2021 74th Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE)最新文献

{"title":"Case study: Transformer Differential Incorrect Operation due to System Grounding","authors":"Jc Jacobus Theron, David Roh, Lorne S. Clark","doi":"10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429856","url":null,"abstract":"Power system grounding is a key component of power system design and can have adverse effects to protection schemes. Particular protection functions that can be impacted are phase, neutral and negative sequence overcurrent, directional overcurrents, restricted ground fault and Transformer differential protection.This paper discusses power system grounding, impacts of an in-zone solidly grounded parallel generator to the system and how this caused the transformer percentage differential to incorrectly operate.Additional security measures added to the percentage differential is also presented to enhance transformer differential security against temporarily system grounding events causing circulating currents.","PeriodicalId":405115,"journal":{"name":"2021 74th Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124301225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AEP Event of March 20, 2018","authors":"Bret Burford","doi":"10.1109/cpre48231.2021.9429713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cpre48231.2021.9429713","url":null,"abstract":"N-5(+) System Configuration • Large Voltage Angle Separation • 138 kV CG Line Fault • Ten other lines tripped • Seven 138 kV lines tripped • Three 69 kV lines tripped • Outage of entire area $sim 130 mathrm{MW}$","PeriodicalId":405115,"journal":{"name":"2021 74th Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122903392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restricted Earth-Fault (REF) Protection Challenges due to Extensive Use of Cables: A Case Study","authors":"Z. Gajic, M. Kockott","doi":"10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429845","url":null,"abstract":"Capacitive zero-sequence currents do exist in any power system during an earth-fault regardless network grounding principle. However, existence of these currents is typically ignored in traditional protection practice. In many countries some type of high-impedance grounding is used which limits the earth-fault current to a certain level. Increased use of cables in medium voltage distribution grids and high voltage sub-transmission grids can also significantly raise the capacitive earth fault currents, which in combination with the used grounding principle in the power network can pose a problem for proper operation of some relays.","PeriodicalId":405115,"journal":{"name":"2021 74th Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128655635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation Testing of IEC 61850 Process Bus Architecture in a Typical Digital Substation","authors":"M. Whitehead, M. Kanabar, Hesam Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429718","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the challenges posed to protection devices in IEC 61850 process bus systems, and the impacts that the process bus architecture has on the reliability of protection. A hardware in the loop setup is used with merging units, communication networks, and test sets to establish a smallscale actual substation. Next, a software-based sampled values generator was built to examine the impacts of extreme delay, missing and invalid samples on a real protection IED. Solutions to minimize the impact of delayed, missing, and invalid samples are then proposed and evaluated for their impact on the protection device. This paper highlights the common issues with process bus systems and the effectiveness of some solutions to these challenges from the perspective of protection.","PeriodicalId":405115,"journal":{"name":"2021 74th Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128507174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modernization of an Industrial Power Distribution and Automation System - Lessons Learned","authors":"B. Nickell, Raghu K. Nadipalli, K. Sims, Joe Xavier","doi":"10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429716","url":null,"abstract":"Tata Chemicals North America (TCNA) operates one of the world’s largest trona mining and processing facilities in Green River, Wyoming. Trona is the most common source of soda ash, which is used to manufacture glass, chemicals, paper, detergents, and textiles. Nearly all the natural soda ash produced in the United States comes from the Trona formation in this area of Wyoming.","PeriodicalId":405115,"journal":{"name":"2021 74th Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134572838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selecting, Implementing and Overcoming Challenges when Selecting Coordination Criteria for Wide Area Applications","authors":"Naveen Ganta, Lalit Ghatpande, Joe Perez","doi":"10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429831","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing demand for utilities to define a relay settings process and check relay coordination which is driven by regulatory requirements such as the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) PRC-027-1 standard. Developing apt criteria to address all the pertaining elements requiring coordination is a crucial phase in performing any Wide Area Coordination (WAC) study. This paper discusses the methods to come up with coordination criteria by taking different scenarios and system configurations into consideration. This paper also reviews various challenges that may arise when implementing the adopted coordination criteria. Recommendations to overcome those challenges are also presented in this paper. Recommendations presented in this paper would be of help to utilities and consultants in avoiding issues when enforcing the determined coordination criteria.","PeriodicalId":405115,"journal":{"name":"2021 74th Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE)","volume":"440 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133108908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Protection Applications for Modern Industrial Switchgear Systems","authors":"B. Vandiver","doi":"10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429828","url":null,"abstract":"Medium voltage (MV) switchgear must meet many different requirements due to the range of its applications. While it is often used in traditional utility distribution substations, it is also widely used in industrial power systems, large commercial facilities, university power systems, as well as for the interconnection of large distributed energy resources. This means that the switchgear design should be flexible in configuration with variable bus ratings. PAC systems (protection, automation, and control) must therefore be accurate over a wide range of currents and voltages, while at the same time providing safe and reliable operation, with minimum maintenance requirements.","PeriodicalId":405115,"journal":{"name":"2021 74th Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130128302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Virtual Synchronous Generators to Resolve Microgrid Protection Challenges","authors":"J. Glassmire, S. Cherevatskiy, G. Antonova, A. Fretwell","doi":"10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429835","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids and related microgrid technologies enable networks to keep power on when the normal supply is unavailable as well as provide the ability to support high penetrations of renewable and distributed generation. Microgrids, particularly those that operate with significant penetrations of renewable generation, present unique protection challenges. One challenge is a shortage or absence of inertia that can leak to system stability issues and, from a protections standpoint, rapid protection operation. Another challenge is that the fault current characteristics of inverter-based generation in the microgrid are very different from synchronous generators and can vary by vendor, product, and settings. A Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) in a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can address these two challenges. A VSG consists of an inverter with intelligent controls and automation. As the name implies, a VSG has characteristics that are like a synchronous generator. The short circuit capabilities and ability to supply virtual inertia provide a solution to these two challenges. In addition, because it is based on inverter-based power electronics, the VSG provides fast responses that can be tuned to suit the needs of the application. The combination of a VSG in a BESS with smart automation also enables distributed black start support, including from 100% renewable generation. A BESS with VSG was demonstrated in a large renewable microgrid in South Australia. The ESCRI-SA Dalrymple project went into operation in 2018, and supports a 91 MW wind farm, more than 3 MW of distributed rooftop solar interconnected with hundreds of kilometers of transmission and distribution lines. This project is characterized by high reliability and is a critical component of the protection schemes the transmission system operator (TSO) uses for customer reliability in a network with high renewable share, both outside and within the microgrid. providing support across the TSO’s network and within the microgrid through seamless islanding capabilities. This work describes the protection used, characterizes it in the framework of common North American protection schemes, and provides insight on adapting the grid-forming technology and approaches from South Australia to North American utility networks.","PeriodicalId":405115,"journal":{"name":"2021 74th Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE)","volume":"98 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113991498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of using IEC 61850 messages for testing conventional protection schemes","authors":"T. Roseburg, Warren Rees, G. Antonova","doi":"10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429854","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common questions posed when considering digital systems based on IEC 61850 technology is how to test protection elements and a digital system as a whole. Test provisions in IEC 61850 are plentiful and elaborate and are covered broadly in industry publications. This paper instead focuses on the ability to use IEC 61850 messages for testing conventional commonly deployed copper-based protection schemes. It discusses implementation and usage of this approach and summarizes its benefits.","PeriodicalId":405115,"journal":{"name":"2021 74th Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE)","volume":"372 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123421106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Methods in Power Line Carrier Monitoring and Analysis Real-World Examples and Implications for Protection System Reliability","authors":"C. Palmer, Alan Jayson, Jeffrey E. Brown","doi":"10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE48231.2021.9429829","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous monitoring devices for power line carrier protection channels provide robust data about the performance of PLC systems. This paper summarizes the significance of the monitoring device data and cites recent cases in its application and analysis. Field examples include remotely identifying failed PLC system components before a misoperation, various effects of capacitor banks, line trap monitoring, and more. A new method of event-based transient monitoring is also proposed. The potential for this type of data to improve PLC-based protection reliability is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":405115,"journal":{"name":"2021 74th Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115762177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}