{"title":"Mengintegrasikan Ham Ke Dalam Kebijakan Dan Praktik Perusahaan","authors":"Asep Mulyana","doi":"10.58823/jham.v8i8.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58823/jham.v8i8.77","url":null,"abstract":"Perdebatan tentang bisnis dan HAM menyeruak dalam diplomasi internasional pada 1990-an. Debat itu didorong oleh makin kuatnya peran dan posisi ekonomi- politik perusahaan-perusahaan multinasional, utamanya perusahaan yang bergerak di sektor pertambangan yang bersifat ekstraktif. Di sisi lain, kontrol negara terhadap operasi perusahaan-perusahaan itu juga kian melemah. Operasi perusahaan multinasional di berbagai belahan dunia dapat memberi efek positif bagi kemajuan ekonomi, namun juga berdampak negatif bagi penikmatan HAM. Fenomena ini mendorong inisiatif dari Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa (PBB) untuk menyusun kerangka dan panduan bagi komunitas bisnis dalam penghormatan, perlindungan, dan pemulihan HAM. Kerangka kerja PBB ini menjadi alat yang memandu perusahaan untuk mengintegrasikan HAM dalam kebijakan dan praktik perusahaan, sehingga di masa depan, perusahaan bukan saja dapat meminimalisasi resiko dan dampak terhadap HAM dalam operasinya, tetapi bahkan dapat berkontribusi positif bagi penikmatan HAM.","PeriodicalId":404941,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130882528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Upaya Non-Yudisial Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Antara Masyarakat Vs Negara","authors":"Yodhisman Soratha","doi":"10.58823/jham.v8i8.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58823/jham.v8i8.78","url":null,"abstract":"Konstitusi Negara RI mengatur bahwa negara hanya menguasai sumber-sumber daya alam (termasuk tanah), namun mandat ini kemudian dikembangkan secara ekstensif oleh pemerintah dengan memberikan kewenangan bagi negara untuk memiliki tanah. Kepemilikan tanah oleh negara ini menjadi salah satu sumber konflik dengan warga masyarakat, yang seringkali berlangsung sangat panjang dan berakhir dengan kekerasan. Hukum yang ada tidak memberi peluang bagi penyelesaian sengketa tanah antara negara dengan masyarakat, kecuali melalui pengadilan, hal yang sangat dihindari oleh masyarakat. Untuk itu, perlu dicari upaya alternatif untuk penyelesaian yang lebih adil terkait sengketa tanah yang diklaim sebagai milik negara dengan kelompok masyarakat.","PeriodicalId":404941,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130859220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perlindungan Hak atas Kesehatan Melalui Kebijakan Pengendalian Tembakau","authors":"Yeni Rosdianti","doi":"10.58823/jham.v8i8.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58823/jham.v8i8.72","url":null,"abstract":"Konsumsi rokok di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dari tahun 1995 sampai dengan 2010. Peningkatan prevalensi perokok dewasa pada tahun 1995 mencapai 53,4% laki-laki dan 1,7% perempuan. Selama kurun waktu 15 tahun, perokok dewasa laki-laki meningkat menjadi 65,9% dan perempuan menjadi 4,2%. Peningkatan konsumsi rokok ini merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian meningkat pesat di dunia saat ini. Indonesia merupakan negara ketiga dengan jumlah perokok tertinggi di dunia, setelah Cina dan India, dengan prevalensi perokok tertinggi di dunia yaitu 36,1% (GATS 2011). Di Indonesia, tingkat produksi rokok pada tahun 2010 telah mencapai 260 miliar batang, dan di tahun 2011 bahkan telah mencapai 270 miliar batang. Sementara jumlah penduduk di Indonesia adalah berkisar 230 juta jiwa. Dalam data Riskesdas 2010 perokok pasif perempuan sebanyak 62 juta, dan laki-laki sebanyak 30 juta sehingga terdapat 92 juta perokok pasif di Indonesia. Dan sebanyak 11,4 juta anak usia 0-4 tahun terpapar asap rokok. Sedangkan pada data GATS 2011 menunjukkan jumlah perokok pasif sebanyak 133,3 juta terpapar asap rokok di rumah.Dari informasi di atas, maka upaya pengendalian penggunaan tembakau sangat diperlukan guna menurunkan jumlah perokok dan mencegah masyarakat dari kecanduan kebiasaan merokok, sehingga mereka terhindar dari penyakit-penyakit yang sangat membahayakan. Pengendalian tembakau juga merupakan bentuk pelaksanaan kewajiban negara dalam melindungi kesehatan warga negara untuk mendapatkan standar kesehatan tertinggi yang dapat dijangkau sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Komentar Umum No.14 Kovenan hak ekonomi, sosial dan budaya, khususnya mengenai hak atas kesehatan.","PeriodicalId":404941,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129377721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kebebasan Beragama, Mungkinkah? Antara Fakta atau Takdir Sosial","authors":"Abdul Munir Mulkhan","doi":"10.58823/jham.v8i8.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58823/jham.v8i8.75","url":null,"abstract":"When religion compete to find more community in this opened century, they do be conflict each other continued with violation physically and bodily. The question is can the religious leader reserve the merciful to every people as such a human? If they can do that stuffs, likewise KH. Ahmad Dahlan with al-Ma’un principle of movement, therefore religions would enter to the era of new enlightenment. God revealed His religion because of His Mercy in order every human being able to feel secure and prosper. God revealed His statements to and with human being (Messenger) or sent His angels. Though, unfortunately, people always arrogant. Only God who has right to be arrogant, because He is a Master of authority. Our believes to God’s authority is needed to be convinced with giving freewill for everyone to decide what religion that they will choose to God’s authority His self. Do religious leaders still believe in God Will? Or factually, do they use God as mask of their worldly motives?","PeriodicalId":404941,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia","volume":"128 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131818478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perlindungan Ham Terhadap Anak Indonesia Yang Ditahan Di Penjara Dewasa Australia","authors":"Erna Ratnaningsih","doi":"10.58823/jham.v8i8.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58823/jham.v8i8.70","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia sebagai negara yang memiliki kedekatan secara geografis dengan Australia memiliki kerentanan khusus berkaitan dengan transnational organized crimes khususnya perdagangan manusia (human trafficking). Pelibatan anak Indonesia dalam aktivitas penggelapan orang (people smuggling) merupakan salah satu bentuk perdagangan manusia (trafficking) melalui eksploitasi tenaga kerja. Artikel ini menggambarkan potret anak Indonesia yang berhadapan dengan hukum di Australia, Kewajiban Internasional Pemerintah Indonesia dan Pemerintah Australia yang telah meratifikasi berbagai Konvensi Hak -hak Sipil dan Politik, United Nation Convention untuk Mencegah, Menindak dan Menghukum Perdagangan Orang terutama Perempuan dan Anak-Anak serta Konvensi Hak Anak disertai dengan hukum nasional yang mengatur perdagangan orang. Diakhiri dengan berbagai kerja sama yang dapat dilakukan antara Indonesia dan Australia dalam penanganan kasus anak-anak Indonesia yang ditahan di penjara Australia berdasarkan prinsip- prinsip dan pedoman hukum internasional.","PeriodicalId":404941,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131157460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pertanggung Jawaban Komando","authors":"Pariama Sihombing","doi":"10.58823/jham.v2i2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58823/jham.v2i2.25","url":null,"abstract":"Since the concept of command responsibility is new in Indonesia, there are various misperception and misinterpretation on this matter. This article is dedicated to the military officers, judiciaries, and lawyers in order to help them to understood the concept of command responsibility in international humanitarian law and also in human rights Jaw and to avoid the misperception and misinterpretation. Several important element is discussed by the writer such as the concepts of command responsibility and superiors command, type of violation in international humanitarian law and human rights law, and the application of command responsibility.","PeriodicalId":404941,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia","volume":"13 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122377135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Akhirnya Pengadilan Tingkat Nasional Muiai Menyidangkan, Kejahatan Terbesar: \"Genosida\"","authors":"William A. Schabas","doi":"10.58823/jham.v2i2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58823/jham.v2i2.23","url":null,"abstract":"The 1948 Genocide Convention contemplates prosecution by the national courts of the territory where the crime took place, and by an international criminal court. The drafters of the Convention meant to exclude universal jurisdiction, although courts have since tended to interpret Article VI of the Convention as being merely permissive, and in no way a prohibition of universal jurisdiction. Finally, within the past decade, the national courts of the territory where genocide was committed, other national courts and the international tribunals created by the Security Council have undertaken genocide prosecutions. Alongside the activities of the two ad hoc international tribunals, national courts in Rwanda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Kosovo have held trials based on the provisions of the Convention. The Rwandan trials now number in the thousands, but those in the other jurisdictions have been essentially symbolic. As for universal jurisdiction, the mere handful of genocide prosecutions {for instance in Germany, Switzerland, and Belgium) show that it can fill the gaps in the Convention. The problems appear to be political rather than judicial.","PeriodicalId":404941,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116462658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yurisdiksi Universal: Praktik, Prinsip Dan Realitas","authors":"Bhatara Ibnu Reza","doi":"10.58823/jham.v2i2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58823/jham.v2i2.26","url":null,"abstract":"Application of Universal Jurisdiction basically is an effort to avoid impunity. Nevertheless in the reality its application often has been connected with state sovereignty. Recently we heard a strong reaction from Indonesian Government about the indictment of General Wiranto and seven other military officers and also Abilio Soares by Special Panel for Serious Crime Unit in Dili Court , Timar Leste. This article explains several important aspects of human rights cases in order to be applicable with universal jurisdiction, such as: the type of crimes and the requirements based on international law.","PeriodicalId":404941,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132615244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elemen-Elemen Kejahatan Dari \"Crimes Against Humanty\": Sebuah Penjelasan Pustaka","authors":"Ifdhal Kasim","doi":"10.58823/jham.v2i2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58823/jham.v2i2.24","url":null,"abstract":"As first step to discuss \"element of crimes\" of Crimes Against Humanity, the writer explain the concept of gross violation on human rights. This article focus on the normative and conceptual development of \"Crimes Against Humanity\", its element of crime and its application. Furthermore the discussion is focus on sexual crime, as mention in article 7 (g) the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or any other form of sexual violance of comparable gravity or as mention in article 9 (g) UU No.26/2000 about Human Rights Courts. The lack of attention toward genderbased violance issue in Indonesia law literature is one of the reason why the writer is writing about this issue.","PeriodicalId":404941,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127460732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Penyelesaian Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Yang Berat; Belajar Dari Pengalaman","authors":"Asmara Nababan","doi":"10.58823/jham.v2i2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58823/jham.v2i2.27","url":null,"abstract":"This article discuss the concepts of gross human rights violation, individual responsibility in international crime, element of crime of human rights violation, the concept of command responsibility and the settlement mechanism of human rights violation. The writer asks us to take lesson learn from the experiences of Timar-Timurand Tanjung Priok trial and \"the stuck\" in the investigationprocess in Trisakti, Semanggi I don II and Mei cases in the hand of Attorney General. The realities show that so many weaknesses are needed to be handled immediately. For that reason, it is important to make amendment of UU No. 2612000 of Human Rights Court. The writer also discuss the hybrid tribunal in Cambodia, Timar Leste and Sierra Leone as an effort to give preference to the state to conduct its obligation and in other side also to guarantee that the court is conducted in mutual accord with international standard.","PeriodicalId":404941,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126447123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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