Biology and Life Sciences Forum最新文献_第4页

In Vitro Characterization of an Anti-HER2 Affibody-Monomethyl Auristatin E Conjugate in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells her2阳性乳腺癌细胞中抗her2修饰物-单甲基耳素E偶联物的体外鉴定

Biology and Life Sciences Forum Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.3390/ecb2021-10277

I. Damiani, S. Castiglioni, V. Rusconi, C. Rossi, A. Corsini, S. Bellosta

{"title":"In Vitro Characterization of an Anti-HER2 Affibody-Monomethyl Auristatin E Conjugate in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells","authors":"I. Damiani, S. Castiglioni, V. Rusconi, C. Rossi, A. Corsini, S. Bellosta","doi":"10.3390/ecb2021-10277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecb2021-10277","url":null,"abstract":"Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are used in anticancer therapy with some limitations due to their molecular properties. An alternative to monoclonal antibodies is the affibody, composed of 58 amino acids, with lower binding affinities, small size, and rapid blood clearance and tissue distribution. We investigate the in vitro efficacy of a novel anti-HER2 ZHER2:2891 affibody conjugated to a cytotoxic drug auristatin E (MMAE) in HER2-positive human cancer cells. An adenocarcinoma cell line SK-BR-3, expressing high levels of HER2, and mammary gland adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231, expressing basal levels of HER2, were treated with ZHER2:2891DCS-MMAE and trastuzumab (as a reference compound). ZHER2:2891DCS-MMAE induced a significant time-dependent toxic effect in SK-BR-3 cells. A 30% reduction in cell viability was found after 10 min exposure at 7 nM with an IC50 of 80.2 nM. On the contrary, MDA-MB-231 cells were not affected by the affibody complex. The HER2-specific cytotoxic effect of the ZHER2:2891DCS-MMAE has also been confirmed by measuring apoptosis by flow cytometry. In SK-BR-3 cells, the increasing concentrations of the conjugated affibody induced cell death after 10 min of treatment with the strongest effect observed after 48 h. Moreover, treatment with ZHER2:2891DCS-MMAE reduced (up to 50%) HER2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in SK-BR-3 cells after 24 h of treatment. In conclusion, the cytotoxic conjugate based on the anti-HER2 affibody and MMAE efficiently interacts with HER2 over-expressing cancer cells, allowing the selective and specific delivery of the cytotoxic payload. The basal HER2 expressing cells are not the most affected probably due to a lower uptake of the drug conjugate. This confirms that affibodies may be used to target HER2 overexpressing cells while sparing normal cells.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128790484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ramucirumab as a Second-Line Treatment for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Ramucirumab作为局部晚期或转移性尿路上皮癌的二线治疗:随机临床试验的荟萃分析

Biology and Life Sciences Forum Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.3390/ecb2021-10275

I. Ilic, Milena Ilic

{"title":"Ramucirumab as a Second-Line Treatment for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials","authors":"I. Ilic, Milena Ilic","doi":"10.3390/ecb2021-10275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecb2021-10275","url":null,"abstract":"Improvement of treatment outcomes in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma represents an important unmet need, since survival remains poor in patients who progress beyond first-line treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ramucirumab, a human monoclonal antibody that binds to VEGFR-2, in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. A literature search of PubMed and CENTRAL was conducted. Outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and the rate of adverse events. Time-to-event outcomes were combined using the generic inverse-variance method and presented as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), while dichotomous events were combined using the Mantel–Haenszel method and presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. All of the analyses were performed in RevMan 5.3. The literature search identified two randomized controlled trials. The addition of ramucirumab to docetaxel resulted in a statistically significant improvement in PFS (HR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.31–0.96, p = 0.030), while the difference was not significant for OS (HR = 0.86, 95%CI 0.71–1.04, p = 0.12). Subgroup analysis by sex, age (<65 and ≥65 years), baseline hemoglobin (<10 g/dL and ≥10 g/dL), presence of visceral metastases and presence of liver metastases did not identify a subgroup in which improvement in OS was present. The difference in treatment-related grade ≥ 3 adverse events was not significant (OR = 1.47, 95%CI 0.95–2.27, p = 0.08). Ramucirumab in addition to docetaxel significantly improved PFS in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Future studies are necessary to identify a subset of patients who might experience a significant improvement in OS.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126035906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Photothermal Membrane for Treatment of Infected Wound: A Proof-of-Concept 用于治疗感染伤口的光热膜的发展:概念验证

Biology and Life Sciences Forum Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.3390/ecb2021-10279

Thi Tuong Vy Phan

引用次数: 0

Covalently Cross-Linked Particles Based on Arabinoxylans: Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity on a Human Colon Cell Line 基于阿拉伯木聚糖的共价交联颗粒:对人结肠细胞系的抗氧化活性和细胞毒性

Biology and Life Sciences Forum Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.3390/ecb2021-10274

Mayra A. Mendez-Encinas, E. Carvajal‐Millan, D. E. Valencia-Rivera, A. Rascón-Chu, H. Astiazarán-García

{"title":"Covalently Cross-Linked Particles Based on Arabinoxylans: Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity on a Human Colon Cell Line","authors":"Mayra A. Mendez-Encinas, E. Carvajal‐Millan, D. E. Valencia-Rivera, A. Rascón-Chu, H. Astiazarán-García","doi":"10.3390/ecb2021-10274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecb2021-10274","url":null,"abstract":"Polysaccharide-based carriers have become attractive materials for the delivery of therapeutics targeting the colon. Ferulated arabinoxylans (AX)—polysaccharides with gelling and antioxidant capacities that can be degraded by colonic microbiota—are ideal candidates for use as oral drug delivery systems [1]. Recently, AX-based microspheres have demonstrated potential applications as colon-targeted drug carriers [2,3]. The non-cytotoxicity of AX-based microspheres is a required property for their use as a colon-targeted biomaterial. This study reports the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity on human colon cells of covalently cross-linked particles based on AX (AXP). The in vitro antioxidant activity of AX before and after gelation was measured using the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+), the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The effect of AX and AXP on the proliferation of human colon cells (CCD 841 CoN) was evaluated using the MTT assay. AXP presented a spherical shape and rough surface with a three-dimensional and porous network. Gelation decreased the antioxidant activity of AX by 61–64%. AX and AXP did not affect proliferation or show any toxic effect on the regular human colon cell line CCD 841 CoN. The results indicate that AXP are promising biocompatible materials with antioxidant activity. AXP could be suitable materials for the development of drug delivery systems targeting the colon.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"13 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132678673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detailed Comparison between the Safety Profiles of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine 氯喹与羟氯喹安全性的详细比较

Biology and Life Sciences Forum Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.3390/ecb2021-10281

M. Kowalska, Łukasz Fijałkowski, A. Nowaczyk

引用次数: 0

TCGA PanCanAtlas Data Analysis Suggests Multiple Possibilities for Personalized Cancer Therapy TCGA PanCanAtlas数据分析提示个性化癌症治疗的多种可能性

Biology and Life Sciences Forum Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.3390/ecb2021-10269

Aleksey V. Belikov, Alexey D. Vyatkin, Danila V. Otnykov, S. Leonov

{"title":"TCGA PanCanAtlas Data Analysis Suggests Multiple Possibilities for Personalized Cancer Therapy","authors":"Aleksey V. Belikov, Alexey D. Vyatkin, Danila V. Otnykov, S. Leonov","doi":"10.3390/ecb2021-10269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecb2021-10269","url":null,"abstract":"Personalized cancer medicine holds promise for the future of cancer treatment. One of the keys to success is the knowledge of exact molecular alterations that drive tumorigenesis in a given patient, so that a suitable targeted therapy can be selected. However, the extent of such alterations, i.e., number of various kinds of driver mutations per patient, is still not known. We have utilized the largest database of human cancer mutations—TCGA PanCanAtlas, multiple popular algorithms for cancer driver prediction and several custom scripts to estimate the number of various kinds of driver mutations in primary tumors. We have found that there are on average 12 driver mutations per patient’s tumor, of which 0.6 are hyperactivating point mutations in oncogenes, 1.5 are amplifications of oncogenes, 0.1 have both in the same oncogene, 1.2 are inactivating point mutations in tumor suppressors, 2.1 are deletions in tumor suppressors, 0.3 have both in the same tumor suppressor, 1.5 are driver chromosome losses, 1 is driver chromosome gain, 2 are driver chromosome arm losses, and 1.5 are driver chromosome arm gains. The number of driver mutations per tumor gradually increased with age, from 6.7 for < 25 y.o. to 14.9 for > 85 y.o., and cancer stage, from 10.0 to 15.2. There was no significant difference between genders (12.0 in males vs. 11.9 in females). The number of driver mutations per tumor varied strongly between cancer types, from 1.2 in thyroid carcinoma to 23.8 in bladder carcinoma. Overall, our results provide valuable insights into the extent of driver alterations in tumors and suggest that multiple possibilities to choose a suitable targeted therapy exist in each patient.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115986105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Harvesting Driving Modes from Environmental Point of View 从环境角度评价采伐驱动方式

Biology and Life Sciences Forum Pub Date : 2021-05-24 DOI: 10.3390/iecag2021-10178

E. Jotautienė, A. Juostas, K. Venslauskas

{"title":"Evaluation of Harvesting Driving Modes from Environmental Point of View","authors":"E. Jotautienė, A. Juostas, K. Venslauskas","doi":"10.3390/iecag2021-10178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-10178","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous automatic technological processes control systems are implemented in modern agriculture equipment. Automation facilitates technological processes. These control systems help customers to save fertilizer and crop protection products as well as fuel. Machinery performance data is collected and stored via the Telemetry system can be sent to a customer’s computer for overview and decision-making for the following years. However, a significant quantity of data is not automatically processed by the Telemetry system. Currently, the final decisions are done on the customer’s feelings. Farmers want to be sure that the equipment they use will not only depend on the technological process but also reduce the negative impact on the environment. The aim of this study is to analyze the combine harvester data collected in the Telemetry system during harvesting at manual and auto-steering modes. The study compares the influence of combine harvester steering modes on GHG emissions and diesel fuel consumption using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) modules. The results show that global warming emission, using automatic steering mode, was reduced by 2.45% as compared to the manual driving mode. The diesel fuel consumption at automatic steering mode was reduced by 9.45% compared to manual driving. The working time analysis has shown a more rational and more accurate technological operation during linear steering mode. In summary, the analysis of the structure work process provides detailed information that can increase the overall productivity of the machine and optimize the work process.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134507450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

GPCRs of Diverse Physiologic and Pathologic Effects with Fingerprints in COVID-19 新型冠状病毒病不同生理和病理作用的指纹pcr

Biology and Life Sciences Forum Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202105.0461.V1

Reza Nejat, A. S. Sadr, David J. Najafi

{"title":"GPCRs of Diverse Physiologic and Pathologic Effects with Fingerprints in COVID-19","authors":"Reza Nejat, A. S. Sadr, David J. Najafi","doi":"10.20944/PREPRINTS202105.0461.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS202105.0461.V1","url":null,"abstract":"G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) belong to a large family of molecules eliciting different responses to a variety of signaling molecules. These receptors participate in various physiologic pathways such as metabolism, growth, immune responses, inflammation, vision, taste, olfaction, neurotransmission and even and pathologic responses including chronic inflammatory and vascular diseases. Receptors contributing to the biological responses of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are members of GPCR family. COVID-19-induced inflammatory cascade has been attributed to acute ACE2 downregulation and imbalance of proinflammatory ACE/AngII/AT1R and anti-inflammatory ACE2/angiotensin (1-7)/Mas axes in favor of the former. Some of the receptors contributing to activities of proteins in RAS including AT1R, AT2R and Mas receptors are members of GPCR family. It is notable that these receptors induce their effects both through G protein and β-arrestin pathway; the former exerts temporary and the latter more sustained effects. In addition to the imbalance of GPCR responses contributing to RAS activities, it has been suggested that SARS-CoV2 pathogenesis might be attributed to the activation of GPCRs or modulating G-proteins involved in adenosine-CFTR regulation system and epithelial Na channel function.This article includes a minireview about the physiological functions of GPCRs and their contribution to COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132133184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effects of Sand Addition to Heavy Saline-Alkali Soil on the Infiltration and Salt Leaching in Hetao Irrigation District, China 河套灌区重盐碱土加砂对入渗和盐淋溶的影响

Biology and Life Sciences Forum Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/iecag2021-10156

Q. Miao, Liying Zhou, J. Gonçalves, I. Duarte, Ruiping Li, Haibin Shi

{"title":"Effects of Sand Addition to Heavy Saline-Alkali Soil on the Infiltration and Salt Leaching in Hetao Irrigation District, China","authors":"Q. Miao, Liying Zhou, J. Gonçalves, I. Duarte, Ruiping Li, Haibin Shi","doi":"10.3390/iecag2021-10156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-10156","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity is a matter of great economic and environmental implications. In Hetao Irrigation District, soil salinity limits crop productivity affecting about 69% of its total cultivated land due to natural soil salinisation and salt accumulation caused by irrigation. The goal of this study is to contribute to the alleviation of this problem through the technique of adding wind-sand to the top layer of heavy saline-alkali soil, and to evaluate and analyse their effects on the infiltration and salt leaching. The experiment was carried out on a laboratory scale. Clayey soil with 21 g/kg of salts collected at the Ulat Front Banner site was used. Wind-sand was added to the top 30 cm layer of this soil. The infiltration tests were carried out in plastic columns with 9 cm diameter and 45 cm high, loaded with a soil and wind-sand mixture (from 2% to 30% ratio), supplied by a constant hydraulic head. Soil water samples were collected for 15 days for quantification of the soil salt leaching. A significant increase of the infiltration rate was observed in the first infiltration hour, rising from 1 to 9 mm/h, in response to the addition of 8% and 30% of sandy particles, respectively. The effects of wind-sand in salt leaching were relevant in the top 20 cm layer. After 7 days of infiltration there was a decrease in the salt content in soils with 4%, 8%, and 30% of sand particles added, of 35%, 55%, and 95%, respectively, in relation to the control. In conclusion, the practice of adding sandy particles to the topsoil is a soil melioration method that allows a positive impact on soil infiltration and salt leaching. An addition of 8% of sand seems to be a good choice, as it favours an increase in salt leaching of about 55% after 7 days. These results are encouraging and appeal to field studies to assess the impact on a field-scale system, and the effects of this soil melioration on irrigation, drainage, and agronomic aspects.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132510337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

LCA of Soybean Supply Chain Produced in the State of Pará, Located in the Brazilian Amazon Biome 巴西亚马逊生物群帕尔<e:1>州大豆供应链的生命周期分析

Biology and Life Sciences Forum Pub Date : 2021-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/iecag2021-10072

T. Brito, R. Fragoso, P. Marques, A. Fernandes-Silva, J. Aranha

{"title":"LCA of Soybean Supply Chain Produced in the State of Pará, Located in the Brazilian Amazon Biome","authors":"T. Brito, R. Fragoso, P. Marques, A. Fernandes-Silva, J. Aranha","doi":"10.3390/iecag2021-10072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecag2021-10072","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Brazil became the biggest soybean producer and exporter in the world. The state of Pará, located in the Brazilian amazon biome, became one of the last agricultural frontiers of the country, which positively increased the soybean cultivation along it is territory. However, it is necessary to know the associated environmental impacts along the supply chain. Thus, we are applying the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology using openLCA software to two producing regions: northeast pole (Paragominas) and south pole (Redenção). Based on the cradle to grave scope, the Recipe Midpoint (H) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methods of the environmental impact categories were used. To calculate the land use change (LUC), we used the BRLUC regionalized model (v1.3). The obtained results showed that LUC was mainly responsible for the global warming potential (GWP) along all soybean supply chains, especially when land occupied with tropical forests was adapted for growing soybeans. Despite the largest distance between the origin and destiny (road + railway = 1306 km), the soybean produced in the south pole (Redenção) is better shipped through the TEGRAM port of São Luis–Maranhão due to the use of multimodal platforms (lorry + train), allowing for a more efficient logistical performance (greater loads of grains transported and less environmental impact). The soybean produced in northeast pole (Paragominas) is better shipped through the ports around Barcarena–Pará due to the short distance by road (average 350 km) and hence less environment impact.","PeriodicalId":400770,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Life Sciences Forum","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124662803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2