{"title":"Kugel ball as an interesting application of designing the hydrosphere","authors":"Ahmad Waguih Elescandarany","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMEA.20210901.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMEA.20210901.15","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Analytical solutions are not available for the partial hemispherical hydrosphere which called as the Kugel ball fountain or the Kugel ball. However, this study offers a comprehensive idea about this phenomenon presenting a design map that gives a panoramic sight enabling the designers to easily choose whatever specifications needed for their fountain. Through simplifying the author previous formulae for this type of bearings, this paper removes the mystery of the Kugel ball phenomenon and shows that no complicated mathematic or physics are needed, as believed, to be grasped for producing such fountains. A new simple design technique is used and the most two famous fountains (at the House of Science in Patras, Greece and the largest at the Science Museum of Virginia, Richmond, USA.) are checked as an application of this design. One of the most important side results of this study is finding the equilibrium point, discovered in the author previous papers, which was considered as the equilibrium point between the forces of centripetal inertia, viscosity and friction due to the surface roughness. It becomes clear that this point is a natural characteristic of this type of bearings.","PeriodicalId":398842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122175212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some Aspects Regarding Torque Study and Elaboration of the Blades Orientation Mechanism for Microhydropower Plant","authors":"Bostan Viorel, Bostan Ion, Dulgheru Valeriu, Ciobanu Oleg","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200806.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200806.14","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of hydraulic energy conversion systems has demonstrated the opportunity for the development of water kinetic energy conversion systems compared to potential energy conversion systems. Insistent searches of authors have led to the design and licensing of some advanced technical solutions for outflow micro hydroelectric power plants. They are based on the hydrodynamic effect, generated by the hydrodynamic profile of blades and by the optimal blades' orientation towards water streams with account of energy conversion at each rotation phase of the turbine rotor. The basic advantage of the flow microhydropower plant is the increase of the conversion efficiency by the simultaneous use of the pressure effects of water streams on the blade surface and of the hydrodynamic effect generated by the hydrodynamic profile of the blade with continuous blade orientation. The most important nodes of the microhydropower plant are the hydrodynamic rotor with vertical axis and the mechanism of continuous orientation of the blades depending on the direction of water currents. The paper makes an analysis of the brief torque and of the forces applied on the hydrodynamic blades located in the transition zone from the upstream area to the downstream area, by positioning the blades according to the flow velocity of the water flow which leads to increased hydrodynamics forces developed by each blade and the simultaneous reduction of the hydraulic resistance forces to the rotation of the blades, based on which the mechanism of orienting the blades in optimal positions against water currents was designed, developed, and manufactured.","PeriodicalId":398842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications","volume":"691 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133303391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Akbar, H. Awais, Muhammad Mubashir Naveed, Hafiz Abdul Saboor, T. Manzoor
{"title":"Numerical Investigation of the Performance of Solar Collectors","authors":"M. A. Akbar, H. Awais, Muhammad Mubashir Naveed, Hafiz Abdul Saboor, T. Manzoor","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200806.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200806.13","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy is the most abundant form of energy on this planet. In Europe and other countries with relatively low temperatures, where hot water is one of the basic needs for human beings, solar collectors are used to fulfilling their needs. In this paper performance of the solar collector will be analyzed using ANSYS software. Under specific conditions, different analyses will be performed to evaluate the performance of a solar collector containing water as heat transfer fluid. A Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD analysis will be performed to check the heat transfer capability of copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al). The surging temperature could cause deformation, so in this paper, ANSYS structural software will be used to analyze the sustainability of structure under solar heat, so the performance of each material in solar energy applications can be estimated. After these analyses, we will be able to predict the maximum output temperature accurately we can obtain at a different time of the day, and each temperature we will analyze the maximum deformation within the structure because the pipes of solar collectors are not usually too thick, so the selection of material for the pipe is crucial. The purpose of this work is to simulate the performance of solar collectors under specific conditions and understand the temperature distribution along with the collector and also analyze the deformation we can obtain at different temperatures.","PeriodicalId":398842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134245497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Radnaev, Y. Sergeev, A. A. Abiduev, Sergei Vasilievich Petunov
{"title":"Formulation of Design Concepts of Complex Technical Tools and Technological Processes of Plant Cultivation","authors":"D. Radnaev, Y. Sergeev, A. A. Abiduev, Sergei Vasilievich Petunov","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200806.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200806.12","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays both agricultural science and practice possess a great amount of experimental data that should be taken into account during the process of development of new technological procedures and working tools. Consequently, the necessity of designing of technical processes appears in order to identify their effectiveness. That is why appliance of methods of synthesis of technological processes is of immediate interests. These methods of synthesis of technological processes should be based on the characteristics of tillage, seeding and production systems of the economy and latter should define the realization of projected technological processes. The design of technological processes is one of the complex problems with its characteristic feature – the lack of knowledge about the methods of designing, suitable for system and structural modeling and algorithmization of design processes. To overcome this incompleteness, a systematic approach is needed. The system approach underlines that specificity of complex objects lies in the nature of their constituent parts and elements as well as in their interrelationships. This article presents the design methodology that is based on the formulated fundamental assumptions and principles of the system including more specific statements, revealing the structure and content of the design operations, the synthesis of the solutions choice. The article also deals with the designed principles of technological compatibility and emergence suitability for system-structural analysis of complex technical means and technological processes, consisting of statements having a hierarchical structure, where the degree of the goals specification increases from level to level, and the approval of the last level determines the direction of the search for the optimal solution of the problem.","PeriodicalId":398842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124134305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of Runoff and Sediment Yield Using SWAT Model: The Case of Katar Watershed, Rift Valley Lake Basin of Ethiopia","authors":"Dulo Husen, B. Abate","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200806.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200806.11","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating runoff and sediment yield at watershed level is important for better understanding of hydrologic processes and identifying hotspot area by using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for intervention strategies. From the result of Global sensitivity analysis, 12 highly sensitive parameters identified. The obtained results were satisfactory for the gauging station (coefficient of determination (R2)=0.8, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE)=0.6 and percent difference or percent bias (PBIAS)=0) from 1990 to 2005(16) years used calibration and (R2=0.6, ENS=0.55and PBIAS=1.2) from 2006 to 2013(8 year) were used for validation period respectively. Among all sub-watersheds, nine sub watersheds were more vulnerable to soil loss and potentially prone to erosion risk, which was out of range of tolerable soil loss rate (18 tha-1yr-1). In conclusion, the SWAT model could be effectively used to estimate runoff and sediment yield; and identified hotspot area. In addition, the result could help different stakeholders to plan and implement appropriate interventions strategies in the Katar watershed.","PeriodicalId":398842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132213916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinwei Fan, Qiang Liu, Weihua Li, L. Xue, Chenbao Li
{"title":"Geometric Error Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of CNC Internal Circular Compound Grinding Machine","authors":"Jinwei Fan, Qiang Liu, Weihua Li, L. Xue, Chenbao Li","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200805.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200805.12","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the machining accuracy and efficiency of the hole and sleeve parts, it is necessary to improve the overall grinding accuracy of the CNC (Computer Numerical Control) internal cylindrical compound grinding machine more accurately and efficiently. First of all, it is necessary to clarify the degree of influence of each error parameter on the grinding accuracy, and compensate each error according to the different degree of influence. In this paper, modeling calculation analysis is carried out for a certain type of CNC internal cylindrical compound grinding machine. Firstly, based on the theory of multi-body system dynamics, the topological structure of the CNC internal cylindrical compound grinder is established. According to the topological structure, the position, motion matrix and error matrix of the moving parts of the grinder are written. After data processing, the numerical control internal cylindrical compound grinder is calculated. Use this model to derivate each error parameter to obtain the sensitivity expression of each error parameter. After the actual structure parameters of the grinder are brought into the expression, the sensitivity coefficient of each error parameter can be determined by normalization treatment. The key error parameter with larger sensitivity coefficient is the key error parameter. Finally, several error parameters which have the greatest impact on the overall grinding accuracy of the grinder are obtained. This method provides the basis for the improvement of the grinding accuracy of the subsequent grinder, and creates conditions for the improvement of the machining accuracy of sleeve parts.","PeriodicalId":398842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117090202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Shimoi, C. Cuadra, H. Madokoro, Kazuhisa Nakasho
{"title":"Comparison of Displacement Measurements and Simulation on Fillet Weld of Steel Column Base","authors":"N. Shimoi, C. Cuadra, H. Madokoro, Kazuhisa Nakasho","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200805.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200805.11","url":null,"abstract":"The Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake (Kobe earthquake) that occurred on January 17. 1995, caused extensive and severe damages to a large number of buildings in Kobe city area. After the earthquake many steel structures were constructed using frame welded joint of welded construction and welded base. However, the capacity of these weld joints to absorb energy during earthquakes is small. For that reason, it is believed that in the design of steel structures that use welded joints, strong earthquake resistant characteristics must be provided in special for those joints of the steel welded bases. Moreover, these weld joints have little capacity to absorb energy during earthquakes. Therefore, for designing steel structures incorporating welded joints, strong earthquake-resistance characteristics must be specially provided for those joints of steel welded bases. Furthermore, structural monitoring will be necessary. Using simple dynamic measurements and simulations, this report evaluates the resistance and displacement characteristics of fillet welded construction by piezoelectric joint sensors.","PeriodicalId":398842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131007454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modelling and Simulation of the Multi-effect/Thermal Vapor Compression Distillation Process","authors":"Khalid Bamardouf, O. Hamed, A. Mahmoud","doi":"10.11648/j.ijmea.20200804.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20200804.12","url":null,"abstract":"The Multi-effect distillation (MED) associated with thermal vapor compression (TVC) process has recently been applied for a number of desalination plants in the GCC countries and emerged as a strong competitor to the multistage flash distillation (MSF) process. The MED/TVC desalination process is characterized by low power consumption compared to the MSF process. It is currently operated at low TBT of 65°C to avoid scale formation compared to MSF technology which operate at top brine temperature of 110°C, this lead to lower tendency to scale formation and less fouling risk. The use of more efficient pretreatment to MED/TVC desalination plants such as nano-filtration or high performance additive antiscalant would allow operating MED at higher TBT which allow increasing the performance ratio. A simulation steady-state program has been established to analyze the thermodynamic behavior of parallel feed flow MED/TVC unit at a wide range of TBT from 65°C up to 125°C and different number of effects with different condition of motive steam pressure on the performance ratio, and specific heat transfer and therefore the best design of MED for the future different design options were considered to optimize the operational of MED system to enhance the economics and performance of MED technology.","PeriodicalId":398842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120955009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Solution to Remove Railway Track Discontinuities at Spiral Junctions","authors":"J. Pascal","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200804.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200804.11","url":null,"abstract":"To design railway track layouts, engineers use tangent and circle segments. To maintain curvature and bank angle continuities between flat straight lines, with zero curvature, and banked circles, they use spiral segments where curvature and bank angle vary linearly as function of distance. This method meets the behavior of track engineers for which curvature and super-elevation are the main data used to lay the groundwork. However, it demonstrates dynamical drawbacks at both ends of spirals where bank angle and curvature derivatives would be discontinuous. Several unsuccessful attempts have been made to change spirals definition to alleviate this issue. In reality, track engineers smoothen the theoretical layout at the junctions, but there is no analytical definition for that although it is necessary track data at least for simulation codes. Smoothing portions are called ‘doucines’ but the maps of railway lines do not mention these unknown data and railway numerical codes ignore them, thus having to deal with subsequent dynamical perturbations which are avoided by doucines in reality. This paper proposes an analytical definition of practical doucines which does not modify actual theoretical method for designing lines. It also describes a method for programming it in railway codes. It uses trigonometric functions, sine and cosine which are simple to integrate to get at first the track orientation and then the X-Y coordinates of the layout line. In addition to doucine definitions, usable as well in practice as for all multibody codes, the paper shows how it can be implemented into the specific French calculation method, which uses an imaginary space, developed at first for calculating the dynamics of TGV. After modifying the author’s Ocrecym code according to the proposed doucine method, dynamical simulations of a light trailer coach, running over curved lines with and without doucines are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed solution.","PeriodicalId":398842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126965947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prospect of Utilization of Solar Energy in SWCC Existing MED Desalination Satellite Plants","authors":"A. Al-Ghamdi, A. Mahmoud, Khalid Bamardouf","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200803.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMEA.20200803.12","url":null,"abstract":"The shortage of drinking water source limits the socio-economic development of many areas of the world. Saudi Arabia has very limited resources in fresh water source and around 40 to 50% of portable water in Saudi Arabia is produced by desalination technology which depends on using fossil energy. The high cost of the water and electricity production reflects depleting the Oil resources of the country which is nonrenewable, solar energy would be a good alternative since Saudi Arabia has abundant free solar energy. This study investigates the feasibility of using concentrated solar power system (CSP) for thermal desalination. The study is conducted for CSP coupled with multi effect desalination with thermal vapor compressor (MED-TVC) existed in western province Saudi Arabia in five locations with various DNI, for two cases, without storage and with 16 hours storage. The total saving from coupling solar collectors to all five plants shows around 20.45 million $ per year. Using of solar energy can reduce carbon dioxide emission to the environment by 420 thousands ton per year for all selected plants.","PeriodicalId":398842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129946071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}