{"title":"Generating approximative minimum length paths in 3D for UAVs","authors":"Flemming Schøler, A. L. Cour-Harbo, M. Bisgaard","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2012.6232120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2012.6232120","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the challenge of planning a minimum length path from an initial position to a final position for a rotorcraft. The path is found in a 3-dimensional Euclidean space containing a geometric obstacle. We base our approach on visibility graphs which have been used extensively for roadmap based path planning in 2-dimensional Euclidean space. Generalizing to 3-dimensional space is not straightforward, unless a visibility graph is generated that, when searched, will only provide an approximate minimum length path. Our approach generates such a visibility graph that is composed by an obstacle graph and two supporting graphs. The obstacle graph is generated by approximating a mesh around the configuration space obstacle, which is build from the convex hull of its work space counterpart. The supporting graphs are generated by finding the supporting lines between the initial or final position and the mesh. An approximation to the optimal path can subsequently be found using an existing graph search algorithm. The presented approach is suitable for fully known environments with a single truly 3-dimensional (not merely \"raised\" 2-dimensional) obstacle. An example for generating a nearly minimum length path for a small-scale helicopter operating near a building is shown.","PeriodicalId":402389,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127764445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust road boundary estimation for intelligent vehicles in challenging scenarios based on a semantic graph","authors":"Chunzhao Guo, Takayuki Yamabe, S. Mita","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2012.6232149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2012.6232149","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a stereovision-based detection and tracking approach of the drivable road boundary, designed for navigating an intelligent vehicle through challenging traffic scenarios, and increment road safety in such scenarios with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). It is based on a formulation of stereo with homography associated with a semantic graph constructed from the traffic scene. Under this formulation, we employ the Viterbi algorithm and propose a sophisticated measure of the probability of the state sequence in the semantic graph to find the most likely boundary between the road and non-road regions. The results are then refined by a post-processing step with the RANdom Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm to obtain the locations and curvatures of the lateral road boundaries. Experimental results on a wide variety of typical but challenging real road scenes have substantiated the effectiveness as well as robustness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":402389,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium","volume":"282 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134154887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Aeberhard, A. Rauch, Marcin Rabiega, N. Kaempchen, T. Bertram
{"title":"Track-to-track fusion with asynchronous sensors and out-of-sequence tracks using information matrix fusion for advanced driver assistance systems","authors":"M. Aeberhard, A. Rauch, Marcin Rabiega, N. Kaempchen, T. Bertram","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2012.6232115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2012.6232115","url":null,"abstract":"Future advanced driver assistance systems will contain multiple sensors that are used for several applications, such as highly automated driving on freeways. The problem is that the sensors are usually asynchronous and their data possibly out-of-sequence, making fusion of the sensor data non-trivial. This paper presents a novel approach to track-to-track fusion for automotive applications with asynchronous and out-of-sequence sensors using information matrix fusion. This approach solves the problem of correlation between sensor data due to the common process noise and common track history, which eliminates the need to replace the global track estimate with the fused local estimate at each fusion cycle. The information matrix fusion approach is evaluated in simulation and its performance demonstrated using real sensor data on a test vehicle designed for highly automated driving on freeways.","PeriodicalId":402389,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133039557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probabilistic trajectory prediction with Gaussian mixture models","authors":"J. Wiest, M. Höffken, U. Kressel, K. Dietmayer","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2012.6232277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2012.6232277","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of driver assistance, an accurate and reliable prediction of the vehicle's trajectory is beneficial. This can be useful either to increase the flexibility of comfort systems or, in the more interesting case, to detect potentially dangerous situations as early as possible. In this contribution, a novel approach for trajectory prediction is proposed which has the capability to predict the vehicle's trajectory several seconds in advance, the so called long-term prediction. To achieve this, previously observed motion patterns are used to infer a joint probability distribution as motion model. Using this distribution, a trajectory can be predicted by calculating the probability for the future motion, conditioned on the current observed history motion pattern. The advantage of the probabilistic modeling is that the result is not only a prediction, but rather a whole distribution over the future trajectories and a specific prediction can be made by the evaluation of the statistical properties, e.g. the mean of this conditioned distribution. Additionally, an evaluation of the variance can be used to examine the reliability of the prediction.","PeriodicalId":402389,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114119384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ralph Grewe, A. Hohm, Stefan Hegemann, S. Lüke, H. Winner
{"title":"Towards a generic and efficient environment model for ADAS","authors":"Ralph Grewe, A. Hohm, Stefan Hegemann, S. Lüke, H. Winner","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2012.6232146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2012.6232146","url":null,"abstract":"In research projects for future ADAS functions a dense environment model covering free space is often necessary, which is obtained by complementing or replacing a common object list by a grid based environment model. The drawbacks of grid based models are their demands for memory, computational resources and bandwidth. This paper analyzes the influence of data compression on accuracy and resource demand of a grid. By using a simple compression scheme the transmission bandwidth and the required computational resources can be significantly reduced.","PeriodicalId":402389,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114784723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Siordia, Isaac Martín de Diego, C. Conde, E. Cabello
{"title":"Accident reproduction system for the identification of human factors involved on traffic accidents","authors":"O. Siordia, Isaac Martín de Diego, C. Conde, E. Cabello","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2012.6232126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2012.6232126","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel accident reproduction system for the identification of the main human factors involved on traffic accidents is presented. The system is based on a wireless in-vehicle Electronic Data Recorder that could be easily installed in any vehicle's cabin for the monitoring of the three basic elements of traffic safety: driver, road and vehicle. The system has been tested in a highly realistic truck simulator with a group of professional drivers. The data, collected with the system at the moments before traffic accidents, were used to generate a novel database that was carefully analyzed by a group of traffic safety experts. The validation process shows the reliability of the developed system as a tool for the identification of the main causes of the monitored traffic accidents.","PeriodicalId":402389,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116733254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating driving behavior by a smartphone","authors":"H. Eren, Semiha Makinist, E. Akin, Alper Yilmaz","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2012.6232298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2012.6232298","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an approach to understand the driver behavior using smartphone sensors. The aim for analyzing the sensory data acquired using a smartphone is to design a car-independent system which does not need vehicle mounted sensors measuring turn rates, gas consumption or tire pressure. The sensory data utilized in this paper includes the accelerometer, gyroscope and the magnetometer. Using these sensors we obtain position, speed, acceleration, deceleration and deflection angle sensory information and estimate commuting safety by statistically analyzing driver behavior. In contrast to state of the art, this work uses no external sensors, resulting in a cost efficient, simplistic and user-friendly system.","PeriodicalId":402389,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117172786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Localization in digital maps for road course estimation using grid maps","authors":"M. Konrad, Dominik Nuss, K. Dietmayer","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2012.6232218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2012.6232218","url":null,"abstract":"Grid maps are a reliable representation of the environment. Based on a generic grid map definition, this paper presents three formulations: a laser scanner based occupancy grid, a video grid based on the Inverse Perspective Mapping and a novel feature grid, where lane marking features are used. Furthermore, this contribution presents a road course estimation based on such grid maps which yields estimations above 120m. Therefore, a digital road map (comparable to maps of GPS navigation systems) is matched to a grid map. Thus, a global position in the road map is estimated. Finally, a novel evaluation approach is presented to quantize the results of this grid map based map match.","PeriodicalId":402389,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116228013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pedestrian candidates generation using monocular cues","authors":"Diego Cheda, D. Ponsa, Antonio M. López","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2012.6232117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2012.6232117","url":null,"abstract":"Common techniques for pedestrian candidates generation (e.g., sliding window approaches) are based on an exhaustive search over the image. This implies that the number of windows produced is huge, which translates into a significant time consumption in the classification stage. In this paper, we propose a method that significantly reduces the number of windows to be considered by a classifier. Our method is a monocular one that exploits geometric and depth information available on single images. Both representations of the world are fused together to generate pedestrian candidates based on an underlying model which is focused only on objects standing vertically on the ground plane and having certain height, according with their depths on the scene. We evaluate our algorithm on a challenging dataset and demonstrate its application for pedestrian detection, where a considerable reduction in the number of candidate windows is reached.","PeriodicalId":402389,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123522534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Manual convoying of automated urban vehicles relying on monocular vision","authors":"P. Avanzini, B. Thuilot, P. Martinet","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2012.6232128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2012.6232128","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with platooning navigation in the context of innovative solutions for urban transportation systems. More precisely, the case of a manually driven vehicle leading a convoy of automated ones is considered. Vehicle localization relies solely on monocular vision: a 3D map of the environment is built beforehand from reference video sequences, and then used to derive vehicle absolute location from the current camera image. The 3D vision map presents however distortions w.r.t. a metric world, but these latter can be shown to be locally homogeneous. They can then be accurately corrected via a 1-dim. function evaluated with a nonlinear observer relying on odometric data. Next, the platoon reference trajectory is built as a B-Spline curve extended on-line via local optimization from the successive locations of the lead vehicle, and a global decentralized control strategy, supported by intervehicle communication, is designed to achieve accurate platooning with no oscillation within the convoy. Experimental results, carried out with two urban vehicles, demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":402389,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium","volume":"55 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113961258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}