Berkeley Planning Journal最新文献

{"title":"What Lies Ahead for the American Metropolis in the Age of Inversion","authors":"J. Wegmann","doi":"10.5070/BP327124504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP327124504","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Wegmann, Jake | Abstract: A review of three titles: A Country of Cities: A Manifesto for an Urban America by Vishaan Chakrabarti Metropolitan Books, 2013 The Great Inversion and the Future of the American City by Alan Ehrenhalt Vintage Books, 2012 The End of the Suburbs: Where the American Dream Is Moving by Leigh Gallagher Penguin, 2013","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP327124504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70704652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bikenomics: How Bicycling Can Save the Economy By Elly Blue","authors":"Jesus M. Barajas","doi":"10.5070/BP327124503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP327124503","url":null,"abstract":"Berkeley Planning Journal, Volume 27, 2014 Bikenomics: How Bicycling Can Save the Economy By Elly Blue Microcosm, 2013 Reviewed by Jesus M. Barajas Planning often prioritizes transportation projects based on quantified costs and benefits to the community. Recognizing decision-making standard, in Bikenomics Elly Blue delivers a pro-bike argument with which planners and bicycle activists might be familiar, but she supports this argument with facts and figures that will make city comptrollers take notice. A Portland- based writer and bicycle advocate, Elly Blue backs her claims with research that spans popular blog writing, advocacy organization reports, and academic articles in a way that informs, engages, and entertains. She invites an understanding that individuals, businesses, and cities all benefit from more and safer bicycling in their communities. Bikenomics is largely organized around common refrains about the impossibility of making bicycling a coequal mode in the US transportation system. In the first few chapters, Blue tackles the high cost of automobiles and car ownership relative to the bicycle. Costs are borne, Blue argues, not only by individuals who must spend a high proportion of their income on transportation, but by all taxpayers who must pay the long-term debt incurred by borrowing to build roads. On the other hand, investment in bicycle infrastructure costs a fraction to build and maintain and, as argued later, bring local economic benefits that a new highway interchange cannot. In the remainder of the book, Blue addresses topics common in writing on bicycling, but, unlike other journalistic and advocacy pieces, she focuses explicitly on quantifying costs and benefits. For example, in the chapter titled “Superhighway to Health,” Blue describes the interrelationship between lack of access to healthy food, chronic disease, and sedentary lifestyles, asserting that a bicycle-based lifestyle could improve health outcomes and reduce total health-care costs. In a later chapter, Blue relates how two companies that paid employees to bicycle to work saw productivity gains and health-insurance-premium savings that exceeded the amount of the incentives. She approaches bike sharing, bike parking, and the economic impact of bicycling on local businesses similarly in order to build a case for the bicycle as a savior of the economy. One of the most important contributions of Bikenomics is its consistent, explicit emphasis on equity issues in bicycling. Some equity issues","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP327124503","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70704595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEED-ND and Livability Revisited","authors":"G. Boeing, D. Church, Haley T. Hubbard, Julie Mickens, Lili Rudis","doi":"10.5070/BP327120808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP327120808","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines LEED-ND’s criteria for Neighborhood Pattern and Design (NPD). LEED-ND was developed as a system for rating new neighborhoods on the sustainability of their planning. However, it has increasingly been adopted by cities as a de facto measure of “livable” neighborhood design and used to accelerate development processes. We hypothesize that these criteria do not accurately capture livability as defined by residents. Our study area is Temescal, a gentrifying neighborhood in Oakland, CA. Temescal could not achieve LEED-ND certification due to technical disqualifications yet residents of the neighborhood rated its livability very highly. Furthermore, residents consistently rated and ranked NPD characteristics quite differently than did LEED-ND, calling into question its validity as a universally codifiable rating system. We propose that a single set of weighted, prescriptive design guidelines may not be able to reflect the diverse values and desired amenities of different communities.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70704510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keys to the City: How Economics, Institutions, Social Interaction, and Politics Shape Development By Michael Storper","authors":"A. Olsen","doi":"10.5070/BP327124507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP327124507","url":null,"abstract":"Berkeley Planning Journal, Volume 27, 2014 Keys to the City: How Economics, Institutions, Social Interaction, and Politics Shape Development By Michael Storper Princeton University Press, 2013 Reviewed by Aksel Olsen Why do some city regions grow and others decline over time, and what are the defining local differences that make it so? Such complex questions are what motivate Michael Storper, one of the most cited economic geographers, in his new book, Keys to the City: How Economics, Institutions, Social Interaction, and Politics Shape Development. This wide-ranging work is hard to pigeonhole into the disciplinary boxes of fields—geography, economic history, and economics—that typically deal with such questions. Indeed, in Keys to the City, Storper is interested in connections between the different disciplinary optics. Playing Chicken with the Economists Storper begins with a larger, but important, conversation among urban economists about the main drivers of regional growth: When the national map of urban growth changes, is it best explained by migration flows to new regions, with jobs following once this population base is in place, or is it the reverse? Is migration the chicken or the egg, as Muth (1971) seminally asked it? In urban economics, it is commonly assumed that urban systems are in perfect spatial equilibrium (Glaeser and Gottlieb 2009) and that one cannot be made better off by moving to another place—the great amenities of San Francisco, New York, or Denver are perfectly offset by higher costs, traffic, or crime. Thus, people trade off amenities, income and housing costs, and price adjustments in real wages to ensure equilibrium. Consequently, the national system is “stable” and reflects an aggregate of individual preferences (and, of interest to planners, place-based policy is often seen as a counterproductive hindrance to economic efficiency). In this framework, exogenous changes to amenities—like the widespread introduction of air conditioning in the postwar years—can fundamentally change migration patterns and thus the new growth poles of the economy. Migration, in this common view, is the “chicken,” the leading indicator of future growth. Storper argues this framework is not convincing: the postwar migration","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP327124507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70704882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hidden Potential of Sustainable Neighborhoods: Lessons from Low-Carbon Communities By Harrison Fraker","authors":"Nicola A. Szibbo","doi":"10.5070/BP327124508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP327124508","url":null,"abstract":"The Hidden Potential of Sustainable Neighborhoods: Lessons from Low-Carbon Communities By Harrison Fraker Island Press, 2013 Reviewed by Nicola Szibbo The terms “low-carbon” and “zero-carbon” are now frequently bandied about in planning dialogues regarding sustainable neighborhood development. These terms—used in the context of neighborhood design and planning—possess increasing currency given the problem of climate change. In the past, zero-energy goals have been perceived as desirable but lofty and difficult or even impossible for planners and designers to achieve. However, in an era of adaptation to climate change, resilient infrastructure and built form is both warranted and necessary. Harrison Fraker—a pioneer researcher and professor in passive solar, daylighting, and other sustainable design techniques—presents this imperative with striking resolve in his new book. Fraker attempts to raise awareness about the “hidden potential” of sustainable infrastructure through an analysis of several best practice case studies in Europe. Exploring progressive neighborhoods at the forefront of environmental design in Sweden and Germany, the book outlines how planners, architects, and urban designers can design and build zero-carbon neighborhoods. Fraker chooses the four German and Swedish case studies specifically because the energy and performance data were available for the purposes of comparative evaluation. The case studies ultimately indicate that low-carbon communities are no longer a futuristic fantasy, but are now a reality. It is clear that in order for sustainable neighborhoods to be realized, the relevant metrics and measurements need to represent the “three axes of sustainability”: environmental, economic, and social. Fraker’s book covers the environmental aspects in great detail. Chapters two through four are dedicated to the individual neighborhoods; each chapter is filled with benchmarks and metrics for sustainable infrastructure and design, based on performance data collected by Fraker and his students. Fraker thoroughly describes the coordinated operation of the various systems of water infrastructure, waste infrastructure, renewable energy generation, green space, land use, and transportation in terms of the estimated benefits and impacts. Often, these systems overlap and reinforce each other in terms of inputs and outputs from a cradle-to-cradle perspective, and","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP327124508","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70705073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrastructure Planning and Finance: A Smart and Sustainable Guide for Local Practitioners By Vicki Elmer and Adam Leigland","authors":"H. Clark","doi":"10.5070/BP327124506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP327124506","url":null,"abstract":"Berkeley Planning Journal, Volume 27, 2014 Infrastructure Planning and Finance: A Smart and Sustainable Guide for Local Practitioners By Vicki Elmer and Adam Leigland, with contributions by Peter Hendee Brown, Peter Hall, Jeff Loux, and Jeffery Vincent Routledge, 2014 Reviewed by Hannah Clark Over the past decade, local, state, federal, and international entities have stressed the deteriorating state of infrastructure in the United States. While funding has often been named as the culprit, in Infrastructure Planning and Finance: A Smart and Sustainable Guide for Local Practitioners, Elmer and Leigland argue that the current failures in US infrastructure can also be attributed to a lack of coordination at the local, regional, and national scales to ensure that infrastructure investments reflect the dynamic and interconnected nature of today’s society. This textbook provides a historical and current analysis of infrastructure in the United States, clearly identifying the array of challenges and proposing an integrated vision to shift thinking on traditional infrastructure paradigms. Elmer and Leigland look at infrastructure systems, challenges facing them, and potential solutions exclusively from the perspective of the local practitioner, by which the authors mean anyone from a city planner to a director of public works to a mayor. The authors do not assume a baseline understanding of infrastructure planning and finance. Rather, they use an approachable format to provide a basic understanding of policy, regulation, and the range of systems that build the base for infrastructure in the United States. While the authors go to great lengths to cover the basics of infrastructure planning in the context of local practitioners, they also propose a paradigm shift in thinking on infrastructure provision. The authors describe this view as an interdisciplinary approach that analyzes infrastructure from a systems point of view. They write, “Just as smart growth has emphasized the conscious use of land, so smart and sustainable infrastructure emphasizes the conscious look at synergies between systems to develop infrastructure that respects the metabolism of the city (xvii).” This vision suggests that their description and analysis of infrastructure systems would extend beyond the basics of efficient and effective provision of infrastructure and provide the local practitioner with feasible pathways to establish this new infrastructure paradigm. While the authors provide a comprehensive look at the state of infrastructure in the United States and the mechanisms governing its","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP327124506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70704801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaye Bock Student Paper Award","authors":"Heather Arata, Elizabeth Mattiuzzi","doi":"10.5070/BP327124509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP327124509","url":null,"abstract":"Berkeley Planning Journal, Volume 27, 2014 Kaye Bock Student Paper Award The Kaye Bock Student Paper Award is named in loving memory of Kaye Bock—DCRP’s Student Affairs Officer for over 20 years—to honor her unbounded concern for and commitment to graduate students in this department. It is intended as an expression of gratitude from the Berkeley Planning Journal to Kaye for her critical support during our first two decades of publication. The winner is chosen by the editorial board of each volume of the Journal. It is given to an author who is currently enrolled as a student, and whose paper is an outstanding example of scholarship exemplifying Kaye’s commitment to underrepresented issues or peoples. The Award is accompanied by a $250 cash gift. This year we have selected Geoff Boeing for his article, “ LEED-ND and Livability Revisited.” Boeing uses the Temescal neighborhood in Oakland, CA to show how the LEED-ND criteria for Neighborhood Pattern and Design (NPD) can potentially overlook places rated highly as “livable” that are not captured in the current rating system. His research examines the LEED-ND certification system and questions the ability of the system to adequately address differences in community values. Geoff Boeing is a Ph.D. student studying City and Regional Planning at UC Berkeley. His research revolves around urban form, complexity theory, and the intertwined relationship between normative urban design and emergent features of urban form arising from complex systems. He is also the graduate student instructor for UC Berkeley’s Urban Informatics and Visualization course.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP327124509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70704961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The \"Mortgage Consensus” and the Housing Bubble: Revisiting the Post-Fordism Debate","authors":"Luis Flores","doi":"10.5070/BP327124501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP327124501","url":null,"abstract":"Over half a decade after the collapse of home prices in 2006, and with no shortage of books and essays on the ensuing crisis, the place of the housing bubble in political economic remains contested. Preoccupations of scholars have been high levels of income inequality model, through this brief essay I hope to highlight the usefulness of a debate that preoccupied geographers between the 1970s and 1990s, and suggest how theoretical and empirical work since, as well as the illuminating shock of the Great Recession, should compel us to interpret the political economic function of the housing bubble.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP327124501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70704974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Zuccotti Park, by Ron Shiffman","authors":"M. Wade","doi":"10.5070/bp326117525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/bp326117525","url":null,"abstract":"Beyond Zuccotti Park: Freedom of Assembly and the Occupation of Public Space Eds. Ron Schiffman, Rick Bell, Lance Jay Brown, and Lynne Elizabeth New Village Press, 2012 Reviewed by Matt Wade The occupation of Zuccotti Park and the Occupy Wall Street Movement inspired a flurry of ideas and excitement, and led to a cacophony of debates about public space, protest, and the meaning of the movement. A year later, our tents long stashed away, many of us imagined that the conversation was closed. Instead, just a year after OWS led to public encampments in cities across the US, Beyond Zuccotti Park provides a fantastic collection of celebrations and criticisms of OWS. This collection of essays includes contributions from notable academics, activists, city officials, social service professionals, and design practitioners. The diversity of authors mirrors the broad range of debates that the movement inspired, and the pieces in the volume address themes ranging from public space and democracy, to New York’s privately owned public spaces, to populist design. The contributions at the beginning of the book focus on the occupation of public space and the rise of an occupation movement in cities across the globe. Occupation is itself an ambiguous term, with progressive as well as colonial implications. Some authors celebrate the transformative experience of the occupation of Zuccotti Park and the community that was produced by addressing the challenges of an ad hoc habitation, including the provision of food and latrines and engineering bike-powered energy sources. Other authors reflect upon the meaning and symbols of occupation. Jeffrey Hou 1 examines the distinction between the politics of what he terms “institutional public space” and “insurgent public space,” suggesting that transformative actions result from the appropriation of space beyond the intent of its design or beyond the boundaries of the appropriate. Saskia Sassen further argues that the occupy movement constitutes what she calls the “global street,” a critical “part of our global modernity” that has arisen in the age of global finance, as a tool for the voiceless to make demands upon power. Finally, some critical pieces question the occupation of the center, the financial district and symbolic hub of global capitalist power. These authors contend that even this radical space contains racial coding, 1. Volume 25 of the Berkeley Planning Journal features a review of Jeffrey Hou’s Insurgent Public Space: Guerilla Urbanism and the Remaking of Contemporary Cities. This review is available at: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5990f284","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/bp326117525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70703893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Walls Don't Work, by Michael Dear","authors":"D. Leo","doi":"10.5070/bp326118216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/bp326118216","url":null,"abstract":"Berkeley Planning Journal, Volume 26, 2013 Why Walls Won’t Work By Michael Dear Oxford University Press, 2013 Reviewed by Daniela De Leo Michael Dear’s 1 latest book offers a new reading of the vast territory along the US–Mexico border, which he describes as one of “the most misunderstood places on earth” (p. xi). In his first nine chapters, the author describes the main purpose of the wall recently installed on the border. This wall was created with the aim of countering illegal immigration and containing the drug wars fomented by the Mexican cartels. The author then explains “why walls don’t work,” arguing that such borders can be considered largely ineffective and indeed destructive for the space that surrounds them. Professor Dear and his students carried out research for the book while traveling up and down both sides of a border that runs 1,969 miles from Tijuana to Brownsville, focusing on the people who live within this “defensive/offensive system” 2 rather than upon the physical reality of the wall itself. Dear refers to the people who inhabit the “in-between” space between two nation-states as a “third nation” and argues that this third nation, which preexisted the wall, has its own economy, environment, law, politics, and culture. His book is the story of this complex transitional area that may be considered a “nation” despite the fact that it does not itself constitute a nation-state 3 . In his conclusion, Dear notes that people always find ways around the walls. Literally, they pass over them, through them, and around them. This is due to the fact that governments and private interests continue to open passages and gaps in the wall. In order to support his thesis, he reminds us that the demographic composition of the United States has long-since been characterized by a substantial Hispanic population, despite the periodic “resurgence of racism,” while Mexico, despite its many problems, 1. Professor of City and Regional Planning, College of Environmental Design, UC Berkeley. 2. Considerable literature exists on this issue. Peter Marcuse, “Walls as a Metaphor and Reality,” in S. Dunn, Managing Divided Cities (Ryburn Publishing, 1994), 41–52, or Teresa Caldeira, City of Walls (Berkeley: UC Berkeley Press, 2000), give an idea of the debate. 3. But one of the critical questions might be whether this third nation can do anything without being a State?","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70704539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}