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Alexander Volck’s Anti-Moravian Polemics as Enlightenment Anxieties 亚历山大·沃尔克的反摩拉维亚论战是启蒙运动的焦虑
IF 0.6
Journal of Moravian History Pub Date : 2014-11-13 DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.2.0103
Derrick R. Miller
{"title":"Alexander Volck’s Anti-Moravian Polemics as Enlightenment Anxieties","authors":"Derrick R. Miller","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.2.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.2.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Alexander Volck’s Das entdeckte Geheimnis der Bosheit der Herrnhutischen Secte (The Revealed Secret of the Malice of the Herrnhuter Sect, 1748-1751) associates the Moravians with developments in philosophy and religion, such as Spinozism and historical Bible criticism, that had been emerging in Europe since the seventeenth century. As a result, Volck’s attacks on the Moravians reveal his anxieties about the challenges to traditional sources of secular and religious authority that the Enlightenment presented.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"14 1","pages":"103 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.2.0103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Slavery, Ethnic Identity, and Christianity in Eighteenth-Century Moravian Antigua 18世纪摩拉维亚安提瓜的奴隶制、种族认同与基督教
IF 0.6
Journal of Moravian History Pub Date : 2014-11-12 DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.2.0153
J. Catron
{"title":"Slavery, Ethnic Identity, and Christianity in Eighteenth-Century Moravian Antigua","authors":"J. Catron","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.2.0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.2.0153","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns over the maintenance of ethnic affiliation and conflicts with ethnic and subethnic rivals sparked interest in Christian conversion among enslaved Africans and people of African descent on the British West Indian island colony of Antigua in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Some enslaved Antiguans who identified themselves with larger ethnic groups joined Moravian mission churches to reunite with long-lost kinsmen and women and to try to find a culturally similar mate; those Afro-Antiguans who were not affiliated with large ethnic groups perceived the Moravian Church as a haven that protected them from menacing Old World antagonists. Together, Afro-Antiguans from hundreds of ethnic and subethnic backgrounds used the Moravian Church to create a new Afro-Atlantic Christianity.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"14 1","pages":"153 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.2.0153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comenius, the Unity of Brethren, and Correspondence Networks 夸美纽斯，兄弟的团结和通信网络
IF 0.6
Journal of Moravian History Pub Date : 2014-05-20 DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.1.0030
V. Urbánek
{"title":"Comenius, the Unity of Brethren, and Correspondence Networks","authors":"V. Urbánek","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.1.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.1.0030","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Comenius’s extensive correspondence network of which 560 sent and received letters survive. The first aim is to look closer at the letters from the early period of Comenius’s life with special regard to his position within the communication network of the Unity of Brethren and to his fundraising activities. Second, it shows how Comenius’s correspondence network expanded beyond the structures of the Unity and became a part of the international network of learned correspondence. It also discusses how this network was used in favor of the Unity and how it provided a new type of patronage for the Brethren. It demonstrates that Comenius’s didactic and pansophic agenda was often in conflict with his ecclesiastical duties and sometimes with the efforts of his correspondence partners. Finally, the article focuses on two examples of personal correspondence networks of two important recipients of Comenius’s letters: Petr Figulus and Mikuláš Drabík. Both of them were ministers of the Unity, both were close to Comenius, and their networks were built with his help but with very different purposes.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"14 1","pages":"30 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.1.0030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
German Pietists between the Ancient Unity of Brethren and the Moravian Church: The Case of Württemberg Pastor Georg Konrad Rieger (1687–1743) and His History of the Bohemian Brethren 德国虔信派之间的古代团结的兄弟和摩拉维亚教会:<s:1>腾堡牧师格奥尔格·康拉德·里格尔(1687-1743)和他的波西米亚兄弟的历史的案例
IF 0.6
Journal of Moravian History Pub Date : 2014-05-20 DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.1.0051
Siglind Ehinger
{"title":"German Pietists between the Ancient Unity of Brethren and the Moravian Church: The Case of Württemberg Pastor Georg Konrad Rieger (1687–1743) and His History of the Bohemian Brethren","authors":"Siglind Ehinger","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.1.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.1.0051","url":null,"abstract":"The Duchy of Württemberg was a center of German Pietism in the early eighteenth century. Nevertheless, the establishment of “Moravianism” in Württemberg remained largely controversial. Although Württemberg theologians were strongly attracted to Count Zinzendorf and the settlement of Herrnhut, their connections to Halle were closer. One of the reasons that the Herrnhuters found it difficult to gain a foothold here was the influential Pietist theologian Johann Albrecht Bengel, who had become increasingly opposed to Zinzendorf. This article seeks to exemplify and thus improve the understanding of the divergences among German Protestants concerning Moravianism in the first half of the eighteenth century. It is based on an examination of the Württemberg pastor Georg Konrad Rieger, a colleague of Bengel, and his history of the ancient Unitas Fratrum, written between 1734 and 1740. In this book Rieger advocated a Zinzendorfian understanding of Christianity: that the Christian community is indispensable. Like Zinzendorf, Rieger was convinced that there had always been groups of true believers in a succession without any hiatus.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"14 1","pages":"51 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.1.0051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Use of the "Ancient Unity" in the Historiography of the Moravian Church “古代统一”在摩拉维亚教会史学中的运用
IF 0.6
Journal of Moravian History Pub Date : 2013-11-20 DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.13.2.0109
Craig D. Atwood
{"title":"The Use of the \"Ancient Unity\" in the Historiography of the Moravian Church","authors":"Craig D. Atwood","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.13.2.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.13.2.0109","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how Moravians in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries interpreted the (Bohemian) Unity of the Brethren and the relationship of that church to the Moravian Church, founded in Herrnhut, Germany, in the eighteenth century. Zinzendorf and his contemporaries used the Unity of the Brethren to legitimate the discipline, ministerial orders, and ecumenical endeavors of the Moravian Church. After a brief look at German-Moravian historiography in the nineteenth century, particularly the development of the myth of the \"Hidden Seed,\" we will examine in detail how Moravians in England and North America used the concept of the Ancient Unity to create an American Moravian Church independent of German control. Church historians like Edmund de Schweinitz tried to look past Herrnhut to claim the identity of the Bohemian Brethren as the true identity of the Unitas Fratrum. Ironically, English and American Moravians adopted very little of the doctrine and practice of the Unity of the Brethren even as they claimed the history of that church. In fact, by the time of de Schweinitz the Moravians had abandoned controversial aspects of the church that most clearly connected the Bohemian Brethren to the renewed church, such as pacifism and the refusal to swear oaths.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"13 1","pages":"109 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JMORAHIST.13.2.0109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Moravian Church and the Society of Jesus: American Mission and American Utopia in the Age of Confessionalization 摩拉维亚教会与耶稣会:告解时代的美国使命与美国乌托邦
IF 0.6
Journal of Moravian History Pub Date : 2013-11-20 DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.13.2.0197
M. Křížová
{"title":"The Moravian Church and the Society of Jesus: American Mission and American Utopia in the Age of Confessionalization","authors":"M. Křížová","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.13.2.0197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.13.2.0197","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, missions of the Moravian Church in North America in the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century will be compared with missions of the Society of Jesus that took place in New Spain (Mexico) in the period preceding and parallel with the Moravian ones. Through a detailed study of the goals, methods, and results of the mission projects we can better understand the ideological roots and aims of the two specific religious groups and the general intellectual and political atmosphere in Europe of the early modern period.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"8 1","pages":"197 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JMORAHIST.13.2.0197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Masculinity in the Eighteenth-Century Moravian Mission Field: Contact and Negotiation 18世纪摩拉维亚传教领域的男子气概:接触与谈判
IF 0.6
Journal of Moravian History Pub Date : 2013-05-23 DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.13.1.0027
K. Faull
{"title":"Masculinity in the Eighteenth-Century Moravian Mission Field: Contact and Negotiation","authors":"K. Faull","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.13.1.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.13.1.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Building on earlier work on the history of Moravian masculinity in the more urban centers of Euro-American activity and moving the focus of scrutiny to the mission field of Pennsylvania, this essay asks how the change of place and environment, both natural and cultural, might affect the notions and practices of Moravian masculinity. Through an examination of passages from the Shamokin mission diary, written between 1745 and 1755, the essay suggests that the place and ethos of Moravian life, even as it was conducted in a small mission deep in the backcountry, also revealed gender norms and behaviors that adhered not only to those of colonial Euro-Americans but also resonated with the practices and norms of masculinity found within the Native American cultures with which the Moravians interacted. The combination of Sifting Period language, bridal mysticism, and a stress on the visual provides Moravians and Native American people in the mid-century with more commonalities in the practices of masculinity than were later assumed in the New Republic.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"13 1","pages":"27 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JMORAHIST.13.1.0027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70849991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Selection and Destruction in Moravian Archives Between 1760 and 1810 1760年至1810年间摩拉维亚档案的选择与销毁
IF 0.6
Journal of Moravian History Pub Date : 2012-11-13 DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.12.2.0170
P. Peucker
{"title":"Selection and Destruction in Moravian Archives Between 1760 and 1810","authors":"P. Peucker","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.12.2.0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.12.2.0170","url":null,"abstract":"Although Moravians have traditionally been considered good record-keepers, substantial amounts of documents were destroyed during the decades between 1760 and 1810. When the Unity Archives was founded as the central archives for the worldwide Moravian Church in 1764, a group of specially appointed “revisers” sifted through the material and destroyed documents that did not fit the reinvented image of the Moravian Church of the post-Zinzendorf era. By controlling the content of their archives, Moravians tried to manipulate the historiography of their church. As this article will argue, the work of the Moravian archivist was not invisible; on the contrary, the archivist edited the surviving record.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"12 1","pages":"170 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JMORAHIST.12.2.0170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
“The Hallensians are Pietists; aren’t you a Hallensian?”: Mühlenberg’s Conflict with the Moravians in America “海伦教徒是虔信派;你不是哈伦教徒吗?:米<s:1>伦伯格与美国摩拉维亚人的冲突
IF 0.6
Journal of Moravian History Pub Date : 2012-05-15 DOI: 10.5325/jmorahist.12.1.0047
Craig D. Atwood
{"title":"“The Hallensians are Pietists; aren’t you a Hallensian?”: Mühlenberg’s Conflict with the Moravians in America","authors":"Craig D. Atwood","doi":"10.5325/jmorahist.12.1.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.12.1.0047","url":null,"abstract":"The rivalry between two centers of German Pietism, Halle and Herrnhut, shaped the development of both the Lutheran Church and the Moravian Church in America. The conflict began in Germany, but Pennsylvania became a major battleground in the 1740s. After years of sometimes violent controversy, the Moravians and Lutherans eventually developed as separate denominations. The most famous episode was the encounter on December 30, 1742, between Zinzendorf and Henry Melchior Mühlenberg, but that was just the first skirmish. Mühlenberg continued to oppose the Moravians after Zinzendorf’s departure for Europe. In Philadelphia, Lancaster, and Tulpehocken Mühlenberg fought publicly with the Moravians over who would supervise Lutheran ministry in America. Mühlenberg intervened in several Lutheran congregations that had pastors friendly to the Moravians and asserted his own authority over them. Both sides used law courts and the press to assert their claim to be considered true Lutherans and convince the public that the others were heterodox “Pietists.”","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"12 1","pages":"47 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/jmorahist.12.1.0047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Pietism and Community in Europe and North America, 1650–1850 (review) 欧洲和北美的敬虔主义和社区，1650-1850(回顾)
IF 0.6
Journal of Moravian History Pub Date : 2012-05-15 DOI: 10.1163/ej.9789004186361.i-368
A. Roeber
{"title":"Pietism and Community in Europe and North America, 1650–1850 (review)","authors":"A. Roeber","doi":"10.1163/ej.9789004186361.i-368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004186361.i-368","url":null,"abstract":"The final volume to appear from a series of three conferences begun in 2004, this set of essays reflects Fred van Lieburg’s attempt to “push scholarship on Pietism beyond narrow national and disciplinary boundaries” (preface). In eighteen chapters, the authors range over an expansive field providing examinations of Pietist understandings of the church that included experimental communities; efforts to found Jewish Christian communities; internalized notions of a hidden church; explicitly institutional reforms of the existing confessional traditions, and Pietism understood as a socially and politically critical indictment of existing Protestant customs and traditions. Three of the essays touch on the Moravian Brethren. The Moravians, however, appear without the authors tackling the question of whether and how Moravians should be identified as Pietists—a label they themselves seem to have rejected during the internal battles within this variegated reform movement. Wolfgang Breul’s essay singles out marriage as a key (and neglected) form of community in the Pietist writing of the major figures Philipp Jakob Spener, Gottfried Arnold, and Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf. Both the Halle and Württemberg varieties of Pietism appear for examination, as do Swedish and Norwegian examples. Germanspeaking Pietists understandably enjoy pride of place on both sides of the Atlantic, but somewhat surprisingly, Dutch and Swedish Pietists in the North American context do not appear. Recent emphasis on the importance book reviews","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"12 1","pages":"104 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64594476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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