ParticuologyPub Date : 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.025
Yuchen Liu, Chuanhao Wang, Shiyuan Li
{"title":"Comparative study of deep learning techniques for predicting bubble dynamics in a gas-solid fluidized bed","authors":"Yuchen Liu, Chuanhao Wang, Shiyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic characteristics of bubbles are pivotal for the design and optimization of gas-solid fluidized beds. Common techniques for bubble analysis include direct photography, Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT), and X-ray imaging, among others. Traditional image segmentation methods often struggle to accurately process a substantial number of digital images within complex background environments. This paper presents a deep learning-based semantic segmentation methodology specifically designed for bubble segmentation in gas/iron ore powder fluidized beds and assesses the segmentation performance of five distinct deep learning models. Based on training outcomes, the DeepLabV3+ model utilizing a ResNet50 backbone demonstrates superior performance. Building upon this optimal deep learning model, various kinetic characteristics of bubbles, including equivalent diameter, size distribution, aspect ratio, bed voidage, and rising velocity, are analyzed at different fluidization numbers (n = 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3) within a quasi-2D fluidized bed setup. The findings indicate that the fluidization number significantly affects the evolution of bubble size and equivalent diameter in the fluidized bed; notably, the average equivalent diameter tends to increase with height along the bed. Conversely, the influence of fluidization number on both bubble size distribution and aspect ratio distribution is relatively minor. As both fluidization number and height from the sieve plate increase, bed voidage rises while fluctuations intensify considerably. Furthermore, bubble rising velocity correlates positively with increasing equivalent diameter; however, it remains independent of fluidization number for bubbles of identical sizes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 28-41"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.024
Liyuan Zhang, Zuyang Zhang, Daoyin Liu
{"title":"Growth characteristics of TiO2 films synthesized by fluidized bed atomic layer deposition","authors":"Liyuan Zhang, Zuyang Zhang, Daoyin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiO<sub>2</sub> is an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor with excellent physical properties and promising applications in photocatalysis and photo-electrocatalysis. Fluidized bed atomic layer deposition (FBALD) is an effective method for depositing TiO<sub>2</sub> films, offering precise thickness control. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the growth characteristics and properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> films on SiO<sub>2</sub> particles prepared via FBALD, with a focus on the impact of cycle number, temperature, precursor concentration, pulse time, purge time and precursor component. The TEM images indicate that continuous and uniform TiO<sub>2</sub> films are formed at 120 °C and 180 °C, whereas dispersed nanoscale TiO<sub>2</sub> islands are observed at 240 °C and 300 °C. By increasing precursor supply or reducing N<sub>2</sub> purge time, the film growth rate significantly increases. Additionally, increasing the precursor pulse time has a stronger effect on film growth, while decreasing the N<sub>2</sub> purge time leads to more uneven film thickness growth. The core-shell structured SiO<sub>2</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysts synthesized using TiCl<sub>4</sub> and TTIP as precursors both exhibit good photocatalytic degradation performance that, under 300 W xenon lamp irradiation for 60 min, the degradation efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) reaches 95 % and 90 %, respectively. This performance surpasses that of catalysts prepared by solution impregnation method under the same mass fraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.021
Cheng Chi , Zhisong Ou , Chunkan Yu , Wang Han , Dominique Thévenin
{"title":"A generalized memory effect in fluid/flame dynamics due to unsteady events","authors":"Cheng Chi , Zhisong Ou , Chunkan Yu , Wang Han , Dominique Thévenin","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Though being an important mechanism in systems involving unsteady fluid flows (e.g., fluids interacting with moving structures, particles in turbulent flows, turbulent flame propagation), the memory effect is usually not considered and has not attracted much attention. The present study tries to highlight the importance of this memory effect based on a variety of examples. In this manner, the three key components characterizing the memory effect can be identified in a general manner. The central mechanism controlling the memory effect is then investigated by studying the flow over a shrinking particle. It is found that the Damköhler number comparing the timescales of the unsteady (trigger) event and of the feedback on the flow directly determines the intensity of the memory effect; a smaller Damköhler number results in a more intense effect. Finally, the flow induced by a flapping wing is considered to demonstrate that the memory effect could be also beneficial for practical applications, for instance for biomimetic locomotion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 232-241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144252909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.023
Chao Xu , Xiang Li , Zihan Liu , Du Zhou , Zhixiong Wang , Likuan Chen , Jian Yang , Lianyong Zhou , Yongzhi Zhao
{"title":"A resolved LBM-DEM coupling method for fluid-solid interaction of non-spherical particles based on the super-ellipsoid model","authors":"Chao Xu , Xiang Li , Zihan Liu , Du Zhou , Zhixiong Wang , Likuan Chen , Jian Yang , Lianyong Zhou , Yongzhi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a resolved coupling method based on the LBM (Lattice Boltzmann Method and DEM (Discrete Element Method) for simulating fluid-particle interactions involving non-spherical particles. The super-ellipsoid model is applied so that a wide range of particle shapes can be represented with high accuracy and efficiency, enabling a detailed investigation of shape effects on flow behavior. The proposed method is validated by comparing simulation results with experimental data on the sedimentation of both spherical and non-spherical particles. Then a fluidized bed system containing different kinds of non-spherical particles is studied and the influence of particle shape on the flow field is investigated. The result further confirms the accuracy and robustness of this method in complex multiphase flow systems. Compared to existing LBM-DEM coupling approaches, this study is more accurate and efficient for simulating flow fields involving particles with smooth surfaces, offering a powerful tool for the study of multiphase systems with regular non-spherical particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 252-266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.022
Jin-Han Park, Han-Joon Kim, Se-Jin Yook
{"title":"Design and performance evaluation of a paint particle dispersion reduction device for airless spraying","authors":"Jin-Han Park, Han-Joon Kim, Se-Jin Yook","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airless spray painting, widely adopted for its efficiency and cost-effectiveness, generates a significant amount of airborne paint particles that contribute to air pollution and pose health risks to workers and nearby residents. In this study, a paint particle dispersion reduction device (PPDRD) utilizing an axial cyclone separator and a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter was designed and evaluated to minimize the dispersion of paint particles during airless spray applications. The cyclone separator captured larger paint particles through centrifugal force, while the HEPA filter effectively removed smaller particles that escaped the cyclone separator. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to optimize key design parameters, including the number and height of guide vanes and suction flow rate. Lab-scale and field experiments demonstrated that the PPDRD significantly reduced airborne paint particles, with respirable particles (4 μm or smaller) decreasing by 50–80 % depending on particle size, while maintaining coating quality. These findings indicate that the PPDRD effectively mitigates the inhalation risks associated with hazardous paint aerosols, providing a practical solution for improving workplace safety and environmental compliance. This technology is expected to be widely applicable in exterior building painting, shipbuilding, and the automotive industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 242-251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2025-05-31DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.019
Xueqing Liu , Zhengming Yi , Jianlan Li , Luyi Lu , Linqiang Cui , Qi Tao
{"title":"Influence of sand size on motion and transport characteristics of wind-sand two-phase flow in desert environments","authors":"Xueqing Liu , Zhengming Yi , Jianlan Li , Luyi Lu , Linqiang Cui , Qi Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of sand size on motion and transport characteristics of wind-sand two-phase flow is a crucial theoretical foundation for addressing global desertification issues. This study conducts a detailed investigation into the influence of sand size on air flow characteristics, sand motion behaviors, and transport distributions in the wind-sand two-phase flow using TFM method. The results indicate that the existence of sand particles decreases the air velocity, widens the air dynamic range and intensifies the momentum transfer process. When the sand size increases from 10 to 400 μm, the dynamic height and maximum turbulent kinetic energy decrease by 79.3 % and 82.1 %, respectively. The initial saltation velocities in the horizontal and vertical directions are predominantly distributed within the ranges of −0.1 to 0.7 m/s and 0–0.6 m/s, respectively. The initial horizontal and vertical saltation velocities corresponding to the peak proportion increase with decreasing sand size. The horizontal and vertical distributions of sediment transport flux conform to the exponential decline law, reflecting the magnitude, distribution and extent of sand transportation into the desert flow field. When the sand diameter rises from 100 to 400 μm, the maximum values of sediment transport flux in vertical and horizontal directions increase by 1.83 times and 1.01 times, respectively, while the transport indexes decrease by 5.6 % and 10.3 %, respectively. The variation characteristics of sediment transport range differ between low and high air friction velocities as sand size increases. These research findings provide important theoretical guidance for the control of desertification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 104-116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2025-05-31DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.020
Saeid Karimi , Bahram Behnajady
{"title":"Experimental and DFT simulation of collective dissolution of anode/cathode of Li−ion batteries using a ChCl−PTSA deep eutectic solvent","authors":"Saeid Karimi , Bahram Behnajady","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the cumulative dissolution of the anode and cathode (A/C) mixture of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) was evaluated within a temperature range of 40–100 °C and a time range of 20–1440 min. The results showed that Ni, Co, Li, Mn, and Cu metals dissolved with over 90 % efficiency at 100 °C and 1440 min, while Al dissolved at only about 26 % under the same conditions. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses confirmed these findings, with minimum residual compounds of Ni, Co, Li, Mn, or Cu detected. FTIR confirmed ChCl−PTSA DES formation and its after-leaching stability, allowing reuse with minimal changes for sustainable metal recovery. The ChCl–PTSA DES exhibits a symmetric σ−profile (centered at σ = 0 ± 0.2 e/Å<sup>2</sup>), COSMO-identified nucleophilic/electrophilic regions (+0.214 to −0.158 e/Å<sup>2</sup>), and Mulliken charges (O: −0.47 to −0.65, Cl: −0.39, H: +0.06 to 0.15). These density functional theory (DFT) simulations highlight charge complementarity, stabilizing the eutectic structure via sulfonic oxygen, chloride, and ammonium group interactions. According to DFT simulation for pure and containing metal ions DES, the ChCl−PTSA exhibits a 3.87 eV HOMO−LUMO gap, enabling efficient metal leaching. Co(II) (2.29 eV gap) and Mn(II) (0.56 eV) show higher stability than higher oxidation states, while Li(I) widens the gap (3.97 eV), enhancing stability. DFT simulations reveal distinct COSMO surface charge distributions for metal ions in ChCl–PTSA, categorized as: (1) highly polarized (Co(II): +0.3253 to −0.2158 e/Å<sup>2</sup>; Mn(II): +0.3769 to −0.2496 e/Å<sup>2</sup>), exhibiting strong charge separation and high reactivity; (2) moderately polarized (Ni(II): +0.2240 to −0.2061 e/Å<sup>2</sup>; Al(III): +0.2547 to −0.2192 e/Å<sup>2</sup>), balancing reactivity and stability; and (3) minimally perturbed (Li(I): +0.2485 to −0.1861 e/Å<sup>2</sup>; Cu(I): +0.3233 to −0.1876 e/Å<sup>2</sup>), showing stable charge delocalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 217-231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144252908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2025-05-30DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.018
Manomita Mollick , Laura Santamaria , Ziliang Wang , Pablo Comendador , Maite Artetxe , Enara Fernandez , Martin Olazar , Gartzen Lopez
{"title":"Steam cracking of polypropylene for the production of light olefins in a fountain confined conical spouted bed reactor","authors":"Manomita Mollick , Laura Santamaria , Ziliang Wang , Pablo Comendador , Maite Artetxe , Enara Fernandez , Martin Olazar , Gartzen Lopez","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an alternative approach for plastic waste valorization in a fountain confined conical spouted bed reactor. The study evaluates the application of an upgraded spouted bed design for the steam cracking of polypropylene (PP) at 750 °C, focusing on high value added products. The highly efficient cracking process results in a high gas yield of 80.9 wt%. This stream is composed of H<sub>2</sub>, CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> paraffins and C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> olefins, with the latter reaching a total yield of 49.2 wt%. Among the light olefins, propylene (21.8 wt%) and ethylene (16.5 wt%) are the most relevant. Interestingly, a remarkable yield of the valuable BTX fraction was obtained, 14.0 wt%, with benzene being the predominant compound. The reactor configuration and excellent control of process conditions enhanced light olefins yield by β-scission and radical mechanism, promoting the formation of light hydrocarbons, as well as minimizing secondary oligomerization and reforming reactions. This study is a proof of the viability of steam cracking in a fountain confined spouted bed reactor for converting PP into valuable chemical intermediates, as well as the viability of this technology for industrial application in waste plastic valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 206-216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2025-05-30DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.013
Haonan Ji , Zhaohua Wang , Tie Qu , Xianzhou Song , Biliang Tang , Yijiang Li , Lifeng Ma
{"title":"Grinding mechanism of wet vertical spiral stirred mill based on DEM-CFD: Role of grinding sphere motion","authors":"Haonan Ji , Zhaohua Wang , Tie Qu , Xianzhou Song , Biliang Tang , Yijiang Li , Lifeng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The grinding sphere is the main ultra-fine grinding medium for the vertical spiral stirred mill, and its motion characteristics have a significant impact on grinding efficiency. A DEM-CFD model of an experimental mill was established, and the accuracy was verified through experiment. The motion characteristics of grinding spheres were systematically analyzed from four aspects: motion trajectory, velocity, force and energy. The results showed that the motion trajectories of the grinding spheres at the cylinder bottom are the shortest, which can be defined as the inert spheres. The trajectory length increases continuously as the height increases in the cylinder, while it increases first and then decreases with the increase of the radial distance. The velocity of grinding spheres near the agitator blade is the highest, while it is lowest at the cylinder wall. By comparing the total, radial, tangential and axial velocities, it was found that its motion mode is mainly tangential motion around the axis, and the axial and radial velocities are very small. The kinetic energy distribution of the grinding spheres is basically the same as the total velocity. The normal collision force of the grinding sphere is 6 times of the tangential collision force, but the tangential collision energy is about 1.4 times of the normal collision energy. Last, five grinding zones were established to characterize the contribution of grinding spheres inside the cylinder to the grinding efficiency. These results will help to understand the grinding mechanism and provide theoretical guidance for the structural design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 151-163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.016
Haozhi Jie , Fabian Herz , Xiaoyan Liu
{"title":"Analysis of the residence time distribution in rotary kilns and the effect of particle sizes","authors":"Haozhi Jie , Fabian Herz , Xiaoyan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a mathematical model based on the segregation-induced ring-core structure was developed to predict the residence time and axial velocity of particles of different sizes within a rotary kiln. Validation experiments were conducted using a pilot-scale rotary kiln with bidisperse particle systems comprising particle sizes of 0.7 mm, 2 mm, and 4 mm. The entire process was recorded using video analysis, which enabled the tracking of tracer particle movement from the inlet to the outlet. Based on the recorded data, the average axial velocity for each particle size across different kiln regions was determined. At the outlet, the tracer particles were analyzed using statistical methods and diffusion theory, allowing for the calculation of the residence time distribution (RTD), mean residence time (MRT), variance, axial dispersion coefficient (<em>D</em><sub><em>z</em></sub>), and Peclet number (<em>Pe</em>). The experimentally obtained MRT exhibited strong agreement with the predictions of the mathematical ring-core structure model, confirming its accuracy and reliability. Additionally, the influence of particle size and mixing behavior was systematically evaluated by varying particle size ratios and mass concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 193-205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}