Balkan Arastrma Enstitusu Dergisi-Journal of Balkan Research Institute-JBRI最新文献

{"title":"Book Review: John Athanasios Mazis, Athanasios Souliotis-Nikolaidis and Greek Irredentism A Life in the Shadows, Lexington Books, London 2022, 195 sayfa, ISBN 9781793634443.","authors":"Ferhan KIRLIDÖKME MOLLAOĞLU","doi":"10.30903/balkan.1134237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30903/balkan.1134237","url":null,"abstract":"John Athanasios Mazis, Athanasios Souliotis-Nikolaidis and Greek Irredentism A Life in the Shadows, Lexington Books, London 2022, 195 sayfa, ISBN 9781793634443.","PeriodicalId":40369,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Arastrma Enstitusu Dergisi-Journal of Balkan Research Institute-JBRI","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69742743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADMINISTRATION, POPULATION, AND SETTLEMENT IN KYUSTENDIL (ILICA), RADOMIR AND SIRISNIK TOWNSHIPS THROUGH THE END OF THE 17TH CENTURY","authors":"Musa Sezer","doi":"10.30903/balkan.1134139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30903/balkan.1134139","url":null,"abstract":"Kyustendil is a city in southwestern Bulgaria today. Bulgaria is located at the intersection of Serbia and Macedonia. Kyustendil was a Balkan city captured by Sultan Murad the First in 1372 without entering into war. Konstantin, who declared his allegiance to the Ottomans, ruled the location. Shortly after he died in 1395, the city became starboard of Rumelia. The 15th century was when Kyustendil started to gain its identity as a Turkish-Islamic city. Significant developments in architecture and public works took place in this century. This situation was influential in the city’s population growth as understood from the cadastral record books of the 15th century.\u0000By the end of the 16th century, the cadastral record books were replaced by the extraordinary tax record books. Although these record books do not provide as much descriptive data on the demographical and settlement characteristics as the cadastral record books for historical research, they give light to the present time in these areas by their various qualities such as exquisiteness and conciseness. In this study, the villages and neighborhoods connected to Kyustendil (Ilıca), Radomir, and Sirisnik counties under the Kyustendil Starboard in 1695 will be evaluated in terms of population-based on extra-ordinary tax record books. These record books will be compared with the book dated 1668, later found to be the previous extraordinary tax record book. Muslim and non-Muslim populations living in the neighborhoods and villages connected to the city center will be identified, and a comparative ratio will be specified between these two items. In this way, the religious structure of the population will be outlined. Civil and military people of residential areas will be identified and their rate in the city’s total population will be analyzed.","PeriodicalId":40369,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Arastrma Enstitusu Dergisi-Journal of Balkan Research Institute-JBRI","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69742922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review:Osmanlı Avrupa’sında Bölücülük Cereyanı: Makedonya Komitacılarının Anıları, Derleyen, Çeviren ve Notlandıran: Mümin İsov, Ergün Hasanoğlu, Selenge Yayınları, İstanbul 2021, 280 sayfa, ISBN 978-625-7459-34-1.","authors":"Bülent Akyay","doi":"10.30903/balkan.1134230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30903/balkan.1134230","url":null,"abstract":"Osmanlı Avrupa’sında Bölücülük Cereyanı: Makedonya Komitacılarının Anıları, Derleyen, Çeviren ve Notlandıran: Mümin İsov, Ergün Hasanoğlu, Selenge Yayınları, İstanbul 2021, 280 sayfa, ISBN 978-625-7459-34-1.","PeriodicalId":40369,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Arastrma Enstitusu Dergisi-Journal of Balkan Research Institute-JBRI","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69743098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATIONS ON THE EDUCATIONAL HISTORY AND BUILDINGS OF EDIRNE PROVINCE IN 19TH-20TH CENTURY WITH ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS","authors":"Merve ARSLAN ÇİNKO, Z. Eres","doi":"10.30903/balkan.1134137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30903/balkan.1134137","url":null,"abstract":"In the 19th century, when modernization began in the Ottoman Empire, education became one of the most important issues in which innovations were applied. In addition to legal and administrative changes, modern educational institution started to open throughout the country. Although modern schools were opened mostly in central settlements, many schools were opened in the central and rural settlements of the Edirne province which is adjacent to the capital Istanbul. In this article, it is aimed to analyze the development of modern education in Edirne province and the educational institutions which were opened in the 19th-20th century. Based on archive documents, the existing and opened new schools were identified, and the quality of education and the physical condition of the schools were revealed. In addition, the educational buildings that have survived to the present day from Edirne, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ, and Gallipoli Peninsula, which are within the borders of today's Turkey and were included in the Edirne province in the 19th century, were determined through the field studies. Another aim of this study is to reveal the changes in buildings and evaluate their architectural style.","PeriodicalId":40369,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Arastrma Enstitusu Dergisi-Journal of Balkan Research Institute-JBRI","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69742593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"YUNANİSTAN VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SEÇİM BARAJLARININ PARTİ SİSTEMİ PARÇALANMASI VE ORANTISIZ TEMSİLİYETE ETKİSİ","authors":"Burcu Taşkin, Berfin Cakin","doi":"10.30903/balkan.1134203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30903/balkan.1134203","url":null,"abstract":"Nationwide electoral thresholds (NETs) are known to secure a parliamentary majority for the largest party, reduce party system fragmentation, and prevent extreme, minor, or non-core group parties from entering parliament. By comparing Greece and Turkey, which have applied NETs since 1993 and 1983 respectively, this article investigates why some of these aims have not been achieved. Using time-series data since 1950, we show that neither country needed to introduce NETs to establish single-party governments. Rather, they were implemented primarily to prevent non-core groups from entering parliament as a party. This caused disproportional legislative representation, especially in Turkey. Although Turkey’s NET initially reduced the raw number of parties contesting elections, this effect weakened in the long run and, in contrast to the literature, increased party system fragmentation. Finally, extreme parties have benefitted from Greece’s fragmented party system since 2012 whereas electoral engineering in Turkey has failed to prevent non-core groups from passing the electoral threshold.","PeriodicalId":40369,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Arastrma Enstitusu Dergisi-Journal of Balkan Research Institute-JBRI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47626656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OSMANLI HÂKİMİYETİNDE VARNA KAZÂSI: İSKÂN, DEMOGRAFİ VE İDARÎ YAPIYA DAİR BAZI BİLGİLER (16-18. YÜZYIL)","authors":"İ. Çakir","doi":"10.30903/balkan.1134136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30903/balkan.1134136","url":null,"abstract":"Varna is located on a coastal plain situated on a bay having the same name in the Northeastern part of Bulgaria. Founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century BC, Varna was incorporated into the Danubian Bulgarian State (First Bulgarian State) in the late 8th century and converted to Christianity during the second half of the 9th century. Varna fell under Byzantine rule in 971 and this lasted for a long time. As from 13th century, Turkic people migrating to Anatolia were settled in Varna located within the borders of the Bulgarian State. Some of them returned to Anatolia and some others stayed in Dobruja and adopted Christianity. The descendants of these Christian Turks, called the Gagauz, founded an independent beylik in Dobruja. The capital city of this beylik was Kaliakra (Keligra) and was later moved to Varna. Varna and its surrounding region fell under Ottoman rule during the reign of Sultan Murad I. The Crusade of Varna 1444 between the Ottoman Empire and the Crusaders took place around the vicinity of Varna. After 1444, the Yoruk groups were settled in the villages destroyed by their abandoned populations. Administratively, Varna was subjected to the sanjak of Silistra from the 16th century. The data in the cadastral record books (tahrir defteri) indicate that the population of Varna increased throughout the 16th century. Under Ottoman rule, Varna was one of the commercially important centers on the route leading to Istanbul from the North of the Black Sea. Offering chances in terms of economic and commercial activities, Varna attracted both Muslims and non-Muslims. Varna was raided many times by the Prince of Wallachia Michael in the late 16th century, and by the Cossacks in the 17th century. The archive records show that the population of the district of Varna was reconstructed following these raids. New districts (Hacıoğlu Pazardzhik and Balchik) were founded around Varna in the second half of the 16th century. In the 17th century, the number of the villages and the population of Varna decreased due to not only the Cossack attacks but also these newly founded districts. This paper provides information regarding Varna coming under the Ottoman domination, its administrative organization, its settlement, and demographics. This information will contribute to the history of the district Varna’s administration, socio-economics, settlement, and demographics.","PeriodicalId":40369,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Arastrma Enstitusu Dergisi-Journal of Balkan Research Institute-JBRI","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69742539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN OTTOMAN CASTLE ON THE NORTH BORDER IN THE XVITH CENTURY: GIURGIU","authors":"Meryem KAÇAN ERDOĞAN","doi":"10.30903/balkan.1134138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30903/balkan.1134138","url":null,"abstract":"Tuna Nehri’nin sol kıyısında bulunan Yergöğü, tarihi Mezolitik Çağ’a kadar uzanan ve birçok medeniyetin hüküm sürdüğü bir yerleşim birimidir. Tarihî süreçte çeşitli isimlerle anılan ve bir liman kasabası özelliği gösteren Yergöğü, Çelebi Mehmed döneminde Osmanlı hâkimiyetine girdikten sonra karşı kıyıdaki Rusçuk (Yergöğü Beri Yaka) şehrine kıyasla “Yergöğü Öte Yaka” olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Fetihten XVI. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar başta Eflâk olmak üzere Haçlı ordusunun birçok saldırı ve yağmasına maruz kalan Yergöğü’de muhafız sayısı arttırılmış, varoşta yaşayan Müslüman ve Hıristiyan reayaya kale koruması ve tamiri karşılığında bazı muafiyetler verilmiştir.\u0000Osmanlı’nın kuzey sınırında bulunan Yergöğü, Osmanlı-Eflâk ilişkilerinden de doğrudan etkilenmiştir. Çatışmalar sırasında hedef noktası haline gelen kasaba ve kalede, barış zamanlarında da hudut ihlalleri, eşkıyalık, firarlar, vergi meseleleri ve hırsızlık gibi asayişi bozan olaylar yaşanmıştır. Bununla birlikte Yergöğü’nün Eflâk ile sınırdaş olması ve Tuna’daki konumu kasabayı siyasî, askerî, ticarî ve ekonomik açıdan önemli hale getirmiştir. Büyük bir iskeleye, canlı bir ticarete ve hareketli bir pazara sahip olan Yergöğü, aynı zamanda İstanbul’un iaşesinin temin edilmesinde bir geçit görevi üstlenmiştir.\u0000Bu makalede, kale ve iskeleye sahip bir Osmanlı kasabası olarak Yergöğü’nün XVI. yüzyıldaki askerî, demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik durumuna dikkat çekilmiştir. Söz konusu dönemde kasabayla ilgili yerli literatürdeki bilgilerin yok denecek kadar az olması böyle bir çalışmanın yapılmasında etkili olmuştur. Konunun çerçevesinin oluşturulmasında ağırlıklı olarak tahrir kayıtları, mühimme defterleri ve kanunnameler kullanılmış, kronikler, seyahatnameler, yerli ve yabancı eserler yoluyla dönemin olay örgüsü tamamlanmaya çalışılmıştır.","PeriodicalId":40369,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Arastrma Enstitusu Dergisi-Journal of Balkan Research Institute-JBRI","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69742801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“ALBANIAN” AS A TERM: ALBANIANS IN THE 18TH CENTURY OTTOMAN THINKING","authors":"Uğur Bayraktar","doi":"10.30903/balkan.1134135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30903/balkan.1134135","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the discourse Ottoman statesmen and scholars had developed for the Albanian communities, which was exclusively identified by their ethnic identities. Based mostly on the contexts the 18th century Ottoman chronicles associated with Albanians, it focuses on the stereotypes and pejorative expressions in the discourses the Ottoman establishment brought about in addressing the Albanians. Consideration of the term “Albanian,” which was mostly associated with pejorative adjectives particularly in the Orientalist discourses of the 19th century, in a different context in the discourses of the Ottoman elites before the age of colonialism is quite intriguing. This article examines the Khaldunist perspective of these elites in association with their mostly negative opinions about the mobile populations of the empire. At the same time, it sheds light on the changing aspects of this association in the aftermath of the rebellions in the 18th century and whether this association became permanent in the dominant Ottoman discourse. Focusing on themes such as Ottoman public order, army, and confessional considerations, this paper deals with how the term “Albanian” was associated with the discourse of Ottoman elite and investigates whether the latter constituted the base of the pejorative discourses of the 19th century that targeted the Albanian communities with “modern” and “orientalist” motives.","PeriodicalId":40369,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Arastrma Enstitusu Dergisi-Journal of Balkan Research Institute-JBRI","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69742467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIRBİSTAN CUMHURİYETİ’NDE BİLGİ TOPLUMU VE BİLGİ GÜVENLİĞİ","authors":"Vida Vilić, Mehmet Emin Erendor","doi":"10.30903/balkan.1134224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30903/balkan.1134224","url":null,"abstract":"Cybercrime or the computer-related crime is the most widespread form of transnational crime, which is in its social and economic characteristics significantly different from traditional and organized crime. Cyberspace offers countless opportunities for economic development, social interaction, and political cooperation, but also provides tools for illegal surveillance, personal data collection, influencing democratic processes, committing crimes, and exchanging numerous ways and methods of warfare. This paper provides an overview of legal documents in the Republic of Serbia related to information security, data security, and deviant behavior in cyberspace, with special emphasis on the analysis of the Strategy for Information Society Development and Information Security in the Republic of Serbia for 2021-2026. Using the criminological approach, this paper focuses on legislation concerning existing criminal offenses related to cybercrime and various forms of other criminal activities, but also on the international cooperation that Serbia achieves in the field of information and cyber security.","PeriodicalId":40369,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Arastrma Enstitusu Dergisi-Journal of Balkan Research Institute-JBRI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48356598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRIMINAL LAW AND PRACTICES IN THE 18TH CENTURY OTTOMAN EMPIRE: THE CASE OF RUSE DISTRICT","authors":"Duygu Tanidi","doi":"10.30903/balkan.1134140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30903/balkan.1134140","url":null,"abstract":"This criminal history study of the Ruse (Rusçuk) district of the Ottoman Empire is based on analyzing court records (sharia register). In the study, which aims to reveal a small section of the application of the punishment concept in the Ottoman provinces, the court provisions were determined. These provisions were classified according to the type of punishment, and then inferences were made. The study comprised three parts, excluding the introduction and conclusion. At first, the history and socio-economic conditions of the city of Ruse were examined. In the second part, the Ottoman period practices of Islamic criminal law were investigated with a general and theoretical perspective. In this way, it was desired to create a basis for the third party. The last part looks at the punishments given to the criminals in Ruse in a variety of ways, based on the court records from the 18th century. \u0000Writing about the crime and punishment history of the Ottoman Empire is especially important because the negatives are memorable and show more clearly what should have happened. In addition, the comparison possibility with today is another sign that shows the need for more studies on the subject.","PeriodicalId":40369,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Arastrma Enstitusu Dergisi-Journal of Balkan Research Institute-JBRI","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69742975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}