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Does Computer-Aided Instruction Improve Children's Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills? 计算机辅助教学能提高孩子的认知和非认知技能吗？
IF 1.5
Asian Development Review Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.1162/ADEV_A_00159
Hirotake Ito, Keiko Kasai, Hiromu Nishiuchi, Makiko Nakamuro
{"title":"Does Computer-Aided Instruction Improve Children's Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills?","authors":"Hirotake Ito, Keiko Kasai, Hiromu Nishiuchi, Makiko Nakamuro","doi":"10.1162/ADEV_A_00159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/ADEV_A_00159","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper examines the causal effects of computer-aided instruction (CAI) on children's cognitive and noncognitive skills. We ran a clustered randomized controlled trial at five elementary schools with more than 1,600 students near Phnom Penh, Cambodia. After 3 months of intervention, we find that the average treatment effects on cognitive skills are positive and statistically significant, while hours of study were unchanged both at home and in the classroom. This indicates that CAI is successful in improving students’ learning productivity per hour. Furthermore, we find that CAI raises students’ subjective expectation to attend college in the future.","PeriodicalId":39852,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42070090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Education–Occupation Mismatch and Its Wage Penalties in Informal Employment in Thailand 泰国非正规就业教育职业错配及其工资处罚
IF 1.5
Asian Development Review Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.1162/ADEV_A_00160
Tanthaka Vivatsurakit, Jessica Vechbanyongratana
{"title":"Education–Occupation Mismatch and Its Wage Penalties in Informal Employment in Thailand","authors":"Tanthaka Vivatsurakit, Jessica Vechbanyongratana","doi":"10.1162/ADEV_A_00160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/ADEV_A_00160","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study examines the incidence of vertical mismatch among formal and informal workers in Thailand. Using the 2011, 2013, and 2015 Thailand Household Socio-economic Surveys, the study analyzes the relationship between vertical mismatch and wage penalties and premiums across four types of workers: formal government, formal private firm, informal private firm, and informal own-account workers. The incidence of overeducation is modest among the oldest cohort (8.7%) but prevalent among the youngest cohort (29.3%). Government employees face the highest overeducation wage penalties (28.2%) compared to matched workers, while in private firms, informal workers have consistently higher overeducation wage penalties than formal workers. Educated young workers are increasingly absorbed into low-skill informal work in private firms and face large overeducation wage penalties. The inability of many young workers to capitalize on their educational investments in Thailand's formal labor market is a concern for future education and employment policy development in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":39852,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41962467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Seasonal Labor Mobility in the Pacific: Past Impacts, Future Prospects 太平洋地区的季节性劳动力流动:过去的影响，未来的展望
IF 1.5
Asian Development Review Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.1162/ADEV_A_00156
J. Gibson, R. Bailey
{"title":"Seasonal Labor Mobility in the Pacific: Past Impacts, Future Prospects","authors":"J. Gibson, R. Bailey","doi":"10.1162/ADEV_A_00156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/ADEV_A_00156","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Pacific islands have weak economic growth and limited structural change compared to the rest of developing Asia. Remoteness and low economic density are two causes. To mitigate these constraints, bilateral arrangements with Australia and New Zealand let Pacific workers seasonally migrate to access higher-paying, more dynamic labor markets. Managed circular schemes are designed to benefit employers in labor-intensive sectors like horticulture, Pacific workers with limited employment opportunities in their own countries, and the communities providing workers. Several studies show large, positive impacts, but more general development impacts have been harder to find. Likewise, clear quantitative evidence of positive impacts in host countries has been hard to obtain. In this paper, we review the main seasonal labor mobility schemes in the Pacific and provide new evidence on community-level and aggregate impacts.","PeriodicalId":39852,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47211149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Population Aging and the Three Demographic Dividends in Asia 人口老龄化与亚洲的三大人口红利
IF 1.5
Asian Development Review Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.1162/ADEV_A_00157
N. Ogawa, N. Mansor, Sang-Hyop Lee, M. Abrigo, T. Aris
{"title":"Population Aging and the Three Demographic Dividends in Asia","authors":"N. Ogawa, N. Mansor, Sang-Hyop Lee, M. Abrigo, T. Aris","doi":"10.1162/ADEV_A_00157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/ADEV_A_00157","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study first examines the trends in age structural shifts in selected Asian economies over the period 1950–2050 and analyzes their impact on economic growth in terms of the first and second demographic dividends computed from the system of National Transfer Accounts. Then, using the National Transfer Accounts, we analyze the effect of the age structural shifts on the pattern of intergenerational transfers in Japan; the Republic of Korea; and Taipei,China. A brief comparison of the results reveals that, in the next few decades, the latter two are likely to follow in Japan's footsteps by increasing public transfers and asset reallocations, and by reducing familial transfers, particularly among older persons. Next, we consider a newly defined demographic dividend, which is generated through the use of the untapped work capacity of healthy older persons and to which we refer as “the silver” or “the third” demographic dividend. By drawing upon microlevel datasets obtained from Japan and Malaysia, we calculate the magnitude of the impact of that dividend on macroeconomic growth in each of the two economies, concluding that while in Japan the expected effect is substantial, in Malaysia it will take several decades before the country can enjoy comparable benefits.","PeriodicalId":39852,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46656134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Social Capital and Innovation in East Asia 东亚社会资本与创新
IF 1.5
Asian Development Review Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.1162/ADEV_A_00163
Seo-Young Cho
{"title":"Social Capital and Innovation in East Asia","authors":"Seo-Young Cho","doi":"10.1162/ADEV_A_00163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/ADEV_A_00163","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper investigates the relationship between social capital and innovation in high-performing East Asian economies. Rapid economic growth and innovation in these economies contradicts the presumed positive link between social trust and innovation suggested in the literature, as these economies are often characterized as low-trust societies. The results of the multilevel analyses conducted in this paper show that social trust among individuals is not a driving force of innovation in East Asia. Instead, other elements of social capital—shared social norms of supporting collective developmental goals and trust in formal institutions—are more important determinants of innovation. This finding reveals the region-specific developmental path of East Asia—states set innovation and growth as common goals for society and played an active role in initiating and coordinating efforts to achieve them.","PeriodicalId":39852,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43333218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
What's Happened to Poverty and Inequality in Indonesia over Half a Century? 半个多世纪以来，印尼的贫困和不平等到底发生了什么?
IF 1.5
Asian Development Review Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.1162/ADEV_A_00158
Hal Hill
{"title":"What's Happened to Poverty and Inequality in Indonesia over Half a Century?","authors":"Hal Hill","doi":"10.1162/ADEV_A_00158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/ADEV_A_00158","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Indonesia has achieved moderately fast economic growth for most of the past 50 years. Has this growth translated into rising living standards? This is the question that is addressed in this paper. The conclusion is a qualified yes. The caveat is attached for two reasons: (i) philosophically, the definition of living standards remains a subject of considerable conjecture, and (ii) not all social indicators point in the same direction. I focus primarily on trends in measurable indicators of human welfare, particularly poverty and inequality. Combined with major improvements in the coverage and quality of the country's statistics, and a now extensive literature, it is possible to document, and in some cases explain, trends in living standards in some detail. I also investigate whether (and how) the sudden swing during 1999–2001 from an authoritarian and centralized regime to a democratic and decentralized era impacted significantly on these trends.","PeriodicalId":39852,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42599970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Impact of Rural Credit on Household Welfare: Evidence from a Long-Term Panel in Bangladesh 农村信贷对家庭福利的影响:来自孟加拉国长期研究小组的证据
IF 1.5
Asian Development Review Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.315057
A. Hossain, Abdul Malek Mohammad, Zhengfei Yu
{"title":"Impact of Rural Credit on Household Welfare: Evidence from a Long-Term Panel in Bangladesh","authors":"A. Hossain, Abdul Malek Mohammad, Zhengfei Yu","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.315057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.315057","url":null,"abstract":"Using 791 consistent households in the balanced panel, comprising 3,985 households in the unbalanced panel–from a nationally representative, multipurpose, five-round (1988, 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2014) Mahabub Hossain Panel Data in Bangladesh—we provide evidence for the long-term impact of different rural credit sources—which include formal banks, quasiformal microfinance institutes, and informal channels—on household welfare indicators. We find that the long-term impact of access to rural credit on a few welfare indicators is statistically insignificant and sometimes negative. This finding mostly holds when we investigate the impact of different rural credit sources separately. Our results raise a question on the progressive lending of some credit sources, especially microfinance institutes, and have implications for the introduction of nationwide credit bureaus in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":39852,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Review","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83473138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Relationship between Product Complexity and Exchange Rate Elasticities: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China’s Manufacturing Industries 产品复杂性与汇率弹性的关系:来自中国制造业的证据
IF 1.5
Asian Development Review Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/s0116110521500037
Willem Thorbecke, Chen Chen, Nimesh Salike
{"title":"The Relationship between Product Complexity and Exchange Rate Elasticities: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China’s Manufacturing Industries","authors":"Willem Thorbecke, Chen Chen, Nimesh Salike","doi":"10.1142/s0116110521500037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0116110521500037","url":null,"abstract":"More complex products are less substitutable in international trade and may therefore have lower price elasticities. We investigate this issue using 960 types of manufactured exports from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to 190 partner economies disaggregated at the Harmonized System 4-digit level. We measure complexity using Hidalgo and Hausmann’s (2009) product complexity index. We find that price elasticities are lower for more complex goods. These results imply that the PRC can reduce its exporters’ exposure to tariffs, trade wars, and exchange rate volatility by upgrading its export basket.","PeriodicalId":39852,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64077284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
ADB COVID-19 Policy Database: A Guide 亚行COVID-19政策数据库:指南
IF 1.5
Asian Development Review Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1162/adev_a_00147
J. Felipe, Scott T. Fullwiler
{"title":"ADB COVID-19 Policy Database: A Guide","authors":"J. Felipe, Scott T. Fullwiler","doi":"10.1162/adev_a_00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00147","url":null,"abstract":"The ADB COVID-19 Policy Database displays the measures taken and monetary amounts announced or estimated by the 68 members of the Asian Development Bank, two institutions, and nine other economies (i.e., a total of 79 entries) until May 2020, to fight the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Measures are classified according to (i) the path a given measure takes to affect the financial system, spending, production, and so forth, i.e., provide liquidity, encourage credit creation by the financial sector, or directly fund households; and (ii) the effects on the financial statements of households, businesses, government, i.e., whether the measures create more debt or more income. This gives a total of nine categories. When the information is available, we report the amounts that governments have announced (intentions) they will allocate to each measure (in many cases, no amount is provided because the measure does not entail spending, e.g., interest rate reductions). These are a mix of actual amounts and estimates, today and in the future (without specifying when). The database will be updated, revised, and expanded as information is released. It is available at https://covid19policy.adb.org/.","PeriodicalId":39852,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1162/adev_a_00147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46978184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Does the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce Align Private Firms with the Goals of the People's Republic of China's Belt and Road Initiative? 中华全国工商联是否使民营企业与中国“一带一路”倡议的目标保持一致?
IF 1.5
Asian Development Review Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1162/adev_a_00149
J. Nugent, Jiaxuan Lu
{"title":"Does the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce Align Private Firms with the Goals of the People's Republic of China's Belt and Road Initiative?","authors":"J. Nugent, Jiaxuan Lu","doi":"10.1162/adev_a_00149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00149","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates that the largest business association of private firms in the People's Republic of China (PRC), the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC), has induced its members to help achieve the goals of the PRC's extremely ambitious but risky Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) since its inauguration in 2013. Through its newspaper, the ACFIC has drawn the attention of its member firms to countries participating in the BRI, which has led to increased trade between provinces in the PRC and BRI-participating countries emphasized by the ACFIC's newspaper. The results show that the PRC's exports have been encouraged substantially more than its imports, which could be a cause for concern for the sustainability of the BRI. The results were obtained through various specially designed versions of the gravity model and have shown to be robust to the use of various methods for mitigating possible estimation biases.","PeriodicalId":39852,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"45-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1162/adev_a_00149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47438399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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