ACS Applied Electronic Materials最新文献

{"title":"2D Heterostructure-Based Sweat and Heat Sensors","authors":"Felipe M. de Souza,&nbsp;Jaffar Ali,&nbsp;Anuj Kumar,&nbsp;Cathrin Lims Selvakumar,&nbsp;Ram K. Gupta* and Phuong V. Pham*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0205510.1021/acsaelm.4c02055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02055https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02055","url":null,"abstract":"<p >2D heterostructures, made by stacking ultrathin materials, are becoming key for advanced sweat and heat sensors in noninvasive health monitoring. These meticulously designed structures leverage the synergistic properties of the individual materials. Integration of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) enables highly selective sweat sensors that monitor key electrolytes, offering insights into hydration and electrolyte imbalances. In this regard, there is considerable versatility of the sweat sensor types, which are covered throughout this review. Some examples include electrochemical sensors, enzyme-free, Joule-heating, flexible and stretchable, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), and multimodal, among others. On the other hand, there is also a plethora of heat sensors that can be developed through the use of 2D heterostructures. A widely explored material for that is hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), which displays exceptional thermal conductivity. By combining h-BN with other 2D materials, researchers can engineer heterostructures that accurately monitor heat flux, providing core body temperature data for thermoregulation purposes. However, challenges such as long-term stability and biocompatible integration remain. Yet, thermal sensing also displays great versatility in terms of the types available, which include sensors based on thermoresistivity, thermal expansion, thermally induced phase change, optical heat, and calorimetric, among others. Even though there are current challenges to improvement such as their biocompatibility, robusticity, and optimization of manufacturing for large-scale applications, the future of 2D heterostructure-based sweat and heat sensors is bright. By addressing these challenges and continuously innovating, these sensors can revolutionize personalized health monitoring, empower individuals to track their health metrics in real time, and pave the way for wearable thermoregulation devices, ultimately improving wellness management and athletic performance. This review explores the emerging applications of 2D heterostructure nanomaterials in the development of sweat and heat sensors for noninvasive health monitoring. The ability to conveniently and noninvasively assess biomarkers in sweat and continuously monitor body temperature holds significant promise for wearable health technologies. This review discusses the current state-of-the-art 2D material-based sweat and heat sensors, including recent advancements in materials design, sensor fabrication, and data analysis. Challenges related to large-scale production, biocompatibility, long-term stability, and integration with wearable platforms are also discussed. Finally, the review outlines future research directions, highlighting the need for developing cost-effective fabrication methods, improving sensor stability, and integrating advanced data analytics for real-time health monitoring and personalized medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"2173–2207 2173–2207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Thickness-Dependent Volumetric Optothermal Energy-Conversion (Self-Heating) Ability of Room Temperature-Grown GaN Thin Films on Direct Amorphous Glass Substrates","authors":"Srivathsava Surabhi*,&nbsp;Francisco Solis-Pomar*,&nbsp;Shiva Samhitha,&nbsp;Abel Fundora,&nbsp;Mitchel A. Ruiz-Robles,&nbsp;Claudio Gutierrez-Lazos,&nbsp;Koduri Ramam,&nbsp;Jong-Ryul Jeong,&nbsp;Manuel Melendrez and Eduardo Perez-Tijerina,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0187410.1021/acsaelm.4c01874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01874https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01874","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we demonstrate an efficient optical-to-thermal energy-conversion (self-heating) ability of room temperature (RT)-grown gallium nitride (GaN) thin films on direct amorphous glass substrates. Radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering was employed to experimentally achieve the RT crystallinity of these films directly on glass substrates. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations are implemented to elucidate their optothermal response. Our experimental approach precludes the need for conventional prerequisites such as pre- or postannealing, substrate heating, or utilizing buffer (nucleation) nanolayers during the fabrication of GaN thin films on glass substrates. Notably, thin films with an excellent hexagonal wurtzite polymorphic phase comprising mainly (101), (002), and (100) planes is witnessed. Comprehensive characterizations, including structural, morphological, elemental, and surficial analyses, were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), correspondingly. These analyses confirm the exceptional homogeneity, morphology, and structural integrity of the RT-grown GaN films on the glass. Furthermore, this study also examined the influence of rf-power and gas flow on the film growth rate, thickness, and overall quality. Thickness (<i>t</i>_GaN) dependent optical response, power absorption (<i>P</i>_abs), and volumetric power dissipation (<i>P</i>_abs-density) in the GaN films were analyzed across the ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) spectrum using FDTD simulations. Our findings offer a potentially transformative approach for the cost-effective, large-scale production of GaN substrates that are crucial for power and optoelectronic applications. This work paves the way for futuristic advancements by facilitating further investigation into critical challenges such as strain-induced crystallographic orientation issues, phase stability, and mitigation of lattice mismatch and dislocation defects in ultrathin GaN films. Furthermore, our research plays a vital role in unlocking the full potential of GaN films in energy harvesting applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"2271–2283 2271–2283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supramolecular Polymer Hydrogels through Rapid Polymerization Enabled by Tannic Acid-Silver Dual Catalysis for Next-Generation Flexible and Wearable Sensors","authors":"Shafia Anum,&nbsp;Muhammad Sher,&nbsp;Mansoor Khan,&nbsp;Luqman Ali Shah* and Hyeong-Min Yoo,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0234910.1021/acsaelm.4c02349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02349https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02349","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recently, there has been growing interest in employing conductive hydrogels in advanced flexible strain sensing technology. However, the prolonged polymerization process and functioning decline under harsh conditions have hindered their implementation in practice. Although ammonium persulfate (APS) could be activated at 50 to 60 °C to trigger the polymerization process, this procedure is time-consuming and requires additional energy. The current research developed supramolecular polymer hydrogels (SuPH-Ag-<i>x</i>) by the rapid polymerization of acrylamide-<i>co</i>-lauryl methacrylate (AAm-<i>co</i>-LM) via a tannic acid-silver (TA-Ag)-mediated dual catalysis mechanism. The TA-Ag dual catalysis system rapidly triggered APS to generate free radicals and initiated the polymerization of AAm-<i>co</i>-LM. The inclusion of TA-Ag metal ion nanocenters, which function as active linkage through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic associations, can effectively fade away energy, yielding SuPH-Ag-2% with high tensile strength (1038 kPa) and extensibility (1358%). The engineered SuPH-Ag-2% has a good electrical conductivity of 0.25 S/m, allowing for strain up to 700%. Likewise, with an applied strain of 1000%, the engineered hydrogels exhibit exceptional sensitivity (gauge factor of 27.9), making them suitable for monitoring a variety of human body gestures (such as wrist, elbow, and knee), small physiological signals (such as finger movements and voice), and pressure sensing. This study is intended to contribute a potential approach for the quick fabrication of conductive hydrogels for implementation in smart automation, healthcare equipment, and versatile electronic epidermis applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"2504–2514 2504–2514"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Neutron and γ-Ray Detection via 6Li Substitution in Undoped and Tl-Doped Zero-Dimensional Perovskite Cs3Cu2I5 Scintillators","authors":"Luis Stand*,&nbsp;Kimberly S. Pestovich,&nbsp;Ketaki Joshi,&nbsp;Xianfei Wen,&nbsp;Jason Hayward,&nbsp;Yauhen Tratsiak,&nbsp;Daniel Rutstrom,&nbsp;Myles Inniss,&nbsp;Charles L. Melcher,&nbsp;Jarek Glodo,&nbsp;Edgar Van Loef and Mariya Zhuravleva,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0224510.1021/acsaelm.4c02245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02245https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02245","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Radiation detectors are crucial in a wide variety of research and commercial applications, such as oil and gas exploration, medical imaging, nuclear nonproliferation, and homeland security. Neutron and γ-ray detectors are fundamental components in portal monitors at ports and border crossings, bolstering national security against radiological threats. This study presents a dual-mode scintillator, undoped and Tl-doped ⁶Li–Cs₃Cu₂I₅, and demonstrates its potential as a promising material for simultaneous thermal neutron and γ-ray detection. We explore the Bridgman growth of both undoped and thallium-doped Li → Cu and Li → Cs substitutional systems with various Li doping levels and assess their impact on scintillation properties. Under 662 keV γ-ray excitation, the undoped crystals had light yields up to 35,900 ph/MeV, with energy resolutions down to 4.5%. The Tl-doped crystals performed better than the undoped crystals, with light yields peaking at 65,900 ph/MeV and energy resolutions as low as 3.5%. When exposed to a moderated ²⁵²Cf excitation source, our crystals had light yields between 102,900 and 167,200 photons per thermal neutron capture, with a full energy thermal neutron peak reaching 3 MeV in γ equivalent energy. Pulse shape discrimination studies reveal well-separated γ and neutron events, resulting in a figure-of-merit (FOM) as high as 3.7. These findings highlight the potential of Li-doped Cs₃Cu₂I₅ as a viable candidate for next-generation dual-mode scintillators.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"2433–2445 2433–2445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Enhanced Sensitivity and Broad Detection Range Featuring Hierarchical Microridge Design","authors":"Yuxiang Qin*,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang and Bo Gao,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0234310.1021/acsaelm.4c02343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02343https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02343","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sensitivity and detection range are pivotal attributes in the design of flexible pressure sensors. Nonetheless, maintaining a high sensitivity across a wide detection range remains a difficult challenge. In response to this concern, we propose an ionic capacitive flexible pressure sensor that combines an electron double layer mechanism with hierarchical microridge structure. Experimentally, hierarchical microridge structures are fabricated by a low-cost etched polysilicon template method. The sensor demonstrates high sensitivity and segmented linearity over a wide pressure detection range. Within the pressure range of up to 193.06 kPa, the sensor demonstrates a maximum sensitivity of 119.05 kPa^–1 and a maximum linearity of 0.9876. Benefiting from the broad detection range, high sensitivity, and linearity, practical applications around human motion monitoring such as joint motions and pulse detection are demonstrated here. This work provides a strategy for developing capacitive, flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity over a wide pressure detection range.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"2494–2503 2494–2503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Photothermoelectric Response in CVD-Grown Two-Dimensional Bi2O2Se Nanoplates","authors":"Keyu Wen,&nbsp;Daolong Liu,&nbsp;Haoyu Zhai,&nbsp;Cong Wang,&nbsp;Libo Zhang,&nbsp;Wenshuai Gao,&nbsp;Xue Liu,&nbsp;Mingliang Tian,&nbsp;Shouguo Wang and Xuegang Chen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.5c0000910.1021/acsaelm.5c00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c00009https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c00009","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As an emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor material, layered Bi₂O₂Se exhibits tremendous potential applications in the field of optical devices due to its high electron mobility, exceptional optical response, and remarkable air stability. In this study, high-quality Bi₂O₂Se nanoplates were grown on a fluorophlogopite mica (f-mica) substrate via a chemical vapor deposition approach. A high-quality two-terminal Bi₂O₂Se device is fabricated by traditional electron beam lithography, which displays linear current–voltage characteristics. The Bi₂O₂Se device exhibits an ON/OFF ratio of 10⁴ as well as n-type semiconductor characteristics. A maximum responsivity of 0.029 A W^–1 and a fast photoresponse time of 35–42 μs under 638 nm laser illumination are discovered. Spatially resolved scanning photocurrent microscopy is conducted, which indicates that the photothermoelectric effect should be the dominant contribution for the observed photocurrent in the Bi₂O₂Se device. This study paves the way for developing high-performance photoelectron devices based on Bi₂O₂Se materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"2537–2545 2537–2545"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Comprising Acridan–Pyrimidine and Spiro-Acridan–Pyrimidine Moieties for Efficient Triplet Harvesting","authors":"Rita Butkute*,&nbsp;Steponas Raisys,&nbsp;Tomas Serevicius,&nbsp;Viktorija Andruleviciene,&nbsp;Aliyu Mahomed Hamisu,&nbsp;Gediminas Kreiza,&nbsp;Juozas V. Grazulevicius and Saulius Jursenas,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0214810.1021/acsaelm.4c02148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02148https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02148","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we investigate the effect of substitution and conformational impact on the photophysical properties of novel 5-methylpyrimidine derivatives containing electron-donating groups with distinct rigidity. Research has revealed that all of the compounds showed pronounced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) features. The addition of the spiro-acridan moiety eliminated dual emission, simplifying the photophysical behavior of the compounds. Compounds containing spiro-acridan units exhibited a larger singlet–triplet energy gap, resulting in a reduced reverse intersystem crossing rate and an extended TADF lifetime in both toluene solutions and PMMA films. Additionally, the delayed fluorescence intensity was higher in these compounds, which was attributed to a slower nonradiative triplet quenching rate. Embedding TADF compounds into a rigid PMMA matrix significantly increases the quantum yield of delayed emission by minimizing nonradiative deactivation caused by intramolecular twisting. The considerable conformational disorder in the polymer-doped films leads to multiexponential fluorescence decay and noticeable shifts in both prompt and delayed fluorescence in time-resolved spectra. The attachment of electron-donating moieties at the fourth position in 5-methylpyrimidine reduces conformational disorder due to the restriction of the rotations caused by methyl attachment.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"2339–2348 2339–2348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NIR-I Excitable and NIR-II Emissive Cr, Yb, Co-Doped Cs2NaScCl6 Double Perovskite Halides for Biodetection","authors":"Ting Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Zhang,&nbsp;Qinan Mao*,&nbsp;Fangyi Zhao,&nbsp;Heyi Yang,&nbsp;Xinyue Li and Jiasong Zhong*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.5c0010610.1021/acsaelm.5c00106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c00106https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c00106","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Lanthanide doping has been instrumental in tuning the emissions of double perovskite halides (DPHs) into the near-infrared (NIR) region. However, the limited penetration depth of UV excitation and typically low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of these materials restrict their utility in biomedical applications. In this paper, Cr³⁺-doped lead-free DPHs (Cs₂NaScCl₆:Cr³⁺) have been explored, featuring a broadband NIR emission spanning 800–1300 nm and an impressive PLQY of 76.9%. Oriented toward biological applications, we employ Yb³⁺ as a codopant to be introduced into Cs₂NaScCl₆:Cr³⁺. The novel Cs₂NaScCl₆:Cr³⁺,Yb³⁺ crystal powder displays a red-shifted emission (peaking at 995 nm) with a remarkably narrower full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 51 nm. Importantly, the efficient energy transfer between Cr³⁺ and Yb³⁺ enables Cs₂NaScCl₆:Cr³⁺,Yb³⁺ to maintain a PLQY of 46.1% upon 780 nm excitation. Leveraging its NIR-I excitable and NIR-II emissive properties, Cs₂NaScCl₆:Cr³⁺,Yb³⁺ presents great potential in biodetection and bioimaging applications. Its superior energy transfer efficiency, high PLQY, and favorable spectral characteristics position this material as a promising candidate for advanced biomedical techniques requiring deep tissue penetration and high imaging contrast.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"2610–2618 2610–2618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing a Metal-Dielectric Interface for Microwave Bioprocessing","authors":"Zach E. Nichols,&nbsp;Michelle Zhang,&nbsp;Jiabao Liang,&nbsp;Thomas McDavitt,&nbsp;Ahmed Al-Anesi,&nbsp;Ethan Denny,&nbsp;Tareq Alkhateeb,&nbsp;Mulan Bell and Chris D. Geddes*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0217510.1021/acsaelm.4c02175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02175https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02175","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Extraction, digestion, and microbial inactivation are all common steps in laboratory assays and bioprocessing. To this end, many different techniques and devices have been developed to reduce the time and cost requirements for these, including one termed microwave lysing triangles (MLTs), which consist of a thin metal film deposited on a glass substrate in the shape of two triangles separated by a 2 mm gap to form a metal-dielectric interface. When irradiated at microwave frequencies (2.45 GHz), this interface produces rapid heating and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and microbial inactivation within biological samples. In this work, we have further characterized this interface and the role of the metal films in processing samples using several assays, including enzyme activity, protein denaturation, and microbial inactivation. Our results show that while the metal-dielectric interface is necessary to process samples, but direct contact between the sample with the metal films is not required if irradiation time and power are sufficiently high. Additionally, we demonstrate that the minimum power and time requirements are dependent on the physical size of the analyte in question, with large proteins needing greater irradiation times or powers than small proteins and bacteria needing even more irradiation time or power. Beyond the implications for microwave sample processing, our findings may have utility for material designs and applications in the microwave frequency range due to similar interfaces being present in many of them.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"2384–2393 2384–2393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Impact of 10 nm High-κ SrTiO3 Gate Dielectric on the Performance of β-Ga2O3 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors","authors":"Madani Labed*,&nbsp;Dae Haa Ryu,&nbsp;Jang Hyeok Park,&nbsp;Hyunbin Chung,&nbsp;Taekjib Choi and You Seung Rim*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0222110.1021/acsaelm.4c02221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02221https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02221","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High-κ dielectric materials have gained significant attention in the field of semiconductor devices due to their potential to reduce gate dielectric thickness while enhancing device performance. This study presents a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) that utilizes an ultrathin SrTiO₃ gate dielectric and compares it with a conventional Al₂O₃-based MOSFET. The Al₂O₃/β-Ga₂O₃ MOSFET, featuring a 10 nm gate dielectric, exhibited a high tunneling rate, significantly affecting the depletion of β-Ga₂O₃. In contrast, the SrTiO₃-based MOSFET demonstrated a lower tunneling rate, reduced reverse drain current, and improved drain on/off ratio, highlighting the effectiveness of high-κ materials like SrTiO₃ in minimizing gate dielectric thickness and potentially extending Moore’s law. Detailed analysis of the depletion and channel formation mechanisms in the SrTiO₃/β-Ga₂O₃ MOSFET was performed. Additionally, the impact of various gate metals on device performance was investigated, revealing that high-work-function metals enabled more efficient depletion compared to low-work-function metals. Temperature-dependent simulations using titanium (Ti) and platinum (Pt) as contact metals indicated that Pt-based MOSFETs operate effectively at elevated temperatures, unlike Ti-based MOSFETs. Lastly, the study examined the effects of interfacial charge types and densities at the SrTiO₃/β-Ga₂₃ interface on the MOSFET performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"2413–2423 2413–2423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}