{"title":"Speech: A skeleton for thought? Comment on “The sound of thought: Form matters – The prosody of inner speech” by Hamutal Kreiner, Zohar Eviatar","authors":"Anne-Lise Giraud","doi":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":403,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Life Reviews","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 274-277"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reasonings on multiple strategies in differential systems","authors":"Nisrine Outada","doi":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":403,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Life Reviews","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 248-249"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thoughts and thinkers: On the complementarity between objects and processes","authors":"Chris Fields , Michael Levin","doi":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We argue that “processes versus objects” is not a useful dichotomy. There is, instead, substantial theoretical utility in viewing “objects” and “processes” as complementary ways of describing persistence through time, and hence the possibility of observation and manipulation. This way of thinking highlights the role of memory as an essential resource for observation, and makes it clear that “memory” and “time” are also mutually inter-defined, complementary concepts. We formulate our approach in terms of the Free Energy Principle (FEP) of Friston and colleagues and the fundamental idea from quantum theory that physical interactions can be represented by linear operators. Following Levin (2024) <span><span>[30]</span></span>, we emphasize that memory is, first and foremost, an interpretative function, from which the idea of memory as a record, at some level of accuracy, of past events is derivative. We conclude that the distinction between objects and processes is always contrived, and always misleading, and that science would be better served by abandoning it entirely.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":403,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Life Reviews","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 256-273"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On evolution of non-binding commitments","authors":"Zhao Song, The Anh Han","doi":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":403,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Life Reviews","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 245-247"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mathematical models on Alzheimer's disease and its treatment: A review","authors":"Mitali Maji, Subhas Khajanchi","doi":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease is a gradually advancing neurodegenerative disease. According to the report by “World Health Organization (WHO)”, there are over 55 million individuals currently living with Alzheimer's disease and other dementia globally, and the number of sufferers is increasing every day. In absence of effective cures and preventive measures, this number is predicted to triple by 2050. The disease's origin is still unclear, and also no such treatment is available for eradicating the disease. Based on the crucial factors that are connected to the disease's progression, the authors developed several types of mathematical models. We review such mathematical models that are utilized to better understand the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Section-wise, we categorize the mathematical models in terms of different components that might be responsible for Alzheimer's disease. We explain the mathematical models with their descriptions and respective conclusions. In addition to mathematical models, we concentrate on biological aspects of the disease and possible therapeutic targets. We explore the disease's biological basis primarily to understand how proteins, glial cells, cytokines, genes, calcium signaling and oxidative stress contribute to the disease. We go through several treatment targets that might stop the progression of the disease or at least slow it down. We present a table that summarizes the mathematical models in terms of their formalisms, highlighting key components and important remarks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":403,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Life Reviews","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 207-244"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From affective landscape to social meaning: The role of vitality forms in the APER model. Comment on “The affective grounds of the mind. The Affective Pertinentization (APER) model” by Salvatore et al. 2024","authors":"Cuccio Valentina, Montalti Martina","doi":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":403,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Life Reviews","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 205-206"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone Battaglia , Philippe Servajean , Karl J. Friston
{"title":"The paradox of the self-studying brain","authors":"Simone Battaglia , Philippe Servajean , Karl J. Friston","doi":"10.1016/j.plrev.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plrev.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paradox of a brain trying to study itself presents a conundrum, raising questions about self-reference, consciousness, psychiatric disorders, and the boundaries of scientific inquiry. By which means can this complex organ shift the focus of study towards itself? We aim at unpacking the intricacies of this paradox. Historically, this question has been raised by philosophers under different frameworks. Thanks to the development of novel techniques to study the brain on a functional and structural level - as well as neurostimulation protocols that can modulate its activity in selected areas - we now possess advanced methods to progress this intricate inquiry. Nonetheless, the broader implications of the brain's pursuit of understanding itself remain unclear to this day. Ultimately, the need to employ both perception and introspection has led to different formulations of consciousness. This creates a challenge, as evidence supporting one formulation does not necessarily support the other. By deconstructing the paradoxical nature of self understanding - from a philosophical and neuroscientific point of view - we may gain insights into the human brain, which could lead to improved understanding of self-awareness and consciousness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":403,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Life Reviews","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"It's about time: Rhythmic foundations of inner thought","authors":"Bo Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":403,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Life Reviews","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 194-196"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Evers , M. Farisco , R. Chatila , B.D. Earp , I.T. Freire , F. Hamker , E. Nemeth , P.F.M.J. Verschure , M. Khamassi
{"title":"Preliminaries to artificial consciousness: A multidimensional heuristic approach","authors":"K. Evers , M. Farisco , R. Chatila , B.D. Earp , I.T. Freire , F. Hamker , E. Nemeth , P.F.M.J. Verschure , M. Khamassi","doi":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of artificial consciousness requires conceptual clarity to navigate its theoretical and empirical challenges. This paper introduces a composite, multilevel, and multidimensional model of consciousness as a heuristic framework to guide research in this field. Consciousness is treated as a complex phenomenon, with distinct constituents and dimensions that can be operationalized for study and for evaluating their replication. We argue that this model provides a balanced approach to artificial consciousness research by avoiding binary thinking (e.g., conscious vs. non-conscious) and offering a structured basis for testable hypotheses. To illustrate its utility, we focus on \"awareness\" as a case study, demonstrating how specific dimensions of consciousness can be pragmatically analyzed and targeted for potential artificial instantiation. By breaking down the conceptual intricacies of consciousness and aligning them with practical research goals, this paper lays the groundwork for a robust strategy to advance the scientific and technical understanding of artificial consciousness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":403,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Life Reviews","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 180-193"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}