Biology and Life Sciences Forum最新文献

{"title":"Biocontrol Activity of Actinomycetes Strains against Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens of Solanum lycopersicum L. and Daucus carota L.: In Vitro and In Planta Antagonistic Activity","authors":"R. Djebaili, M. Pellegrini, Matteo Bernardi, M. Smati, M. Kitouni, M. del Gallo","doi":"10.3390/IECPS2020-08863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECPS2020-08863","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses due to climate change. Tomato and carrots are important crops that are attacked by various pathogens. Fourteen plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) belonging to the genera Streptomyces sp. and Nocardiopsis sp. were selected for the biocontrol of several common fungal and bacterial pathogens. Antifungal activity was assessed against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) and Rhizoctonia solani (RHS). Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Pseudomonas syringae (PS), Pseudomonas corrugata (PC), Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (PSA), and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum (PCC). In vitro antifungal and antibacterial antagonistic activities were evaluated by the dual culture method. Fungal–bacterial interaction areas were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell-free culture filtrates (CFs) from strains showing good biocontrol potential were produced and investigated for their in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activity. The two most effective strains were also combined in consortium and utilized for In Planta pre-emergence biocontrol assays on both S. lycopersicum and D. carota. For each pathogenic strain, four experimental conditions were compared: CNT (no PGPB/no infection), PGPB (with PGPB/no infection), PGPB+INF (with PGPB/with infection), and INF (no PGPB/with infection). Streptomyces albidoflavus strain H12 and Nocardiopsis aegyptica strain H14 showed good in vitro antifungal (inhibition of >50%) and antibacterial (inhibition halo of >10 mm) activity. The SEM micrographs showed deterioration of fungal filaments and modification of hyphal structures. The CFs of both strains were also able to inhibit FORL and RHS in in vitro growth (minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.2–0.8%). In planta biocontrol assessments showed that the consortium was effective in reducing the infection effects of both fungal and bacterial pathogens. Dual consortium allowed regular plant development compared to the control. These results confirm the usefulness of actinomycetes strains as a biocontrol agent and can therefore be an alternative to chemicals used in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131221415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenial In Vitro γ-ray-Induced Mutagenesis Underlying the Diverse Array of Petal Colours in Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum kitam) cv. “Candid”","authors":"A. Din, Z. Qadri, M. A. Wani, Z. Rather, Shameen Iqbal, S. Malik, P. R. Hussain, S. Rafiq, I. Nazki","doi":"10.3390/iecps2020-08780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08780","url":null,"abstract":"Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorumkitam.) is a leading flower with applied value worldwide. Flower color is an important trait that influences the commercial value of chrysanthemum cultivars. Developing new chrysanthemum cultivars with novel characteristics, such as new flower colors in a time- and cost-efficient manner, is the ultimate goal for breeders. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate flower pigmentation may provide important implications for the rationale manipulation of flower color. To generate a diverse array of flower color mutants in chrysanthemum cv. “Candid” through mutagenesis, in vitro grown micro shoots were exposed to 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-Gy gamma irradiation at 100 Gy per minute, and were evaluated for different parameters. The rhizogenesis parameters decreased with the increase in irradiation dose from 0 Gy to 40 Gy, while a 10-Gy dose proved to record the minimum decline as compared to the control. Survival, leaf size, and the number of leaves on the plant−1 after the eighth week interval also decreased with the increasing trend of gamma irradiation dose but recorded a minimum decline in plants developed from shoots irradiated with a 10-Gy gamma irradiation dose, with respect to the control. The minimum delay in the number of days to floral bud appearance took under 10 Gy, as compared to control. The highest number of flower color mutants were recorded under 10 Gy (light pink, orange pink, white, and yellow). Amountable mutation frequency on the basis of flower color was desirable in plants irradiated with the smallest dose of 10 Gy.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125661917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary Screening of Three Species belonging to Caprifoliaceae Family Traditionally Used as Antidepressants","authors":"L. Cornara, G. Ambu, D. Trombetta, M. Denaro, S. Alloisio, J. Frigerio, M. Labra, Govinda Ghimire, Marco Valussi, A. Smeriglio","doi":"10.3390/iecps2020-08643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08643","url":null,"abstract":"The essential oils (EOs) of the Eurasiatic Valeriana officinalis (Vo), the Himalayan Valeriana jatamansi (Vj) and Nardostachys jatamansi (Nj), are traditionally used to treat neurological disorders. A multidisciplinary approach based on micromorphology, DNA barcoding, EOs characterization as well as evaluation of the biological effects on the nervous system was carried out. Nj showed the highest inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (IC50 67.15 μg/mL), followed by Vo (IC50 127.30 μg/mL) and Vj (IC50 246.84 μg/mL). Microelectrode arrays analyses on rat cortical neurons revealed stronger inhibition by Nj (IC50 18.8 and 11.1 μg/mL) and Vo (16.5 and 22.5 μg/mL), compared with Vj (68.5 and 89.3 μg/mL). These results could be related to the different EOs composition and in particular to the different content of oxygenated compounds such as aldehydes and ketones, which represents a discriminating factor in determining the order of potency. In conclusion, this multidisciplinary approach could be a useful tool to quickly discriminate these three plant species and avoid adulterations.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125633660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}