Philosophy of Science eJournal最新文献

{"title":"New Directions for Evidence Science, Complex Adaptive Systems, and a Possibly Unprovable Hypothesis About Human Flourishing","authors":"R. Allen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3223160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3223160","url":null,"abstract":"Trials, legal systems, governments, and market economies are all complex adaptive systems. Viewing them in that light opens up new avenues for research, and leads to a possibly unprovable supposition that human flourishing well be enhanced at the intersection of societies with a commitment to the rule of law that embrace free elections, market economies and responsive legal systems of which the common law is the paradigmatic example. These complex adaptive systems have the advantage of feedback mechanisms that may facilitate the intelligent exploitation of the vast amount of information contained in each of the systems.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128882921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method and Substance of Islamic Economics Revisited","authors":"Mohd Mahyudi, Enizahura Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.4197/islec.31-2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/islec.31-2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides fresh deliberations on the method and substance of\u0000Islamic economics by relying on the structure and contents of Nienhaus (2013).\u0000Introspective arguments are furnished to soundly argue that Islamic economics is still a\u0000widely disregarded field; it is an integrated science; its normative dimension is not a\u0000deterrent element; ‘Islamic economics light’ studies are one inseparable part of the\u0000discipline; and Islamic economics is a political economy. On the aforementioned\u0000issues, we essentially make further elaborations on our Islamic economics definition,\u0000‘Qur’ānic framework’, Islamic epistemology and Islamic criteria originating from our\u0000paper Mahyudi and Abdul Aziz (2017). The elaborations are extended to expound on\u0000their positive impact to the ‘Islamization of Knowledge’ agenda. We also utilize Bakar\u0000(2016) to reduce the observed tension between Sharīʿah scholars and Islamic\u0000economists that is triggered by issues surrounding legal form and economic reasoning\u0000of Islamic banking and finance products. Armed with the latest views over some\u0000foundational topics in the philosophy of Islamic economics science, our discussions\u0000proffer some guiding points on the proper conduct of Islamic economists in engaging\u0000with conventional economists and Islamic jurisprudence experts.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132702813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Bank Selection: An International Student Perspective","authors":"R. Oluwaseyitan, H. Hashim, Raja Nerina Raja Yusof","doi":"10.6007/IJARBSS/V8-I5/4174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/V8-I5/4174","url":null,"abstract":"While student bank selection has enjoyed overwhelming research attention over the past few decades, how international student determines and selects their banks has however, received little attention in the marketing literature. This study explored the determinants of banking selection, among international students in Malaysian public universities. To achieve an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon and their ranking, a qualitative research methodology was employed, along with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The findings revealed five determinants out of nine identified from the literature, as the principal determinants of banking selection, among international students. These are (i) the third-party influences, (ii) convenience of location, (iii) availability of the ATM, (iv) quality of service, and (v) financial benefits from saving. The thirdparty influence was considered as the most important determinant, and financial benefits from saving as the least important determinant of banking selection, among international students in Malaysia. The second most important was convenience of location, followed by availability of the ATM, and the quality of service respectively. The studies on international student bank selection determinant are scanty in literature, this study therefore, makes contribution to the existing knowledge in this field.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130700952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"British Exceptionalism in Adam Smith","authors":"Daniel Rothschild","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3183349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3183349","url":null,"abstract":"In numerous works, such as The Wealth of Nations and Lectures on Jurisprudence, Adam Smith provides examples of his support for British exceptionalism. Although The Wealth of Nations criticizes many of the protectionist policies adopted by Great Britain that hindered free trade, Adam Smith held Great Britain in high esteem. Smith describes Great Britain as unique with respect to geography, scientific innovations, language, and government. He suggests that a society in which people are trustworthy and engage in less crime is ultimately based on a nation’s geographic independence from other countries. Moreover, scientific innovations and progress in philosophy and literature blossom in a society in which there is greatest division of labor. If other countries followed suit, and Britain removed all the encumbrances that hinder free trade, then not only would Britain become more exceptional, but so would every other country if they decided to emulate Britain and embrace the free market. In other words, the greatness of a country can be as good as the policies of those countries let it be. The more liberty, independence, greater division of labor, and free trade, the more exceptional the country and its inhabitants can become.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124640773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Scope, New Sources, New Methods? An Essay on Contemporary Scholarship in History of Economic Thought Journals, 2016-2017","authors":"Cleo Chassonnery-Zaïgouche, Catherine Herfeld, Erich Pinzón-Fuchs","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3175929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3175929","url":null,"abstract":"This essay gives an overview of a set of selected articles published between 2016 and 2017 in the major journals that cover the history of economic thought. In surveying the literature, we focus on three major aspects – the scope, the sources, and the methods – with reference to which we discuss the novelties that we find in the recent literature on the history of economic thought.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130222218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Of Time, Uncertainty, and Policy-Making: Lionel Robbins’ Lost Philosophy of Political Economy","authors":"Thiago Dumont Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo Suprinyak","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3192655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3192655","url":null,"abstract":"In the second edition of his methodological Essay, Lionel Robbins attributes a significant role to uncertainty, dynamics and the time element. Understanding the motives that led to these revisions may offer important clues to assess what happened to political economy ever since, and how far economics has diverged from Robbins’ agenda. Our main claim is that these topics appeared on the second edition of the Essay because Robbins saw them as fundamental if economics (as a science) were to achieve its goal of being a useful tool for political economy, following the English Classical economists’ distinction between science and art. His conception of science was thus tailored to his interests in political economy, rejecting attempts to mimic the methods of the natural sciences by preserving the human element that makes economics a social science.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128905845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lawrence R. Klein and the Making of Large-Scale Macro-Econometric Modeling, 1938-1955","authors":"Erich Pinzón-Fuchs","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3148167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3148167","url":null,"abstract":"Lawrence R. Klein was the father of macro-econometric modeling, the scientific practice that dominated macroeconomics throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Therefore, understanding how Klein developed his identity as a macro-econometrician and how he conceived and forged macro-econometric modeling at the same time, is essential to draw a clear picture of the origins and subsequent development of this scientific practice in the United States. To this aim, I focus on Klein’s early trajectory as a student of economics and as an economist (from 1938-1955), and I particularly examine the extent to which the people and institutions Klein encountered helped him shape his professional identity. Klein’s experience at places like Berkeley, MIT, Cowles, and the University of Michigan, as well as his early acquaintance with people such as Griffith Evans, Paul Samuelson, and Trygve Haavelmo were decisive in the formation of his idea on how econometrics, expert knowledge, mathematical rigor, and a specific institutional configuration should enter macro-econometric modeling. Although Klein’s identity defined some of the most important characteristics of this practice, by the end of the 1950s, macro-econometric modeling became a scientific practice independent of Klein’s enthusiasm and with a “life of its own,” ready to be further developed and adapted to specific contexts by the community of macroeconomists.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124757319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A.V. Mikhailov's Theory of the Baroque in His 'Kulturwissenschaft'","authors":"Anton N. Afanasiev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3082157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3082157","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to present that A.V. Mikhailov’s historical method is systematic. Special attention is given to historical-anthropological dimension of the A.V. Mikhailov's theory of the baroque. The article shows that Mikhailov's historical anthropology should be viewed as a constitutive part of his “Kulturwissenschaft”, opposed both to the literary science and to the positivist historiography by means of commitment to historize human sciences through the notion of «new historinism».","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127291850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We are Not the Center of the Universe: The Role of Astronomy in the Moral Defense of Commerce in Adam Smith","authors":"M. Paganelli","doi":"10.1215/00182702-4193033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-4193033","url":null,"abstract":"Adam Smith's account of commercial societies as societies of strangers may be read as a moral defense of commercial societies. A society of strangers can be a fostering environment for moral development. Smith's account of moral development echoes his contemporaries' accounts of the move from geocentric to heliocentric understandings of the solar system. If we imagine ourselves at a distance from our own position, we humble the arrogance of our self-love as we realize we are not the center of the universe. In The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith describes the realization that we are not the center of the moral universe. In contemporary presentations and popularizations of astronomical theories the realization is that literally we, on Earth, are not the center of the physical universe. Adam Smith's theory of moral development, and therefore his moral defense of commercial societies, seems indebted to astronomical theories in general, rather than just to Newton, as it is commonly assumed.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125855749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alienated and Marginalised: The Social Integration of the Second Generation South Asian Muslims into Australian Society","authors":"M. Iqbal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3027820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3027820","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to research the level of social integration of second generation Muslim immigrants of six South Asian communities in Melbourne, who, either had arrived in Australia as accompanied children with their parents or born here. As a lack of information existed relative to their social integration into Australian society, a detailed research study was conducted through a semi-structured questionnaire survey, involving 117 respondents, both male and female, from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri-Lanka, Maldives Island and Myanmar, during the November 2016 and March 2017 period. The findings of this study shows that the second generation Muslims from six South Asian nations are young city dwellers and a majority of them are less optimistic about life in Australia. In today’s Australia, there is still evidence of widespread discrimination against Muslims and especially through employment practices. This research has shown that the younger Muslims from six communities in Melbourne, are more likely to be unemployed, under-employed and living in poverty. Despite their levels of education, Muslims are less likely to work in the professions and less likely to be granted a job interview than the average Australians and receive significantly less economic returns for their level of education than other Australians. This study shows that the significant differences between Muslims and Australian society are found in religiosity, gender roles and sexual norms. However, in practice, Muslims are not developing a totally separate ‘sub-culture’ from the mainstream culture as is evident in the Netherlands, France or Germany. Basic cultural values of migrants appear to change in conformity with the predominant culture of the Australian society. This research has shown that the second generation Muslim migrants, a majority of them have been partially but functionally integrated into the host society, keeping some or more of their own cultural values intact. The results of this study has revealed that it has undermined the previous assumptions on the ground that the second generation Muslim migrants from South Asia would do much better in terms of improving their ‘level of social integration’ than their first generational counter parts in Melbourne. It is apparent from this study that a large section of the second generation Muslims from those six communities, have already been alienated and marginalised in the broader Australian society.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123968997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}