{"title":"La belle infidèle orientale","authors":"H. Wang","doi":"10.1075/babel.00197.wan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00197.wan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Le Sūtra du diamant traduit en chinois par Kumārajīva est un des textes les plus répandus du bouddhisme\u0000 mahāyāna, signifiant « Grand Véhicule ». Depuis le XIXe siècle, il fait l’objet d'études interlinguistiques qui comparent les traductions du\u0000 mahāyāna avec les versions sanskrites. Les traductions sont alors considérées comme étant moins fidèles surtout au niveau du texte même.\u0000 Cependant, l’idée de correction littérale est inconciliable avec l’ « original ». Dans cet article, nous abordons d’abord le problème des\u0000 « textes sources » dans la littérature bouddhique, mais aussi celui de la méthode prédominante dans l’étude bouddhique contemporaine. Enfin,\u0000 du point de vue de la traductologie, nous essayons de recadrer la perspective des études comparatives des textes bouddhiques afin\u0000 d'envisager un dialogue interdisciplinaire.","PeriodicalId":40183,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Litteratures Plurielles","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83980571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring processing patterns of Chinese-English sight translation","authors":"Wenchao Su, Defeng Li","doi":"10.1075/babel.00192.su","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00192.su","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The exploration of processing patterns is a major topic within the behavioural-cognitive approach to translation and interpreting studies, but existing studies have mainly focused on processing patterns in written translation while largely overlooking other important modes of interlingual transfer, for example sight translation. To fill this gap, the present study investigated processing patterns in rehearsed sight translation from English into Chinese (L1) and vice versa (L2) using eye-tracking technology and examined how translation directions influenced processing patterns in sight translation. It was found that (1) translation students spent more time but invested less cognitive effort in reading the source text in the preparatory reading than the actual sight translation; (2) the coordination time between comprehension and production in sight translation was similar to that with simultaneous interpreting; (3) the processing patterns in each translation direction also showed distinctive differences in both preparatory reading and reading-speech coordination. This was the first study to investigate processing patterns in sight translation that involved two linguistically distinct languages, i.e., English and Chinese, in both L1 and L2 translation and it is hoped that the findings will generate further research along this line.","PeriodicalId":40183,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Litteratures Plurielles","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74483706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How can we improve the codes of ethics for translators?","authors":"Hyang Lee, S. Yun","doi":"10.1075/babel.00190.yun","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00190.yun","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As early as 1963, the FIT adopted the Translator’s Charter during the Congress at Dubrovnik, stipulating the rights, obligations, and social responsibilities of translators. The document inspired many professional translator associations to draft their own codes. These codes share a common goal: to inform the ethical decision-making of translators. However, some practitioners as well as scholars have questioned their value, pointing to the inconsistencies within or between codes and the difficulty of applying them to real-life situations. They view the codes as declarative documents that lay down the most basic ethical principles. Why does this gap exist between codes and practice? What should be addressed first to answer this question? We believe that these codes tend to overlook a fundamental aspect of translation. Their focus is on the relationship between translators and clients. In other words, gaining the confidence and meeting the expectations of clients are often treated as the most important elements of a code. However, the act of translation, like any human act, is a social one that impacts the community the translator belongs to. Therefore, a translator is a social agent who supports the ethical goal of living better together in a community. How can these codes be improved? To explore this question, we review the discussions of authors who have emphasized the social role of translators and interpreters, including Chesterman, Baker, and Inghilleri. We finally suggest community-related ethical principles and virtues for translator codes of ethics.","PeriodicalId":40183,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Litteratures Plurielles","volume":"136 1","pages":"706-718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86312859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How interpreter-translators are assessed and hired in the market","authors":"Hoonmil Kim","doi":"10.1075/babel.00184.kim","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00184.kim","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In South Korea where there is no national accreditation system for translators and interpreters, it is left to the\u0000 respective employers to devise and administer an assessment instrument for hiring translators and interpreters. While studies\u0000 calling for reliable and valid testing and assessment in the field of Translation and Interpretation Studies have increased during\u0000 the past decade, empirical research on how tests and assessments are carried out in the marketplace, especially outside of Europe\u0000 and North America, remain scarce. This study closely examines how tests and assessments are carried out at hiring by tapping into\u0000 questions of how tests are developed, by whom, and who rates the tests and on which criteria. Then, the soundness of the overall\u0000 hiring process is evaluated based on the six qualities of Bachman and Palmer’s Test Usefulness Model; construct validity,\u0000 reliability, authenticity, interactiveness, impact, and practicality.\u0000 The study found that (1) the hiring process involves three stages of assessment: document screening, interpreting\u0000 and translation tests, and one-on-one interview; (2) the interpreting and translation tests are developed, administered and rated\u0000 by a combined group of experts: professors of interpreting and translation studies; professional interpreters/translators;\u0000 subject-matter experts at the institutions; (3) the overall usefulness of the tests based on Bachman and Palmer’s Test Usefulness\u0000 Model is medium to high; and (4) the employers of interpreter-translators look for qualities beyond interpreting/translation\u0000 skills upon hiring. The implications of the findings on professional translators and interpreters and educators are discussed,\u0000 followed by suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":40183,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Litteratures Plurielles","volume":"193 1","pages":"689-705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83077165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of source text presence on simultaneous interpreting performance in fast speeches","authors":"Shanshan Yang, Defeng Li, V. Lei","doi":"10.1075/babel.00189.yan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00189.yan","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The issue addressed in this study is the impact of source text presence on simultaneous interpreting performance in fast speeches. Fast speech rate is assumed to frustrate even professional interpreters in simultaneous interpreting (SI) without source text (ST) scenario, yet little is known about what happens when the ST is available to interpreters, an interpreting practice of increasing popularity. Previous studies present mixed results concerning the effect of fast speech rate and ST presence on SI quality, which further adds to the complexity of this issue. This study adopted the experimental approach with a qualitative assessment of SI quality, quantisation of output parameters and retrospective interview, to unravel some myths surrounding this issue. The 54 trainees were randomly divided into two groups to interpret two fast Chinese speeches into English under with and without ST conditions. The results found a significant effect of ST presence on the qualitative assessment of interpreting performance, on the interpreting delivery fluency, and on the information completeness. The facilitative effect of ST presence in fast speeches was confirmed while new issues also arise concerning trainee interpreters’ ability in eye-ear coordination.","PeriodicalId":40183,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Litteratures Plurielles","volume":"1 1","pages":"588-603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83582691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reframing news by different agencies","authors":"Weixi Zeng","doi":"10.1075/babel.00172.zen","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00172.zen","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to investigate how news reports are reframed and how a stance is in turn mediated in the process of translation by news agencies in the Chinese mainland and Taiwan when they cover the same news event. A database is built from 50 reports on the US-China trade dispute, half from Reference News (RN), a news agency based in Chinese mainland and the other half from Liberty Times (LT), a media outlet in Chinese Taiwan, as well as their corresponding source texts from foreign news agencies. The results show that the reframing practices in the two agencies vary from each other in framing the US-China trade dispute and the image of China and America. The overall pattern of stance shift in the translation by RN is towards a pro-China/anti-US direction while in the translation by LT towards a more anti-China/pro-US direction. These might be caused by the political stance of the news agency, the media environment and the relationship with the United States.","PeriodicalId":40183,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Litteratures Plurielles","volume":"43 1","pages":"847-866"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86736912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New interpretation and techniques of transcreation","authors":"Chen Du","doi":"10.1075/babel.00178.che","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00178.che","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article points out some “loopholes” in the traditional Chinese-English translation theories, and proposes several transcreation theories to countermeasure the “loopholes”, illustrating non-equivalences. In particular, the article proposes a novel translation/transcreation theory that incorporates the writing field, in both the source and target languages, into the traditional translation field. This is for the purpose of cultural transmission and integration. In addition, the article illustrates the relationship between translation and writing by dissecting the translation/transcreation process into two processes: understanding and writing. Moreover, it suggests that the transcreation field develop some criteria, such as: fidelity, flexibility and creativity, and that all the science, social science and humanities subareas in the transcreation field are categorized according to these criteria. In order to support the transcreation theories and multidisciplinary translation theories proposed in this article, some typical examples and transcreation techniques that push the envelope of existing transcreation theories are provided. This article may shed new light on the limitations of, and possible solutions to, machine translation. It may also answer questions like: “Is understanding unimportant to machine translation?”","PeriodicalId":40183,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Litteratures Plurielles","volume":"86 1","pages":"750-764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85656857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intertitle translation of Chinese silent films","authors":"Jin Haina","doi":"10.1075/babel.00183.jin","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00183.jin","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is a misconception that film translation did not exist in China before 1949. The paper argues that the translation of Chinese silent films was vibrant in the 1920s and the early 1930s. Most of the extant copies of Chinese films from that period have bilingual intertitles. Chinese film companies have two purposes in translating their productions: the potential profit obtained from international audiences, and the desire to change the negative image of Chinese people portrayed in Hollywood films and project a positive image of China. Driven by these two objectives, Chinese film companies placed considerable emphasis on translation quality and hired both Chinese translators and foreign translators to translate their productions.","PeriodicalId":40183,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Litteratures Plurielles","volume":"102 1","pages":"719-732"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90514637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When the classic speaks for children","authors":"Xi Chen","doi":"10.1075/babel.00175.che","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00175.che","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bob Dylan has significantly influenced American song tradition and popular music for more than five decades. As his songs are famous for the creative poetic expressions, they are not merely song lyrics, but also can be regarded as lyric poems. This paper aims to investigate the retranslation of Bob Dylan’s songs in bilingual picture books to explore how his classic musical works are repackaged both verbally and visually for contemporary children. The data for analysis are selected from two bilingual picture books on Dylan’s songs published in China in 2018. Firstly, it conducts a detailed textual analysis of the English and Chinese song lyrics to analyze the appropriate translation strategies and methods for song translation. Secondly, based on visual narratives (Painter, Martin and Unsworth 2013), it analyzes the intersemiotic relations between texts and images in picture books to discuss how the emotions and narratives in Dylan’s songs are visually represented.","PeriodicalId":40183,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Litteratures Plurielles","volume":"11 1","pages":"780-795"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88720369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Translation of visual poetic spatiality","authors":"Yongzhi Liu, C. Tang","doi":"10.1075/babel.00185.liu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00185.liu","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Spatiality in literature has been explored in depth in recent years, but there are still few applications in literary translation studies. With space cognitively defined and the trichotomy of iconic signs adopted, we argue that the written text of a poem has its visual poetic spaces – the scene properties of linguistic signs (letters, character parts, words, lineation etc.) and relational reference of linguistic signs (distance, sequence etc.) – and that these poetic spaces are imagically and diagrammatically iconic. Our analysis of the English-Chinese and Chinese-English translation of poems’ iconic letters, lineation, distance, and sequence reveals that some translators have successfully reproduced the source text’s visual spatiality in the target text, but some have simply ignored or neglected the rendering; visual poetic spaces are semantically important and translatable, and the translation techniques involve direct reproduction and complementary renderings. We argue that, in addition to portraying the linguistic and cultural information found in poems, translators should pay more attention to visual poetic spatiality in their work in order to ensure an accurate portrayal of the original author’s work.","PeriodicalId":40183,"journal":{"name":"Babel-Litteratures Plurielles","volume":"73 1","pages":"796-810"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90574660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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