Christoph Beyerstedt, Jonas Meier, Fabian Speicher, M. Scholl, Daniel Blase, R. Wunderlich, S. Heinen
{"title":"A Fast and Accurate True Event-driven Phase Locked Loop Model","authors":"Christoph Beyerstedt, Jonas Meier, Fabian Speicher, M. Scholl, Daniel Blase, R. Wunderlich, S. Heinen","doi":"10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294942","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fast and accurate event-driven modeling approach for mixed-signal phase locked loops (PLLs). To generate as few simulation events as possible a signal description is used, which utilizes linear combinations of analytical basic waveform sequences allowing the direct algebraic calculation of the analog circuit's response without using numeric integration. The PLL output provides a signal described in the spectral domain allowing to combine the PLL model with advanced RF simulation methods. The realized approach was implemented using a mixed System Verilog/C++ description and was used for verification purpose. The model correctness was verified against a reference transistor level simulation. The accuracy and speed-up was calculated and compared against other approaches.","PeriodicalId":404022,"journal":{"name":"2020 27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125004853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Elattar, M. Saber, A. Ammar, G. Khabiri, R. Ghannam, M. Khalil, A. Khalil
{"title":"Optimization of key parameters towards high performance perovskite solar cells","authors":"A. Elattar, M. Saber, A. Ammar, G. Khabiri, R. Ghannam, M. Khalil, A. Khalil","doi":"10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294855","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we report important findings regarding underestimated parameters for the synthesis and fabrication of high-performance perovskite solar cells. These parameters include the effect of Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) etching, FTO cleaning, the number of compact TiO2 (c-TiO2) layer, the number of mesoporous TiO2 (m-TiO2) layers and the aging time before Ag deposition. Our results demonstrated that etching of FTO substrate with Zn/HCl is an essential step and has a major effect on the solar cell's open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Furthermore, we demonstrate new and improved protocols for the complete cleaning of FTO substrates. Despite the use of sonication and plasma etching in previous cleaning techniques, SEM images clearly show black clouds in the samples, which may be due to residual Zn particles in the FTO grooves. Thus, a soft toothbrush was used with detergent before sonication to detach the remaining Zn particles. In addition, the optimum number of spin coated layers of compact and mesoporous TiO2 precursors was investigated. We found that one mesoporous and two compact TiO2 layers were required to obtain a homogenous pinhole-free compact layer. Consequently, we demonstrate that using these optimized device fabrication procedures, a high efficiency of 17.96% for 6 mol% Co3+-doped TiO2 solar cells can be obtained in comparison to 16.98% for pristine TiO2-based cells. Such cells are particularly important for wearable applications that require a small area and a high energy.","PeriodicalId":404022,"journal":{"name":"2020 27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129516046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. A. Rosa, Guilherme Paim, L. G. Rocha, E. Costa, S. Bampi
{"title":"Exploring Efficient Adder Compressors for Power-Efficient Sum of Squared Differences Design","authors":"M. M. A. Rosa, Guilherme Paim, L. G. Rocha, E. Costa, S. Bampi","doi":"10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294915","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores the 8–2 adder compressor in the addition tree of the Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) architecture. SSD is a distortion metric of the motion estimation in the High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. Distortion metrics are the most time-consuming operations of the encoder. SSD hardware architecture consists of a sum tree that accumulates the calculation of the partial values. The addition tree in the SSD opens an opportunity of exploring efficient addition schemes such as the combinations of efficient adder compressors. The SSD architectures herein presented are compared regarding power dissipation using real video sequences. Our work overcomes the state-of-the-art related work which they investigated different SSD hardware architectures concluding that employing the synthesis tool arithmetic operators are the best choice to reduce the power dissipation. According to our results, we reveal that the SSD employing the 8–2 hierarchical adder compressor combined with a Brent-Kung adder in the final sum saves on average 29.4 % of total power dissipation, when comparing with SSD implemented using the arithmetic operators automatically selected by the synthesis tool.","PeriodicalId":404022,"journal":{"name":"2020 27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129593179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Random Number Generator Based on Metastabilities of Ring Oscillators and Irregular Sampling","authors":"Halil İbrahim Kaysici, Salih Ergün","doi":"10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294910","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new random number generator based on irregular sampling of regular waveform method. Wakeup uncertainty and shut-down metastabilities are used as additional entropy source to the timing jitter of the ring oscillators. To be able to change the stability of the rings, multiplexer and inverter are added to each ring. 34 ring oscillators are combined with an XOR gate to generate an irregular waveform that is used as the sampling clock. The select input of the multiplexers are controlled with a control unit. A signal that causes stability change with 2MHz frequency is routed from controller to the select inputs of the multiplexers and the XORed signal is masked with 2MHz, and 10ns width pulses. To reduce the speed of sampling, the irregular signal is downsampled that results in a final throughput of 13kbps. All of the circuits mentioned in this paper is implemented in Xilinx Zynq7000 FPGA. Furthermore, NIST 800–22 test suite is used to test the designed RNGs. Data sets of one million bits are collected with a UART module. All the NIST 800–22 test suite requirements are satisfied with the new proposed RNG.","PeriodicalId":404022,"journal":{"name":"2020 27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131242761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Meli, E. Gatt, O. Casha, I. Grech, J. Micallef
{"title":"A Novel Low Power and Low Cost IoT Wireless Sensor Node for Air Quality Monitoring","authors":"Matthew Meli, E. Gatt, O. Casha, I. Grech, J. Micallef","doi":"10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294927","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design, implementation and testing of a novel low power and low cost air quality monitoring IoT wireless sensor node. The novel device incorporates low cost air quality sensors and features LoRa communication capabilities. Dynamic power management is employed to minimize power consumption to SOA levels. The sensor node draws a current of 3.2 μA in sleep mode, while the average active current demand is 62 mA. The average power consumption per hour is 537 μAh and the proposed device can be operated for up to 14 months using a 6000 mAh battery.","PeriodicalId":404022,"journal":{"name":"2020 27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115927000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangpeng Liang, Asfand Tanwear, Yuchi Liu, Mengyao Yuan, A. Vučković, R. Ghannam, H. Heidari
{"title":"Live Demonstration: Gaze Following System for Noninvasively Testing Electronic Contact Lens","authors":"Xiangpeng Liang, Asfand Tanwear, Yuchi Liu, Mengyao Yuan, A. Vučković, R. Ghannam, H. Heidari","doi":"10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294953","url":null,"abstract":"This demonstration presents a gaze following system for facilitating the experiments with a contact lens. An animatronic eye model that can follow the user's gaze in real-time was developed. The hardware and software design are introduced in this work. This system can assist the development of electronic contact lens by providing an intermedia for noninvasively conducting the experiment before the product is safe for human experiments. The self-developed contact lens can be worn on the eye model instead of an animal/human eye. The eye model can perform the same eye movement as the user in real-time without any physical contact. This allowed to indirectly collect experimental human data and to evaluate the performance of the contact lens, which is helpful to reduce time and cost of contact lens experiment.","PeriodicalId":404022,"journal":{"name":"2020 27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121357451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Model For Expanding A Class Of Networks Preserving Original Network Properties Using The Indefinite Impedance Matrix","authors":"Cristian E. Onete, M. Onete","doi":"10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294961","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a model for communication network expansion that preserves most of the original network properties, notably planarity, cubicity, Hamiltonicity. These properties are important to be preserved because the newly found network remains in the same class as the original one and the total overhead remains as low as possible. The implications on the algorithms involved in the process are presented, too. The extension is based on the network model using the Indefinite Impedance Matrix.","PeriodicalId":404022,"journal":{"name":"2020 27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122280833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time myoelectric control with an Arduino","authors":"Hancong Wu, M. Dyson, K. Nazarpour","doi":"10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294944","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the design of a low-cost myoelectric system on the Arduino platform for real-time prosthetic control. It successfully controlled a commercial hand prosthesis to complete multiple grips with the direct controller and the abstract controller with a 250 ms response time.","PeriodicalId":404022,"journal":{"name":"2020 27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116456370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Curious Result concerning Spur Generation in MASH 1-1-1 based Fractional-N CP-PLLs with a Second-Order Nonlinearity","authors":"Valerio Mazzaro, Michael Peter Kennedy","doi":"10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294900","url":null,"abstract":"Spurious tones appear in the output phase noise spectrum of a fractional-N frequency synthesizer when nonlinearities are present in the system. Significant design efforts have been made for minimizing the nonlinearities and, therefore, the spurious effects on the phase noise performance. However, little attention has been given to the connection between the type of nonlinearity and the spur pattern it produces. In this paper we observe the reaction of a MASH 1-1-1 based fractional-N CP-PLL to different nonlinearities, focusing on an interesting effect that occurs when the system presents a second-order nonlinearity.","PeriodicalId":404022,"journal":{"name":"2020 27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125226487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Divide-by-2 Injection-Locked Frequency Divider Using 3-path Transformer-Coupled Resonator","authors":"W. Lai, S. Jang, Yu-Wen Huang, M. Juang","doi":"10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS49266.2020.9294876","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a wide-band divide-by-2 injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) in the 0.18 µm CMOS process. The ILFD uses transformer-coupled resonator and the secondary inductor can be turned on/off by a MOSFET switch. The free-running ILFD oscillation frequency is tuneable via switch gate bias, and the resonator looks like a resistively tuned resonator. The secondary is made of a three-path inductor and the primary is made of a symmetric three-turn single-path inductor. The single-band-like locking range is from 4.9 GHz to 12.71 GHz at the power consumption of 8.72 mW and the locking range is from 6.1 GHz to 12.1 GHz at the power consumption of 2.6 mW. The circuit also shows two non-overlapped locking ranges, which is attributed to the transformer-based 4th order resonator. Overlapped locking range technique is used to design wide-band transformer-based ILFD.","PeriodicalId":404022,"journal":{"name":"2020 27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125340380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}