ACS Applied Electronic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Copper-Coated E-Glass Fiber-Based Strain Sensors for High Temperatures","authors":"Saurabh Khuje,&nbsp;Long Zhu,&nbsp;Jian Yu* and Shenqiang Ren*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0151010.1021/acsaelm.4c01510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01510https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01510","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Flexible conducting ceramics offer exciting potential for advanced high-temperature electronic and thermal management applications, but challenges remain in achieving both flexibility and high electrical conductivity without compromising the material’s structural integrity. In this study, we present a flexible metallized E-glass fiber network formed via mixing copper molecular ink with ceramic fibers (copper-coated aluminum borosilicate) to enable strain sensing under harsh conditions, exhibiting a gauge factor of 1.34 and a response time of 100 ms at room temperature. A silicon carbide preceramic precursor was further coated to achieve a synergistic combination of high-temperature oxidation resistance. The flexible sensor functions effectively at temperatures of up to 400 °C, making it suitable for high-temperature environments, with a gauge factor of 0.181. Additionally, incorporating a printed dipole antenna allows for a self-powered system that can wirelessly respond to real-time applied strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"6 11","pages":"8226–8231 8226–8231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Transparent Conductive Gallium-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Grown by Reactive Plasma Deposition for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells","authors":"Xinliang Chen*,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Wang,&nbsp;Bingquan Liang,&nbsp;Aixin Sun,&nbsp;Diannan Li,&nbsp;Zheng Wang,&nbsp;Liyuan Hu,&nbsp;Dekun Zhang,&nbsp;Huizhi Ren,&nbsp;Guofu Hou,&nbsp;Ying Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaodan Zhang,&nbsp;Minghao Qu,&nbsp;Shi Yin,&nbsp;Xiaoning Ru,&nbsp;Miao Yang and Xixiang Xu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0171610.1021/acsaelm.4c01716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01716https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01716","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The consumption of indium (In) is an obstacle for terawatt-scale silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. To reduce the use of In and achieve sustainable development, the development of economical and environmentally friendly transparent electrodes has become a critical issue. Here, we report crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells with reactive plasma deposition (RPD) grown ZnO:Ga₂O₃ (GZO) at room temperature as a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer. Meanwhile, SHJ solar cells with magnetron sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent conductive layers are compared as reference. GZO thin films exhibit good crystallinity with (002) preferred orientation. The optical and electrical properties of GZO thin films with different doping concentrations have been systematically studied. Under the condition of 3.0 wt % doping concentration and 545 nm thickness, the carrier concentration and electron mobility of GZO film reach 2.95 × 10²⁰/cm³ and 32.56 cm²/V·s, respectively; thus, a resistivity of 7.46 × 10^–4 Ω cm is obtained. The average transmittance of the glass/GZO film is 83.3% in the wavelength range of 400–1200 nm. The contact resistance for GZO/n-a-Si:H is calculated to be 48.0 mΩ cm². GZO-SHJ solar cell exhibits a higher minority carrier lifetime and thus higher <i>Voc</i> due to less interface damage during thin film deposition. The GZO-TCO film is used in a SHJ solar cell, achieving a device efficiency of 21.48%. The results shows that gallium doping of GZO increases electrical conductivity and regulates oxygen vacancies. In-free TCO grown by a low-bombardment RPD technique will contribute to boosting the development of the SHJ solar cell photovoltaic industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"6 11","pages":"8488–8496 8488–8496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Modulation of Cross-Linking Density in Gel Polymer Electrolyte for the Inhibition of Lithium Dendrite","authors":"Huashuo Jin,&nbsp;Wei Hao,&nbsp;Cancan Zhang*,&nbsp;Feng Yu* and Yong Chen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0157310.1021/acsaelm.4c01573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01573https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01573","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential make lithium metal the most promising material to replace the graphite anode. However, lithium dendrite growth is the key problem that limits the development of lithium metal batteries. As a solid electrolyte, the gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) possesses a certain ability to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites compared with a liquid electrolyte, but the inhibition mechanism is not very clear. In this work, through the regulation of GPE cross-linking density, we verify that the cross-linked GPE network has a certain influence on the solvation structure of lithium ions. The increased cross-linking density of GPE induces the Li⁺ solvated sheath dominated by contact ion pairs/solvent-separated ion pairs and Li⁺ aggregates, which is conducive to the formation of stable LiF-rich SEIs to resist lithium dendrites. The high cross-linked GPE-based LiFePO₄ full battery also exhibits a high capacity retention rate of 81.9% even after 220 cycles at a rate of 0.2C and 90.1% after 140 cycles at a rate of 0.5C. The inhibiting mechanism of lithium dendrites by the cross-linked GPE is described for the first time, which provides a better idea for the design of GPE.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"6 11","pages":"8309–8318 8309–8318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sidewall Interface Nitrogen Treatment for Improving GaN-Based Micron-Scale Light-Emitting Diode Efficiency","authors":"Szu-An Chen,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Kuan-Heng Lin,&nbsp;Yi-Hong Chen and Jian-Jang Huang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0154010.1021/acsaelm.4c01540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01540https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01540","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Defects in the sidewall interfaces are critical to light-emitting efficiency of micro-light emitting diodes (μLEDs) for display applications. The efficiency decreases sharply when the LED chip size is smaller than 10 × 10 μm² because the sidewall defect-induced nonradiative recombination process prevails. In this work, we demonstrate the efficiency improvement of GaN-based μLEDs with sizes as small as 4 × 4 μm². Using N₂ plasmon treatment at 250 °C to repair sidewall damage, the light output power of an LED with a mesa size of 4 × 4 μm² is improved by 97.29% compared to the reference device without treatment at an injection current density of 25 A/cm². Additionally, compared to a reference device with a mesa area of 100 × 100 μm², the optical output power density of the 4 × 4 μm² device shows only a 27.11% drop. To understand the effect of nitrogen plasmon treatment on the interfaces, we conducted EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) and TRPL (time-resolved photoluminescence) analysis on the sidewalls of p-type GaN and the quantum well active region. We concluded that incorporating nitrogen atoms to repair the dangling bonds and, thus, a more balanced Ga/N ratio helps reduce defects and thus improve sidewall radiative efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"6 11","pages":"8277–8285 8277–8285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional Smart Cement Sensor Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators","authors":"Bochun Lai,&nbsp;Chenhui Xu,&nbsp;Yiran Hu,&nbsp;Yongyang Chen,&nbsp;Zhihui Li,&nbsp;Jiayue Zheng,&nbsp;Hanlin Zhou,&nbsp;Fangzhou Zhang* and Zhiyi Wu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0129010.1021/acsaelm.4c01290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01290https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01290","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the 21st century’s wave of technological advancement, sensors, as a key component of the Internet of Things (IoT), have significantly propelled the development of smart cities and intelligent transportation systems. However, the high deployment costs of traditional sensors limit their practicality for large-scale applications and maintenance. To address this issue, this study proposes a low-cost, concealed, durable, and highly scalable multifunctional smart cement sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerators (SC-TENG) for constructing an all-weather intelligent monitoring system. By embedding differently shaped surface insulating electrodes into the cement and applying super-hydrophobic treatment to the cement surface, the SC-TENG can effectively monitor vehicle speed, measure vehicle length, and provide fencing warnings in public places at a low cost. Experimental results indicate that the SC-TENG can operate stably under various environmental conditions, maintaining stable output in ambient temperatures from 0 to 40 °C and relative humidity of 30%–70%, with negligible signal degradation even after approximately 2500 cycles. This research is significantly important for enhancing road safety, improving public security, and reducing energy consumption, providing technical support and solutions for the construction of smart cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"6 11","pages":"7923–7932 7923–7932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectric Breakdown Mechanisms in High-κ Antimony Trioxide (Sb2O3)","authors":"Alok Ranjan*,&nbsp;Lunjie Zeng and Eva Olsson*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0181810.1021/acsaelm.4c01818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01818https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01818","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High-κ gate dielectrics compatible with two-dimensional (2D) materials are crucial for advanced electronics, and Sb₂O₃ (antimony trioxide) shows significant potential. Here, we show that the soft breakdown induces oxygen vacancies and migration of copper into Sb₂O₃. Hard breakdown, driven by joule heating, gives rise to a substantial temperature increase, leading to morphological transformations and oxygen redistribution. In situ transmission electron microscopy (in situ TEM) measurements correlated with device performance show the formation of nanoconducting filaments due to the increased concentration of oxygen vacancies and copper migration in connection with the soft breakdown. The hard breakdown is associated with the formation of antimony-enriched nanocrystals. These findings offer critical insights into the suitability of Sb₂O₃ as a high-κ gate dielectric.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"6 11","pages":"8540–8548 8540–8548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Comfort and Functionality in Stretchable Thermotherapy Thin Film Heaters through Breathable Design","authors":"Xinkong Wei,&nbsp;Yue Pei,&nbsp;Yunxia Li,&nbsp;Junyi Zhai* and Weihua Han*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0161010.1021/acsaelm.4c01610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01610https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01610","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Stretchable thin film heaters (TFHs) are essential for localized thermotherapy, conforming to the skin and joints. However, conventional TFHs made from nonbreathable elastomers often cause discomfort and increase infection risks. We propose a sample TFH design that is both breathable and stretchable. By using nickel (Ni) foam as a sacrificial template, we deposit Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) to form the heating element, which is then encapsulated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Crucially, the PDMS coats only the inner surfaces of the micropipes, leaving the interstitial spaces unfilled, creating a breathable 3D conductive network. This contrasts with traditional TFHs that are typically nonbreathable and limited in flexibility, often leading to heat accumulation and discomfort. Our TFH maintained consistent performance over 1000 cycles of bending, stretching, and water immersion. Even with up to 25% stretching, resistance changes remained under 13%. Breathability tests revealed a 5:1 ratio in deionized water permeability between an uncovered bottle and one covered with our film with a permeation rate of 7 mg/cm²·h. Also, the TFH effectively reached 67 °C within 1 min under a 3.5 V bias. Unlike existing methods that neglect breathability or require complex fabrication, our strategy offers a simple yet robust solution to the limitations of conventional TFHs, combining both breathability and stretchability.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"6 11","pages":"8394–8403 8394–8403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: “2024 Emerging Investigators”","authors":"Erin S. Baker*,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Helen J. Cooper*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/jasms.4c0037510.1021/jasms.4c00375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.4c00375https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.4c00375","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"35 11","pages":"2547–2553 2547–2553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Covalent Organic Framework/PDMS Mixed Matrix Membranes for Efficient Ethanol Recovery via Pervaporation","authors":"Yuxi Wu,&nbsp;Yuhong Tian*,&nbsp;Xinping He,&nbsp;Jiaxin Guo,&nbsp;Kaiya Yi and Chunhai Yi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c0288610.1021/acs.iecr.4c02886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02886https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02886","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bioethanol, as a renewable energy source, is receiving continuous attention for efficient recovery in aqueous solution. In this work, high-permeable ethanol mix matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by incorporating covalent organic framework-300 (COF-300) into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by solution blending. The morphology, functional groups, surface roughness, contact angle, and swelling degree of MMMs before and after COF-300 loading were characterized and analyzed. The encouraging finding is that the incorporation of porous COF-300 particles results in a significant enhancement of the hydrophobicity and ethanol affinity, which in turn increases the total flux and separation factor. The pervaporation results showed that the total flux reached 1515.28 g·m^–2·h^–1 and the separation factor reached 8.7 at a 3 wt % COF loading. Compared with pure PDMS, the total flux and separation factor of MMMs increased by 71.4 and 7.8%, respectively. Primarily based on the unique pore structure characteristics of COF-300, it can provide ultrafast channels for ethanol molecules. At the same time, COF-300 itself is a porous hydrophobicity particle with good ethanol affinity, which will promote the diffusion of ethanol molecules, further promote membrane swelling, and thus increase the separation factor and flux. Moreover, the MMMs in this work exhibited satisfactory stability during 6 months of continuous operation. Therefore, COF-300 is expected to be an ideal filler material to improve the separation performance of permeable ethanol membranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"63 45","pages":"19756–19766 19756–19766"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142608371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Application of Biomass Hydrogel in Photonic Transistor Memory","authors":"Yan-Ting Chen,&nbsp;Yu-Chih Hsu,&nbsp;Yan-Cheng Lin* and Yang-Yen Yu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0146010.1021/acsaelm.4c01460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01460https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01460","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study synthesized copolymers using two biomass materials, starch and ι-carrageenan, with poly(acrylic acid) and utilized ethylene glycol as a solvent-based cross-linking agent to produce hydrogels. The hydrogels developed from starch or ι-carrageenan exhibited high extensibility and mechanical strength after absorbing water molecules from the environment and maturing. The Young’s modulus was approximately 0.03 and 0.04 GPa, with elongation exceeding 600%, and the water content remained stable at around 15% over time. Additionally, these hydrogels can be hydrolyzed and recycled to recreate elastomers with similar mechanical properties. By the incorporation of chlorophyll into the hydrogels made from the two biomass hydrogels, they were successfully used as memory layers in phototransistor memory. The hydrogel cross-linking involved the formation of covalent bonds between the hydroxy groups of the biomass materials and carboxylic acid groups of poly(acrylic acid), while the non-cross-linked parts interacted with chlorophyll through hydrogen bonding. The devices perform electrical writing by applying gate bias and optical erasure by exposing them to 455 nm blue light. Notably, the device made from starch-based hydrogel exhibits a high memory window (∼21.8 V) and long-term stability exceeding 10⁴ s. In conclusion, this study successfully derived high-biomass-content hydrogels from biomass materials and applied them to optoelectronic devices, demonstrating the successful application of biomass materials in high-quality optoelectronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"6 11","pages":"8180–8189 8180–8189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}