aim of this paper is also to present the characterization of the category of Dutch particles next to the category of Dutch adverbs. This article demonstrates also an overview of approaches to particles taken in Dutch linguistics area with the aim of identifying their most important points and suggesting a framework for further analysis. Eventually, it states that the category of particles is also an absorbing object of cross-linguistic research for a number of reasons. First, the category of particles has not been clearly defined in many languages so far. Second, the criteria used to identify this category differ not only crosslinguistically, but even within Dutch studies. Lastly, the classification of particles in many languages has still not been thoroughly researched and an accurate identification of Dutch particles equivalents has yet to be established.","PeriodicalId":40525,"journal":{"name":"Philologia Classica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67775321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time and space in Sigbjørn Obstfelder’s prose poetry 奥布斯特费尔德散文诗中的时间与空间

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Philologia Classica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.205

O. Ermakova, Irina Taratonkina

{"title":"Time and space in Sigbjørn Obstfelder’s prose poetry","authors":"O. Ermakova, Irina Taratonkina","doi":"10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.205","url":null,"abstract":"The article dwells upon the time and space in Sigbjørn Obstfelder’s prose poetry. The genre of prose poetry came to Scandinavia at the end of the 19th century, on the peak of the French symbolism popularity. The strong influence of the French symbolist Charles Baudelaire is obvious in Obstfelder’s works. The most significant feature that defines the chronotope of Obstfelder’s poems is opposition between man and nature. By a person the author means not a lyrical hero but other people, the whole society, the essence of which can be described as “the abode of many people”. “Other people” are synonymous with the concept of “city”, and this chronotope is clearly seen in many of his poems. The poet describes both nature and city in details and the chaos of the city extremely contrasts with the rich and harmonious life of nature. The opposition of harmony and chaos, sincerity and alienation is emphasized by the contrast between the sounds of nature and the city: between weeping, sobbing, screaming, roaring and the sound of drops, the rustling of leaves and the singing of birds. Despite the beauty and harmony of nature the lyrical hero still cannot exist outside the city for a long time. Perhaps he can exist only in a borderline state — between people and nature, harmony and chaos, trying to combine, unite in the mind both worlds, but staying alone in both of them. The common feature of all his prose poems is transition and border crossing and it can explain the originality of Obstfelder’s prose poems.","PeriodicalId":40525,"journal":{"name":"Philologia Classica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67775665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intentionalism and Deontology in the Early Stoic Ethics 早期斯多葛派伦理学中的意志主义和义务论

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Philologia Classica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu20.2022.103

A. Seregin

{"title":"Intentionalism and Deontology in the Early Stoic Ethics","authors":"A. Seregin","doi":"10.21638/spbu20.2022.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.103","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I demonstrate that the early Stoics adhered to a normative theory that may be called intentionalist: the moral significance of any action is not determined by its material content, but by the virtuous or vicious disposition of the agent’s soul and the intentions arising from this disposition. Since according to Stoics all people are divided into virtuous sages and vicious non-sages, all the actions of the former are morally right (κατορθώματα), whereas those of the latter are morally wrong (ἁμαρτήματα), even if they are materially identical. On the other hand, some statements in the Stoic fragments can rather be characterized as deontological: in this case, certain materially defined types of action (stealing, lying, adultery, etc.) seem to be presented as morally wrong in themselves. The paper’s central thesis is that such statements do not contradict the basic Stoic intentionalism but can be interpreted as consistent with it. Such an interpretation becomes possible under two conditions: firstly, if one takes into account how exactly the notions of κατόρθωμα and ἁμάρτημα relate to the Stoic notions of appropriate and inappropriate action (καθῆκον and παρὰ τὸκαθῆκον), and, secondly, if one examines the Stoic position on the moral status of lying, which is very revealing in this respect.","PeriodicalId":40525,"journal":{"name":"Philologia Classica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78753525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Is it worth multiplying translation multiplicity? From the experience of working on a new translation of Multatuli’s Max Havelaar 翻译多重性是否值得翻倍?根据我翻译Multatuli的《Max Havelaar》的经验

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Philologia Classica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.204

Ekaterina Vekshina, Irina Michajlova

{"title":"Is it worth multiplying translation multiplicity? From the experience of working on a new translation of Multatuli’s Max Havelaar","authors":"Ekaterina Vekshina, Irina Michajlova","doi":"10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.204","url":null,"abstract":"The article is written within the framework of a relatively new trend in translation studies — the study of translation multiplicity (or, in other terminology, re-translation) of fiction. It uses Multatuli’s Max Havelaar (pseudonym of Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820–1887)) as its research material. It is an anti-colonial novel with autobiographical elements that opened Dutch readers’ eyes to the real state of affairs in the Dutch East Indies. These days, Max Havelaar is enjoying a worldwide surge in popularity: between 2017 and 2022, its new translations and retranslations have been published in twelve languages, including English, French and Azerbaijani. The authors of this article, who were involved in creating a new Russian translation (the planned year of publication is 2022), analyse the work of their predecessors — the previous seven Russian editions of the novel, which were published from 1916 to 1959. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the previous Russian versions of Max Havelaar do not meet the modern norms of translation (in the terminology of G. Toury), since all the 20th-century translations of the novel were made not from the Dutch original, but from a German translation, which had been made from the abridged edition of 1871, and not from the full author’s version of 1875–1881. These translations are full of literalisms that do not take into account the context; they contain errors in understanding the author’s text and are unnecessarily difficult to understand. This is why there is a need for a new, modern Russian version, which will allow Russian readers to appreciate Multatuli’s famous book at its true value. The differences in translation strategies in the 20th and 21st centuries are listed and relevant examples are given.","PeriodicalId":40525,"journal":{"name":"Philologia Classica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67775571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ancient Progymnasmata in the Classroom of Sophronios Leichoudes 《索普罗尼奥斯·莱胡德斯教室里的古代通告》

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Philologia Classica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu20.2022.111

Lydia Spyridonova, A. Kurbanov

{"title":"The Ancient Progymnasmata in the Classroom of Sophronios Leichoudes","authors":"Lydia Spyridonova, A. Kurbanov","doi":"10.21638/spbu20.2022.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.111","url":null,"abstract":"At the core of this paper is a discussion of unpublished progymnasmata (in Greek & Latin) elaborated by a number of Sophronius Leichoudes’ first students. These texts are preserved in three codices from the National Library of Russia. They were dedicated to elaboration of the whole range of the late antique rhetorical exercises such as ethopoeia, encomium, psogos (invective), chreia, commonplace, refutation and confirmation. No manuscripts have revealed examples of the exercises in fable, comparison, ecphrasis, thesis, introduction of a law. However, these progymnasmata, except the latter, were studied in abbreviated form within the preserved exercises. The topics of the pieces proposed by Sophronios are mostly of Christian character, such as a lament of Joseph, Judas’ betrayal, praises of Christmas, saints and martyrs, theological debates and many more. The information preserved on their scholia makes us possible to identify the authors’ names (Nikolay Semeonov Golovin, Aleksey Kirillov, Feodor Polikarpov and Feodor Gerasimov, Fedot Ageev, Iosif Afanas’ev, Peotr Postnikov, Paladiy Rogov, Greeks Anastasios and hierodeacon Dionysios) as well as to specify the essential elements of each exercise to be performed. Based on these materials, we can conclude that Sophronios conveyed to his students the best elements of both Byzantine and Jesuit rhetorical training, in this way the Leichoudian method of instruction corresponds in general to that of contemporary Greek schools.","PeriodicalId":40525,"journal":{"name":"Philologia Classica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75205670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three notes on Asconius 关于阿斯科尼厄斯的三个音符

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Philologia Classica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu20.2022.108

W. Chrustaljow

{"title":"Three notes on Asconius","authors":"W. Chrustaljow","doi":"10.21638/spbu20.2022.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.108","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with three passages from Asconius’ commentary on Cicero’s speeches. In the first of these fragments, Asconius reports that Cicero’s daughter Tullia died after childbirth in the house of her husband P. Lentulus. This version stands in contrast to the communis opinio in the scholarship (albeit rested on indirect evidence), according to which Tullia passed away at the Tusculan villa of Cicero after she had given birth to her son in Cicero’s house in Rome. Asconius’ testimony is compared with the account of Plutarch (Cic. 41. 7–8) who tells the same story as the commentator of Cicero. The author concludes that the reports of two ancient writers are based on a common source, namely Cicero’s biography composed by Tiro, in which only the place of birth of Tullia’s son, but not the place of her death was given. Based on this information, Asconius and Plutarch independently of each other came to the logical but wrong conclusion that Tullia died in the house belonged to her ex-husband. In the second passage Asconius mentions that M. Licinius Crassus sat on the jury upon the trial of C. Cornelius de maiestate in 65. In the same year Crassus held the censorship. However, office-holding magistrates were excluded from juries. Since the trial of Cornelius can be dated to the late spring or the first half of summer, we are to assume that Crassus gave up the office by this time. In the third part of the paper Asconius’ account on the murder of Lucretius Afella is examined. According to Asconius, Afella was killed by a L. Bellienus, whereas Plutarch reports that Afella was murdered by one of Sulla’s centurions. The identicalness of L. Bellienus and the anonymous centurion mentioned by Plutarch is usually called into doubt in the scholarship, but the author comes to conclusion that the ancient authors write about the same man.","PeriodicalId":40525,"journal":{"name":"Philologia Classica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82732872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ἀνά τε ἔδραμεν: Explaining the Longevity of the Tmesis νά τε ν δραμεν:解释Tmesis的寿命

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Philologia Classica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu20.2022.104

M. Kazanskaya

{"title":"ἀνά τε ἔδραμεν: Explaining the Longevity of the Tmesis","authors":"M. Kazanskaya","doi":"10.21638/spbu20.2022.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.104","url":null,"abstract":"It is a well-known fact that tmesis (independent use of the preverb from its verb) as a linguistic phenomenon was progressively eliminated from Ancient Greek, so that only residual usage is attested in the language of the Classical age. However, one verb, ἀναδραμεῖν, retained tmetic usage with the particle τε intervening between the preverb and the verb, ἀνά τε ἔδραμε, until late Antiquity (Appian, Eunapius). It is significant that this construction (on par with the non tmetic form ἀνέδραμε) was used in prose, which suggests that it was part of actual linguistic usus. The article examines the reasons behind the unique longevity of this tmesis. Followingan overview of the occurrences of ἀνά τε ἔδραμεν in Herodotus, Appian and Eunapius, and the comparison of the use of the tmetic and non tmetic forms, the elements of the construction are discussed. It is shown that the survival of ἀνά τε ἔδραμεν must have been influenced by the semantic development of the verb (the root no longer denotes actual running, but springing to one’s feet or rapid growth), as well as the capacity of the preverb ἀνα- to appear independently of its verb (the deontic ἄνα). Finally, a possible shift in meaning of τε (as invariable part of the expression) is discussed. While it is impossible to pinpoint one single factor that determined the singular longevity of the tmesis ἀνά τε ἔδραμε in Greek, a combination of factors seems to have contributed to its survival.","PeriodicalId":40525,"journal":{"name":"Philologia Classica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90846526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dikaiopolis in Despair (Aristophanes’ Acharnians 30–31)

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Philologia Classica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu20.2022.203

B. Nikolsky

{"title":"Dikaiopolis in Despair (Aristophanes’ Acharnians 30–31)","authors":"B. Nikolsky","doi":"10.21638/spbu20.2022.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.203","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with a passage from the prologue of Aristophanes’ Acharnians, vv. 30–31. Close reading of the passage and analyzing each verb of the series in vv. 30–31 shows that the entire series of verbs in Acharnians 30–31 describes Dikaiopolis’ suffering and constitutes the culmination of the woes listed in his monologue. This last and greatest of his woes cannot be mere annoyance at having come first to the Pnyx and not knowing how to kill time. στένω must mean a lament tragic in tone, and κέχηνα intensifies this vocal lament though adding a comic bathos. σκορδινῶμαι does not refer here to drowsy stretching as it is usually interpreted by scholars but to convulsions of rage and despair. πέρδομαι indicates acuteness and intensity of Dikaiopolis’ disappointment; the relationship between σκορδινῶμαι and πέρδομαι is similar to that between στένω and κέχηνα, where the second verb emphasizes and marks the culmination of the first (“I’m moaning so much that my mouth is open wide” and “I’m convulsed to the point of farting”). παρατίλλομαι must mean “to tear out the hair on one’s head”, a gesture that is obviously a sign of sorrow and despair. The verbs γράφωand λογίζομαι describe Dikaiopolis writing out and assessing his debts sitting in the assembly place. The lines that follow are tightly connected to 30–31 and explain the reason for the protagonist’s despair: Dikaiopolis dreams of the countryside and hates the city, but due to the war cannot return to the country (32–33); his hatred of the city is further explained by the enormous expenses city life entails.","PeriodicalId":40525,"journal":{"name":"Philologia Classica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89431113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reimagining the Prophet: Teiresias as Comedian and Sophist in Euripides’ Bacchae 重新想象先知:在欧里庇得斯的《酒神》中，忒瑞西阿斯扮演喜剧演员和诡辩家

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Philologia Classica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu20.2022.101

I. Hilton

{"title":"Reimagining the Prophet: Teiresias as Comedian and Sophist in Euripides’ Bacchae","authors":"I. Hilton","doi":"10.21638/spbu20.2022.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.101","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the role of the prophet Teiresias in the Bacchae of Euripides in the particular context of sophistic influence. It views the originality of the prophet’s depiction as reflective of Euripides’ creative self-consciousness within an agonistic genre that relied on the malleability of ancient myth, particularly towards the end of tragedy’s “golden era”. Our particular aim is to present the prophet independently of the Sophoсlean background against which Teiresias is often viewed, and as a more complex figure than a (not especially satisfactory) radicalization of his earlier incarnations. The prophet in Bacchae is a liminal figure poised between tragedy and comedy, man and god, male and female, tradition and innovation. As such he parallelsmany of the “doublings” characteristic of Dionysus himself. The analysis re-examines the extent and nature of the comedy in the early Teiresias–Cadmus–Pentheus scene (170–369) in the context of the most recent scholarship. It then offers a close examination of the so-called sophistic speech by the prophet (266–327) within the framework of contemporary attitudes to sophism and how this has unfairly influenced scholarly perception of Teiresias’s authority as a dramatic character. The argument aims to establish Teiresias’s incarnation as both fifth-century intellectual and representative of traditional values. He thus reflects the tension between old and new in the integration of Dionysiac religion in mythical Thebes.","PeriodicalId":40525,"journal":{"name":"Philologia Classica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86300369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research Articles on English Phonetics and Phonology Published in Northern Europe from 2002 to 2022: A Systematic Analysis 2002 - 2022年北欧地区发表的英语音韵学研究论文的系统分析

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Philologia Classica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.18485/philologia.2022.20.20.3

Oleksandr (Alexander) Kapranov

引用次数: 1