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Current Protocols in Neuroscience最新文献

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Studying Socio-Affective Communication in Rats through Playback of Ultrasonic Vocalizations 通过超声发声回放研究大鼠的社会情感交流
Current Protocols in Neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-04-08 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.7
Markus Wöhr, Dominik Seffer, Rainer K.W. Schwarting
{"title":"Studying Socio-Affective Communication in Rats through Playback of Ultrasonic Vocalizations","authors":"Markus Wöhr,&nbsp;Dominik Seffer,&nbsp;Rainer K.W. Schwarting","doi":"10.1002/cpns.7","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpns.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rats are able to produce ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs). Such USVs are an important component of the rat social behavior repertoire and serve distinct communicative functions as socio-affective signals. Depending on the emotional valence of the situation, juvenile and adult rats utter (1) aversive 22-kHz USVs conveying an appeasing and/or alarming function; or (2) appetitive 50-kHz USVs, which act as social contact calls, amongst others. A 50-kHz USV radial maze playback paradigm that allows assessment of the behavioral responses displayed by the recipients in a highly standardized manner has been developed. In this newly developed paradigm, a rat is exposed individually to playback of natural 50-kHz USVs and appropriate acoustic control stimuli using an acoustic presentation system for ultrasound. By this means, it has been consistently shown that 50-kHz USVs lead to social approach behavior in the recipient, supporting the notion that they serve an affiliative function as social contact calls. © 2016 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":40016,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpns.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34388726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
The Revised Neurobehavioral Severity Scale (NSS-R) for Rodents 啮齿动物神经行为严重程度量表(NSS-R)修订
Current Protocols in Neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-04-08 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.10
Angela M. Yarnell, Erin S. Barry, Andrea Mountney, Deborah Shear, Frank Tortella, Neil E. Grunberg
{"title":"The Revised Neurobehavioral Severity Scale (NSS-R) for Rodents","authors":"Angela M. Yarnell,&nbsp;Erin S. Barry,&nbsp;Andrea Mountney,&nbsp;Deborah Shear,&nbsp;Frank Tortella,&nbsp;Neil E. Grunberg","doi":"10.1002/cpns.10","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpns.10","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Motor and sensory deficits are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although rodent models provide valuable insight into the biological and functional outcomes of TBI, the success of translational research is critically dependent upon proper selection of sensitive, reliable, and reproducible assessments. Published literature includes various observational scales designed to evaluate post-injury functionality; however, the heterogeneity in TBI location, severity, and symptomology can complicate behavioral assessments. The importance of choosing behavioral outcomes that can be reliably and objectively quantified in an efficient manner is becoming increasingly important. The Revised Neurobehavioral Severity Scale (NSS-R) is a continuous series of specific, sensitive, and standardized observational tests that evaluate balance, motor coordination, and sensorimotor reflexes in rodents. The tasks follow a specific order designed to minimize interference: balance, landing, tail raise, dragging, righting reflex, ear reflex, eye reflex, sound reflex, tail pinch, and hindpaw pinch. The NSS-R has proven to be a reliable method differentiating brain-injured rodents from non-brain-injured rodents across many brain injury models. © 2016 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":40016,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpns.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34388727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Hybridization Histochemistry of Neural Transcripts 神经转录本的杂交组织化学
Current Protocols in Neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-04-08 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.9
W. Scott Young, June Song, Éva Mezey
{"title":"Hybridization Histochemistry of Neural Transcripts","authors":"W. Scott Young,&nbsp;June Song,&nbsp;Éva Mezey","doi":"10.1002/cpns.9","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpns.9","url":null,"abstract":"Expression of genes is manifested by the production of RNA transcripts within cells. Hybridization histochemistry (or in situ hybridization) permits localization of these transcripts with cellular resolution or better. Furthermore, the relative amounts of transcripts detected in different tissues or in the same tissues in different states (e.g., physiological or developmental) may be quantified.","PeriodicalId":40016,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpns.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9835233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Measuring Motivation and Reward-Related Decision Making in the Rodent Operant Touchscreen System 啮齿动物操作触摸屏系统中动机测量与奖励相关决策
Current Protocols in Neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0834s74
Christopher J. Heath, Benjamin U. Phillips, Timothy J. Bussey, Lisa M. Saksida
{"title":"Measuring Motivation and Reward-Related Decision Making in the Rodent Operant Touchscreen System","authors":"Christopher J. Heath,&nbsp;Benjamin U. Phillips,&nbsp;Timothy J. Bussey,&nbsp;Lisa M. Saksida","doi":"10.1002/0471142301.ns0834s74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142301.ns0834s74","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This unit is designed to facilitate implementation of the fixed and progressive ratio paradigms and the effort-related choice task in the rodent touchscreen apparatus to permit direct measurement of motivation and reward-related decision making in this equipment. These protocols have been optimized for use in the mouse and reliably yield stable performance levels that can be enhanced or suppressed by systemic pharmacological manipulation. Instructions are also provided for the adjustment of task parameters to permit use in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease. These tasks expand the utility of the rodent touchscreen apparatus beyond the currently available battery of cognitive assessment paradigms. © 2016 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":40016,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/0471142301.ns0834s74","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72137704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 50
Anterograde or Retrograde Transsynaptic Circuit Tracing in Vertebrates with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors 携带水泡性口炎病毒载体的脊椎动物的顺行或逆行跨突触回路追踪
Current Protocols in Neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0126s74
Kevin T. Beier, Nathan A. Mundell, Y. Albert Pan, Constance L. Cepko
{"title":"Anterograde or Retrograde Transsynaptic Circuit Tracing in Vertebrates with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors","authors":"Kevin T. Beier,&nbsp;Nathan A. Mundell,&nbsp;Y. Albert Pan,&nbsp;Constance L. Cepko","doi":"10.1002/0471142301.ns0126s74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142301.ns0126s74","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Viruses have been used as transsynaptic tracers, allowing one to map the inputs and outputs of neuronal populations, due to their ability to replicate in neurons and transmit in vivo only across synaptically connected cells. To date, their use has been largely restricted to mammals. In order to explore the use of such viruses in an expanded host range, we tested the transsynaptic tracing ability of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vectors in a variety of organisms. Successful infection and gene expression were achieved in a wide range of organisms, including vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. Moreover, rVSV enabled transsynaptic tracing of neural circuitry in predictable directions dictated by the viral envelope glycoprotein (G), derived from either VSV or rabies virus (RABV). Anterograde and retrograde labeling, from initial infection and/or viral replication and transmission, was observed in Old and New World monkeys, seahorses, jellyfish, zebrafish, chickens, and mice. These vectors are widely applicable for gene delivery, afferent tract tracing, and/or directional connectivity mapping. Here, we detail the use of these vectors and provide protocols for propagating virus, changing the surface glycoprotein, and infecting multiple organisms using several injection strategies. © 2016 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":40016,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/0471142301.ns0126s74","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72137706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Real-time Recordings of Migrating Cortical Neurons from GFP and Cre Recombinase Expressing Mice GFP和Cre重组酶表达小鼠迁移皮层神经元的实时记录
Current Protocols in Neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0329s74
Sylvia Tielens, Juliette D. Godin, Laurent Nguyen
{"title":"Real-time Recordings of Migrating Cortical Neurons from GFP and Cre Recombinase Expressing Mice","authors":"Sylvia Tielens,&nbsp;Juliette D. Godin,&nbsp;Laurent Nguyen","doi":"10.1002/0471142301.ns0329s74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142301.ns0329s74","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cerebral cortex is one of the most intricate regions of the brain that requires elaborate cell migration patterns for its development. Experimental observations show that projection neurons migrate radially within the cortical wall, whereas interneurons migrate along multiple tangential paths to reach the developing cortex. Tight regulation of the cell migration processes ensures proper positioning and functional integration of neurons to specific cerebral cortical circuits. Disruption of neuronal migration often leads to cortical dysfunction and/or malformation associated with neurological disorders. Unveiling the molecular control of neuron migration is thus fundamental to understanding the physiological or pathological development of the cerebral cortex. In this unit, protocols allowing detailed analysis of patterns of migration of both interneurons and projection neurons under different experimental conditions (i.e., loss or gain of function) are presented. © 2016 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":40016,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/0471142301.ns0329s74","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72137702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The Membrane Marker mCLING Reveals the Molecular Composition of Trafficking Organelles 膜标记mCLING揭示运输器官的分子组成
Current Protocols in Neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0225s74
Natalia H. Revelo, Silvio O. Rizzoli
{"title":"The Membrane Marker mCLING Reveals the Molecular Composition of Trafficking Organelles","authors":"Natalia H. Revelo,&nbsp;Silvio O. Rizzoli","doi":"10.1002/0471142301.ns0225s74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142301.ns0225s74","url":null,"abstract":"<p>mCLING is a fixable endocytosis marker that can be combined with immunolabeling techniques to study the molecular composition of trafficking organelles. mCLING can be used both in cultured cells and in tissue if critical sample preparation steps, such as fixation, are correctly performed. This unit describes protocols for the application of mCLING and for the subsequent sample processing. We include immunostaining protocols and embedding procedures for confocal and high-resolution microscopy. © 2016 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":40016,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/0471142301.ns0225s74","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72137703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Measuring Motivation and Reward-Related Decision Making in the Rodent Operant Touchscreen System. 测量啮齿类动物操作触屏系统的动机和奖励相关决策。
Current Protocols in Neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0834s74
Christopher J Heath, Benjamin U Phillips, Timothy J Bussey, Lisa M Saksida
{"title":"Measuring Motivation and Reward-Related Decision Making in the Rodent Operant Touchscreen System.","authors":"Christopher J Heath, Benjamin U Phillips, Timothy J Bussey, Lisa M Saksida","doi":"10.1002/0471142301.ns0834s74","DOIUrl":"10.1002/0471142301.ns0834s74","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This unit is designed to facilitate implementation of the fixed and progressive ratio paradigms and the effort-related choice task in the rodent touchscreen apparatus to permit direct measurement of motivation and reward-related decision making in this equipment. These protocols have been optimized for use in the mouse and reliably yield stable performance levels that can be enhanced or suppressed by systemic pharmacological manipulation. Instructions are also provided for the adjustment of task parameters to permit use in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease. These tasks expand the utility of the rodent touchscreen apparatus beyond the currently available battery of cognitive assessment paradigms.</p>","PeriodicalId":40016,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"8.34.1-8.34.20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75076516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anterograde or Retrograde Transsynaptic Circuit Tracing in Vertebrates with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors 脊椎动物水疱性口炎病毒载体的顺行或逆行跨突触回路追踪
Current Protocols in Neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0126s74
Kevin T. Beier, Nathan A. Mundell, Y. A. Pan, C. Cepko
{"title":"Anterograde or Retrograde Transsynaptic Circuit Tracing in Vertebrates with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors","authors":"Kevin T. Beier, Nathan A. Mundell, Y. A. Pan, C. Cepko","doi":"10.1002/0471142301.ns0126s74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142301.ns0126s74","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses have been used as transsynaptic tracers, allowing one to map the inputs and outputs of neuronal populations, due to their ability to replicate in neurons and transmit in vivo only across synaptically connected cells. To date, their use has been largely restricted to mammals. In order to explore the use of such viruses in an expanded host range, we tested the transsynaptic tracing ability of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vectors in a variety of organisms. Successful infection and gene expression were achieved in a wide range of organisms, including vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. Moreover, rVSV enabled transsynaptic tracing of neural circuitry in predictable directions dictated by the viral envelope glycoprotein (G), derived from either VSV or rabies virus (RABV). Anterograde and retrograde labeling, from initial infection and/or viral replication and transmission, was observed in Old and New World monkeys, seahorses, jellyfish, zebrafish, chickens, and mice. These vectors are widely applicable for gene delivery, afferent tract tracing, and/or directional connectivity mapping. Here, we detail the use of these vectors and provide protocols for propagating virus, changing the surface glycoprotein, and infecting multiple organisms using several injection strategies. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":40016,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience","volume":"24 1","pages":"1.26.1 - 1.26.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74218950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Real‐time Recordings of Migrating Cortical Neurons from GFP and Cre Recombinase Expressing Mice 表达GFP和Cre重组酶小鼠皮层神经元迁移的实时记录
Current Protocols in Neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0329s74
S. Tielens, J. Godin, L. Nguyen
{"title":"Real‐time Recordings of Migrating Cortical Neurons from GFP and Cre Recombinase Expressing Mice","authors":"S. Tielens, J. Godin, L. Nguyen","doi":"10.1002/0471142301.ns0329s74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142301.ns0329s74","url":null,"abstract":"The cerebral cortex is one of the most intricate regions of the brain that requires elaborate cell migration patterns for its development. Experimental observations show that projection neurons migrate radially within the cortical wall, whereas interneurons migrate along multiple tangential paths to reach the developing cortex. Tight regulation of the cell migration processes ensures proper positioning and functional integration of neurons to specific cerebral cortical circuits. Disruption of neuronal migration often leads to cortical dysfunction and/or malformation associated with neurological disorders. Unveiling the molecular control of neuron migration is thus fundamental to understanding the physiological or pathological development of the cerebral cortex. In this unit, protocols allowing detailed analysis of patterns of migration of both interneurons and projection neurons under different experimental conditions (i.e., loss or gain of function) are presented. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":40016,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience","volume":"58 1","pages":"3.29.1 - 3.29.23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84445122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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