Berkeley Planning Journal最新文献_第4页

A FRAMEWORK FOR EQUITABLE INVESTMENT 公平投资框架

Berkeley Planning Journal Pub Date : 2017-02-07 DOI: 10.5070/BP328133861

C. Tu, Richard A. Marcantonio

{"title":"A FRAMEWORK FOR EQUITABLE INVESTMENT","authors":"C. Tu, Richard A. Marcantonio","doi":"10.5070/BP328133861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP328133861","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2012, California has generated billions of dollars from its market-based green- house gas emissions reduction program, commonly known as Cap-and-Trade. These rev- enues, deposited in the state’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF), must be invest- ed in projects that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maximizing benefits for disadvantaged communities and households. SB 535 (de Leon 2012), as amended by AB 1550 (Gomez 2016), requires at least thirty-five percent of these revenues to be invested in projects that benefit disadvantaged community residents and low-income households and communities. Implementing these statutory requirements has been the work of a coalition of policy-advocacy and organizing groups, who have too often seen public in- vestment in environmental justice communities fail to meet the needs of low-income residents of color—or worse yet, actually harm them. This article presents the“ disad- vantaged community benefits” framework that this coalition developed, which is now incorporated in large part into statewide guidelines on climate investments. The frame- work offers a four-step process for evaluating whether a project meaningfully benefits a disadvantaged community: (1) whether a project meets an important need identified by underserved residents (2) in a way that provides them a significant benefit and (3) targets its benefits primarily to low-income people while (4) avoiding substantial burdens on a disadvantaged community. This article discusses the genesis of this framework and its importance in enabling local residents to shape investment decisions in their commu- nities, and then assesses a GGRF investment in affordable housing according to this framework. A key lesson of California’s experience in directing climate investments to benefit disadvantaged communities is that the same investments that promote the state’s climate goals are also helping to tackle the crisis of extreme inequality.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP328133861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44587047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A MODIFIED AGENT-BASED MODEL OF SLUM FORMATION 一个改进的基于主体的贫民窟形成模型

Berkeley Planning Journal Pub Date : 2017-02-07 DOI: 10.5070/BP328133859

Alexander McGrath

{"title":"A MODIFIED AGENT-BASED MODEL OF SLUM FORMATION","authors":"Alexander McGrath","doi":"10.5070/BP328133859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP328133859","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates how the inclusion of political lifecycles and unrestricted housing development by private developers will impact the spatial arrangement and density of slums in a virtual urban environment. To do this, I build on the agent based model (ABM) entitled “Slumulation” developed by Crooks, Koizumi and Patel (2012). The intention of this is to generate conversation around the ways individual action impact the urban en- vironment, and also how other stakeholders in the city create conditions that motivate the emergence of certain spatial arrangements over time. Through the addition of code into the original model, I am able to augment the actions of two actors in particular: politicians and developers. Borrowing from literature, I include local political cycles that minimize the interaction between urban dwellers and politicians throughout most of the simulation, except for in the case of election times where special consideration is made that allows for lower rents and lax rule enforcement in exchange for political support. In the center of this city, housing developers are programmed to build housing for high- and middle-income households because the real estate sector and government policies are encouraging the construction of a new and modern urban image that slowly prices out lower-income residents of the inner city. These additions show that local politics and de- velopment without efforts to mitigate the impact on individual households may contribute to slums, high density urban neighborhoods, and the peripheralization of the city’s most vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP328133859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43316642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Editors' Note, BPJ Volume 27 编者注，BPJ第27卷

Berkeley Planning Journal Pub Date : 2014-11-11 DOI: 10.5070/BP327124489

Elizabeth Mattiuzzi, Heather Arata

引用次数: 0

Toxic Schools: High-Poverty Education in New York and Amsterdam By Bowen Paulle 《有毒的学校:纽约和阿姆斯特丹的高贫困教育》，鲍文·鲍勒著

Berkeley Planning Journal Pub Date : 2014-11-11 DOI: 10.5070/bp327124505

Ariel H. Bierbaum

{"title":"Toxic Schools: High-Poverty Education in New York and Amsterdam By Bowen Paulle","authors":"Ariel H. Bierbaum","doi":"10.5070/bp327124505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/bp327124505","url":null,"abstract":"Toxic Schools: High-Poverty Education in New York and Amsterdam By Bowen Paulle University of Chicago Press, 2013 Reviewed by Ariel H. Bierbaum Bowen Paulle’s Toxic Schools is an often-riveting transatlantic comparative ethnography that focuses on the psychosocial dynamics of high-poverty high schools in New York City and Amsterdam. Paulle, a native New Yorker and US-trained sociologist, is a professor of social and behavioral sciences at the University of Amsterdam. His work builds not only on sociological theory, but also on public health and epidemiological research. Paulle argues that the heightened levels of violence and stress in high- poverty schools and neighborhoods are toxic to the health, well-being, and life trajectory of both students and teachers. His novel approach to toxicity offers rich material and insights for planning scholars and practitioners who work at the intersection of public health, education, and poverty studies. Planning scholars and practitioners understand that access to high-quality education, adequate health care, well-paying jobs, and affordable housing and transportation are the key components of people’s “geographies of opportunity.” While volumes of urban scholarship and policy today aim to build more equitable geographies of opportunity, this work’s focus on the metropolitan or regional scale does not allow for careful interrogation of the everyday reality of living in high-poverty neighborhoods and attending high-poverty schools. Toxic Schools helps fill this gap, bringing to life the uneven geographies of opportunity and raising important questions for our methodological approaches as planning scholars and practitioners that shape the contexts and built environments in which these high-poverty schools persist. Paulle’s narrative is based on six years of ethnographic fieldwork as a full- time high school teacher in the South Bronx of New York City and as a part- time high school teacher in southeast Amsterdam. Both neighborhoods and schools had high concentrations of poor and minority students. According to Paulle, in both locations students and teachers described their schools similarly as “the ghetto” and invoked metaphors of “dumping grounds” and “garbage cans.” Paulle uses his introductory chapter to situate the reader theoretically as well as geographically. For those not already familiar with scholarship in","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/bp327124505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70704700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Is Rail Worth It 铁路值得吗?

Berkeley Planning Journal Pub Date : 2014-11-11 DOI: 10.5070/bp327124491

M. Wachs, Ethan N. Elkind

{"title":"Is Rail Worth It","authors":"M. Wachs, Ethan N. Elkind","doi":"10.5070/bp327124491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/bp327124491","url":null,"abstract":"Much has been made recently of Los Angeles’s transformation to a transit- friendly city. A speaker at this spring’s Transit & Cities conference at UC Berkeley, hosted by the Institute of Urban and Regional Development, lamented the increasingly prohibitive housing prices in Downtown LA, even as there is demand for commuters to live closer to work and spend less time in their cars. Yet the traditional view of transit riders of “necessity” versus “choice” pits low-income bus riders against more affluent rail riders and raises questions about the much higher cost per rider of rail. What can planning scholars and practitioners do to inform and enlighten the political process around rail and bus development? What are the metrics by which we should evaluate investment in different forms of transit infrastructure before and after it is built? What should be the relationship between equity, cost, and political feasibility? The BPJ editors posed these questions to Professor Martin Wachs of UCLA and Professor Ethan Elkind of UC Berkeley after their recent IURD Transit & Cities lecture on Elkind’s 2014 book, Railtown: The Fight for the Los Angeles Metro Rail and the Future of the City (UC Press). The talk focused on the history of rail politics in LA and served as a useful springboard for further discussion in this journal on the role of planners today in promoting equitable mobility in cities.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/bp327124491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70704838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Assessing the Equity of Changing Travel Behaviors 评估改变旅行行为的公平性

Berkeley Planning Journal Pub Date : 2014-11-11 DOI: 10.5070/BP327124499

G. Newmark

引用次数: 2

A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR THE INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF OUTCOME AND IMPACT EQUITY: A LAND USE / TRAVEL BEHAVIOR APPLICATION 结果与影响公平综合评估的理论模型:土地利用/出行行为应用

Berkeley Planning Journal Pub Date : 2014-11-11 DOI: 10.5070/bp327121350

G. Newmark

引用次数: 0

Call for Papers: Volume 28 征稿:第28卷

Berkeley Planning Journal Pub Date : 2014-11-11 DOI: 10.5070/BP327124512

Heather Arata, Elizabeth Mattiuzzi