Biology and Life Sciences Forum最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Remote Sensing Soil Electrical Conductivity from PlanetScope and Ground Measured Data in Wheat and Beet Yields","authors":"U. Avdan, Gordana Kaplan, Zehra Yiğit Avdan, Dilek Küçük Matcı, F. Erdem, Ece Tuğba Mızık, Ilknur Demirtas","doi":"10.3390/iecag2021-09741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-09741","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity is a major threat to the continuity of sustainable agriculture and food provision and the soil structure deterioration. In this context, determining, reducing and managing soil salinity is very important for creating sustainable modern agriculture. Determining soil salinity is generally carried out in the laboratory environment and devices used in land plots. Remote sensing is one of the important methods used for precise estimation and mapping of salinity. With remote sensing technology, soil salinity maps for large areas can be obtained with low cost and low effort. This study aims to compare remote sensing soil electrical conductivity from PlanetScope and ground measured data in wheat and beet fields in the farming areas of Alpu, Turkey. For that reason, electrical conductivity was measured at several points in wheat and beet fields using in-situ measurements and compared with various soil salinity indices from PlanetScope imagery acquired on the same day. Linear regression analysis was carried out to correlate the electrical conductivity data with their corresponding soil salinity spectral index values. The results show a high correlation (R2 = 0.84) between soil salinity in wheat fields and some of the used indices. This study strengthens the idea that soil salinity maps can be obtained fast and accurately for large areas using remote sensing technology.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115068857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon Induces the Biosynthesis of Lignin in Wheat Cultivars Grown under Phosphorus Stress","authors":"Sofía Pontigo, I. Vega, P. Cartes","doi":"10.3390/iecag2021-09706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-09706","url":null,"abstract":"Although silicon (Si) and lignin are accumulated on plant cell walls and both confer resistance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses [1,2], the impact of Si on lignin production in plants grown under phosphorus (P) stress still remains unknown. We evaluated the effect of Si on the lignin accumulation pattern and expression of lignin biosynthesis-related genes in wheat plants grown at different P levels. Two wheat cultivars differing in tolerance to P deficiency (Púrpura-sensitive and Fritz-tolerant) were hydroponically grown in a continuously aerated nutrient solution, as proposed by [3]. Ten days later, plants were treated with P (0, 0.01 or 0.1 mM) in combination with Si (0, 1 or 2 mM). Twenty-one days after the initiation of treatments, plants were harvested and lignin concentration, the lignin distribution pattern and the gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (TaPAL) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (TaCAD) were analyzed in shoots. The lignin concentration of both wheat cultivars did not vary at different P doses; nevertheless, 2 mM Si increased lignin accumulation mainly at either 0 mM P (cv. Púrpura) or 0.01 mM P (cv. Fritz), with a more noticeable effect in Púrpura than in Fritz. This increase was in agreement with the stronger intensity of Safranine O staining observed after Si was added to both cultivars grown at sufficient or deficient P levels and supports previous findings showing the alleviative role of Si by increasing lignin production under stressful conditions [4,5,6,7,8]. Such an effect may be related to either increased hydrogen peroxide production or peroxidase activity in cell walls, as well as to the modulation of the activity and/or gene expression of some key enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis. In this way, we also found that Si induced the expression of lignin biosynthesis genes. The up-regulation of TaPAL was detected in cv. Púrpura grown at low P levels, with a further increase observed in plants treated with Si. Similar to Si addition to P-stressed plants of cv., Fritz caused a 1.5-fold increase in the transcript level of TaPAL. Similarly, the expression level of TaCAD increased 1.7-fold as a result of the Si supply to both cultivars grown at low P. Overall, our results show that Si induced the biosynthesis of lignin in shoots of wheat plants grown under P stress. Acknowledgments. FONDECYT Regular Project N° 1201257 and FONDECYT Postdoctoral Project N° 3200901.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122272417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Surface Temperature Responses to Land Use Land Cover Dynamics (District of Taroudant, Morocco)","authors":"A. Rahimi, Z. Khalil, A. Bouasria, Ikram El Mjiri, Mohammed Bounif","doi":"10.3390/iecag2021-09726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-09726","url":null,"abstract":"Land surface temperature plays an essential role in estimating radiation budgets, in heat balance studies, as a control for climate dynamics and for soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer modeling, and in studying the impact of land use/land cover (LULC) changes at the regional level. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the relationship between land use and land surface temperature (LST), through a landscape dynamics assessment based on multi-source and multi-sensor remote sensing technologies. In particular, the study was performed using Landsat satellite 5 TM, ETM, and OLI 8 data for three different dates (1985, 2001 and 2017) and aimed to assess the effects of land use/land cover changes on the LST distribution in the region of Taroudant, Morocco. Spatial and statistical analysis and comparison of maps generated from remotely sensed data using GIS indicate the existence of different changes in the Taroudant region between 1985 and 2017. These changes are predominantly characterized by an increase in built-up areas and bare ground and a decrease in natural areas (vegetation, forest, etc.). The average temperatures in 1985, 2001 and 2017 in open forests were 32.74 °C, 34.37 °C and 39.17 °C, respectively. The farming greenhouse temperatures were 24.09 °C, 28.5 °C, 35.58 °C, and barren soils 37.14 °C, 38.38 °C, 40.01 °C. The average land surface temperatures of farming lands were 24.31 °C, 27.87 °C and 28.61 °C, respectively. As a result, soil artificialization and everything associated with it, such as greenhouse gas emissions, and abusive consumption of farming and natural land, are likely to be the origin of environmental problems and climate change marked mainly by these changes in surface temperature, irregular rainfall, and unprecedented periods of drought.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132642916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of Oilseed Poppy Breeding and Production Potential of New Varieties","authors":"J. Fejér, Ľuboš Nastišin, Janka Majdanová","doi":"10.3390/iecag2021-09681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-09681","url":null,"abstract":"Breeding of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) for food use of poppy seeds has a long tradition in Slovakia. Conventional breeding methods have brought several successes in the form of registration of new varieties with better yield parameters. In the breeding process, the methods of crossing and selection of offspring were used. In the years 2016–2018, the testing of selected poppy seeds was performed at the Central Control and Testing Institute in Agriculture with the aim to register new varieties. Testing was carried out according to the valid methodology in five localities of the Slovak Republic. The experiments were based on the block method on plots with an area of 10 m2 in four replications. The obtained poppy seed yield and empty dry capsules were compared to the parameters of standard—control varieties (‘Opal’ and ‘Major’). In the year 2019, four new food poppy varieties—‘Azurit’, ‘MS Diamant’, ‘MS Topas’, and ‘MS Zafir’—were registered. On average, the obtained poppy seed yield during three years from five experimental localities ranged from 1.77 t·ha−1 ± 0.16 (‘Azurit’) to 1.90 t·ha−1 ± 0.17 (‘MS Diamant’). For comparison, the average yield of control varieties was 1.76 t·ha−1 ± 0.12. An important additional indication in evaluation of the variety economic value is the yield of empty dry capsules. This ranged from 0.98 t·ha−1 ± 0.12 and 0.98 t·ha−1 ± 0.09 (‘Azurit’ and ‘MS Diamant’, respectively) to 1.09 t·ha−1 ± 0.21 and 1.09 t·ha−1 ± 0.16 (‘MS Topas’ and ‘MS Zafir’, respectively). The average dry capsule yield of control varieties was 0.93 t·ha−1 ± 0.13. Statistical evaluation by analysis of variance did not reveal significant differences in seed yield between the tested and control varieties (p = 0.661). The difference was significant in the yield of dry capsules (p = 0.048). The locality had a statistically significant effect on the yield of seeds and capsules (p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference on the yield of seeds (p = 0.050) and capsules (p < 0.001) was also found in the experimental year. New poppy varieties showed a generally higher seed yield potential compared to standard varieties. Based on the knowledge on soil and climatic conditions of individual experimental localities and test years, it is possible to choose a suitable variety for specific growing conditions in order to be able to maximize its genetic potential.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"549 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123509119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study about the Use of Precision Agriculture Technology Applied to a Zn Biofortification Workflow for Grapevine Vitis vinifera cv Moscatel","authors":"D. Daccak, I. Luís, A. Marques, A. R. Coelho, C. Pessoa, M. M. Silva, M. Simões, F. Reboredo, M. Pessoa, P. Legoinha, M. Brito, J. Kullberg, J. Almeida, P. Campos, J. Ramalho, J. Caleiro, F. Lidon","doi":"10.3390/iecag2021-09663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-09663","url":null,"abstract":"As the human population is growing worldwide, the food demand is sharply increasing. Following this assumption, strategies to enhance the food production are being explored, namely, smart farming, for monitoring crops during the production cycle. In this study, a vineyard of Vitis vinifera cv. Moscatel located in Palmela (N 38°35′47.113′′ O 8°40′46.651) was submitted to a Zn biofortification workflow, through foliar application of zinc oxide (ZnO) or zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) (at a concentration of 60% and 90%—900 g·ha−1 and 1350 g·ha−1, respectively). The field morphology and vigor of the vineyard was performed through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) images (assessed with altimetric measurement sensors), synchronized by GPS. Drainage capacity and slopes showed one-third of the field with reduced surface drainage and a maximum variation of 0.80 m between the extremes (almost flat), respectively. The NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values reflected a greater vigor in treated grapes with treatment SZn90 showing a higher value. These data were interpolated with mineral content, monitored with atomic absorption analysis (showing a 1.3-fold increase for the biofortification index). It was concluded that the used technologies furnishes specific target information in real time about the crops production.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114634455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Multispectral Images to Monitor the Productive Cycle of Vines Fortified with Zinc","authors":"D. Daccak, C. Pessoa, A. R. Coelho, A. Marques, I. Luís, J. Caleiro, M. M. Silva, M. Simões, F. Reboredo, M. Pessoa, P. Legoinha, M. Brito, J. Kullberg, J. Almeida, P. Campos, J. Ramalho, F. Lidon","doi":"10.3390/iecag2021-09665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-09665","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of an exponentially growing population and resource limitations, precision agriculture techniques can improve efficiency in the agricultural sector. This can be achieved by monitorization and quick detection of changes in crops, resulting in smart resource use, waste reduction and maximization of production. In a field located in Palmela (Portugal), three foliar sprays of ZnO and ZnSO4 were performed in Vitis vinifera variety Fernão Pires, for production of biofortified single-vine wine. Field characterization was performed with soil sampling and UAVs (with altimetric measurement sensors), synchronized by GPS. Vegetations indexes and characterization of drainage capacity and slopes were then interpolated with mineral content, monitored with X-ray Fluorescence analysis. Morphologically, the experimental parcel had a slight slope (maximum of 1.10 m) with irrigation and nutrient availability in soil requiring special attention (i.e., just one-third of the parcel had higher capacity to water drainage). NDVI values reflected better physiological values in the N–NE region. Zinc increases in leaves were directly proportional with the applied concentrations in vines sprayed with ZnSO4 and ZnO; the concentration of 60% (900 g ha−1) revealed a greater vigor. In conclusion, the use of smart farm techniques and their crossing with analytical procedures allows the characterization and monitoring of vines, and a higher potential for optimization of wine production.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123121224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring a Calcium Biofortification Workflow in an Orchard of Pyrus communis var. Rocha Applying Precision Agriculture Technology","authors":"C. Pessoa, D. Daccak, I. Luís, A. Marques, A. R. Coelho, J. Caleiro, M. M. Silva, J. Kullberg, M. Brito, P. Legoinha, M. Simões, M. Pessoa, F. Reboredo, M. J. Silva, J. Semedo, I. Pais, A. Rodrigues, P. Campos, J. Ramalho, F. Lidon","doi":"10.3390/iecag2021-09661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-09661","url":null,"abstract":"Smart farming techniques can be used to maximize food production. This can be achieved by the rapid detection of variations in crops and clever use of resources such as water and fertilizers, which might minimize crop stress through direct target practices. In an orchard located in the West region of Portugal (GPS coordinates 39°23′28.997″ N; 9°4′52.483″ W), a Ca biofortification workflow with seven foliar sprays of CaCl2 (4 kg ha−1 and 8 kg ha−1) was used to increase Ca contents in “Rocha” pear trees. During the biofortification process, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, synchronized by GPS, was used to characterize the orchard regarding its morphology (slope) and to monitor trees (NDVI—Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). These data were correlated with Ca content (assessed by X-ray fluorescence analysis) and photoassimilate synthesis (assessed by leaf gas exchange measurements). The orchard showed no major slopes and after four sprays with CaCl2, NDVI values revealed no major differences between the control and sprayed trees. Accordingly, leaf gas exchange parameters did not reveal negative impacts in the photoassimilate synthesis of the sprayed trees, although in the leaves Ca content significantly increased. The use of precision agriculture techniques in correlation with other analyses to assess plant stress is discussed.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128590556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of a Calcium Biofortification Workflow for Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Picasso Using Smart Farming Technology","authors":"A. R. Coelho, I. Luís, A. Marques, C. Pessoa, D. Daccak, J. Caleiro, Maria Brito, J. Kullberg, M. M. Silva, M. Simões, F. Reboredo, M. Pessoa, P. Legoinha, M. J. Silva, A. Rodrigues, J. Ramalho, P. Scotti-Campos, J. Semedo, I. Pais, F. Lidon","doi":"10.3390/iecag2021-09660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-09660","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the rapid growth of the population worldwide and the need to provide food safety in large crop productions, UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) are being used in agriculture to provide valuable data for decision making. Accordingly, through precision agriculture, efficient management of resources, using data obtained by the technologies, is possible. Through remote sensed data collected in a crop region, it is possible to create NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) maps, which are a powerful tool to detect stresses, namely, in plants. Accordingly, using smart farm technology, this study aimed to assess the impact of Ca biofortification on leaves of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Picasso. As such, using an experimental production field of potato tubers (GPS coordinates: 39°16′38,816′′ N; 9°15′9128′′ W) as a test system, plants were submitted to a Ca biofortification workflow through foliar spraying with CaCl2 or, alternatively, chelated calcium (Ca-EDTA) at concentrations of 12 and 24 kg·ha−1. A lower average NDVI in Ca-EDTA 12 kg·ha−1 treatment after the fourth foliar application was found, which, through the application of the CieLab scale, correlated with lower L (darker color) and hue parameters, regarding control plants. Additionally, a higher Ca content was quantified in the leaves. The obtained data are discussed, and it is concluded that Ca-EDTA 12 kg·ha−1 triggers lower vigor in Picasso potatoes leaves.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130243107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Precision Agriculture Be Used in the Management of a Fe and Zn Biofortification Workflow in Organic Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)?","authors":"A. R. Coelho, A. Marques, C. Pessoa, D. Daccak, I. Luís, J. Caleiro, M. Brito, J. Kullberg, M. M. Silva, M. Simões, F. Reboredo, M. Pessoa, P. Legoinha, M. J. Silva, A. Rodrigues, J. Ramalho, P. Scotti-Campos, J. Semedo, I. Pais, F. Lidon","doi":"10.3390/iecag2021-09662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-09662","url":null,"abstract":"It is expected that the population worldwide might exceed 9 billion by 2050, therefore it being imperative to increase food production. As such, the development of smart farming technology is an important key food production issue. In fact, through the use of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), it is possible to create normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps, that can indicate factors, such as health and vegetation vigor. In this context, this study aimed to assess the state of three tomato varieties (beef heart, “chucha”, and apple) in the framework of a biofortification workflow with Fe and Zn, following an organic production mode. In a tomato experimental production field (GPS coordinates—39°41′48.517″ N; 8°35′45.524″ W), six foliar sprayings were carried out during the production cycle, with a mix of Zitrilon (15%) (0.40 and 1.20 kg·ha−1) and Maxiblend (1 and 4 kg·ha−1). NDVI was determined 7 days before the first foliar spraying and showed a maximum of 0.86 (on a scale from −1 to 1). After the 3rd foliar spraying, no changes were detected in the color of freshly harvest tomatoes (assessed through spectrophotometric colorimeter), but an increase of Fe and Zn content was found in the leaves, and of Zn in tomatoes themselves (except in “chucha” variety). The use of precision agriculture techniques in correlation with the other analyses is discussed.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127447883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biopsychological Indicators of Age Significantly Influence the Severity of COVID-19","authors":"T. Berezina, S. Rybtsov","doi":"10.3390/ecb2021-10267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecb2021-10267","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the effect of biopsychological age indicators on the likelihood and severity of COVID-19 disease in adults in 2020. We have examined 447 people aged 35–70 years using methods for assessing biological and psychological age in terms of health indicators and subjective psychological age. Results. The number of cases at the end of 2020 in the group of working adults was 31%, in the risk group 0%; representatives of the risk group complied with the quarantine requirements 1.75 times stricter. Indicators of biopsychological age affected the development of the disease in working adults. The relative biological age of an individual had a direct impact on the risk of infection (p < 0.05), and on the probability of the patient’s death (p < 0.001). The relative psychological age had an inverse effect on the risk of infection at the tendency level (p = 0.06) and the death risk of those infected, (p < 0.001). Calendar age increases the risk of infection and the risk of death at the trend level. Conclusions. Indicators of relative biological and psychological aging of an individual affect the frequency and severity of the disease, while the combination of high indicators of biological age and underestimated psychological age dangerously increases the likelihood of developing severe forms of the disease.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129148196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}