Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects最新文献

{"title":"Thermal regulation and hemodynamic responses of nanoparticle-enriched blood flow in a partially occluded multiple-stenosed artery","authors":"Dunya Waqfi ,&nbsp;Huey Tyng Cheong ,&nbsp;Katta Ramesh","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoparticle-enriched blood, referred to nanoblood, has attracted significant attention in medical science due to its applications for improving heat transfer, regulating blood flow characteristics, and enhancing targeted drug delivery in diseased arteries. In particular, the incorporation of nanoparticles such as gold, silver, and copper can modify blood viscosity, velocity profiles, arterial wall shear stress, pressure gradient and temperature, which are critical factors in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, including stenosis and atherosclerosis. The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model to investigate the effects of suspending gold, silver, and copper nanoparticles in blood flowing through a multiple-stenosed artery under the influence of magnetic field, Joule heating, thermal radiation, and electroosmotic force. The modified Navier–Stokes equations are employed to describe the continuity, momentum, and energy transport, while the non-Newtonian nature of blood is formulated using the Casson fluid model. By applying appropriate physical assumptions and non-dimensional variables, the governing equations are simplified and solved using the Frobenius method and homotopy perturbation technique. It is observed that gold/blood flow exhibits the lowest arterial wall shear stress magnitude when compared with (gold–silver)/blood and (gold–silver–copper)/blood flows. Furthermore, the nanoblood velocity along the <span><math><mi>z</mi></math></span>-direction increases with the increasing height of stenoses. In the center of artery <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, rising values of electroosmosis parameter from 1 to 4 results in <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>81</mn><mtext>%</mtext><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>29</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>, and 1.09% rise in (Au–Ag–Cu)/blood temperature at <span><math><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span> (peak of stenoses), respectively. Results of this study offer valuable insights into the behavior of blood flow in stenotic arteries in the presence of nanoparticles, which is of significant importance in disease treatment and biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101655"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of green tea polyphenols coating on magnetite nanoparticles in photocatalytic dye degradation","authors":"Lavita Sarma ,&nbsp;M.P. C. Kalita ,&nbsp;Sidananda Sarma ,&nbsp;Runjun Sarma","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water pollution by dye-containing industrial effluent emerged as an environmental challenge due to its toxicity and persistence in the aquatic system. Tea polyphenol-coated magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified coprecipitation method, and their photocatalytic performance was evaluated through the degradation of a cationic dye (methylene blue) under simulated sunlight irradiation. Structural analysis of the samples was carried out by using an X-ray diffractometer and a transmission electron microscope, which revealed the formation of predominantly single-phase magnetite with a particle size 7–10 nm. Application of tea extract (Camellia sinensis) as a source of tea polyphenol reduces the particle size and suppresses agglomeration. The co-existence of Fe^2 + /Fe³⁺ states and the role of polyphenol in stabilizing the Fe²⁺ ions was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique. The effect of polyphenol content on the magnetic samples was reflected in the EPR spectra. The nanoparticles were found to be ferrimagnetic at low temperature (77 K) and superparamagnetic at room temperature. The moderate polyphenol-coated sample showed the highest magnetic moment (<em>M</em>_<em>S</em>= 57 emug⁻¹ at room temperature) among the samples under study due to reduced hematite impurities and balanced particle size effects (10 nm). Zeta potential measurements revealed enhanced colloidal stability and increasingly negative surface charge with higher polyphenol content, which promotes a strong electrostatic interaction with the cationic dyes. Moreover, increasing polyphenol coating on magnetite nanoparticles significantly enhanced dye removal efficiency (up to 92%) in. This study highlights the effectiveness of an eco-friendly and simple synthesis route for developing highly efficient, magnetically recoverable photo-catalysts for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101659"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesized graphene-silicon oxides hybrid nanocomposite using laser ablation for optoelectronic and antibacterial activity","authors":"Khansaa Haleem Mohsin ,&nbsp;Ehssan Al-Bermany ,&nbsp;Siti Azrah Mohamad Samsuri ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Amshawee ,&nbsp;Naser M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green methods for synthesizing nanocomposites revealed unique properties, making them versatile for multi-biophysical applications. Pulsed laser ablation (PLAL), using a pulsed Q-Switched CO₂ laser to synthesize graphene oxide-silicon dioxide (GO@SiO₂) with an energy of 250 mJ and 10.6 μm wavelength. Three different times (1, 2.5, and 5) minutes were applied for each pulse. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed a strong bond between the GO and SiO₂ nanomaterials. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy confirmed that increasing the pulse time increased the element content. The Raman spectra confirm the successful formation of GO@SiO₂ nanocomposites, preserving the graphitic structure (D and G bands) alongside the characteristic Si–O–Si vibrational modes. Increasing PLAL ablation time enhances peak intensity and improves interfacial interaction between GO and silica. Dynamic light scattering revealed the size of the nanoparticles and demonstrated the presence of a monolayer and a few GO layers in the SiO₂ nanoparticle system. Based on its optical properties, GO@SiO₂ exhibits an absorption peak between 200 and 280 nm. The energy bandgap decreased from 4.7 eV to 4.28 eV and from 4.2 eV to 3.8 eV for the allowed and forbidden transitions, respectively. It was observed that as the concentration of synthesized GO nanosheets was increased, the inhibition zones of <em>E. coli and S. aureus</em> increased from 06 mm to 20 mm and from 21 mm, respectively. GO@SiO₂ nanoparticles exhibit a significant cytotoxic effect against HT-29 colon cancer cells. The syntheses of GO demonstrated promising properties for optoelectronic devices and biological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101695"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-derived activated carbon supported silver nanoparticles for water disinfection: A comprehensive review","authors":"Belete Tessema,&nbsp;Getahun Tefera,&nbsp;Glen Bright","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This comprehensive review explores biomass-derived activated carbon supported silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a sustainable solution for water disinfection. Water contamination from pathogens, organic pollutants, and heavy metals poses significant health risks globally, emphasizing the need for effective, affordable treatment technologies. AgNPs exhibit potent antimicrobial properties, especially at the nanoscale, but face challenges such as stability, environmental toxicity, and leaching. Supporting AgNPs on biomass-derived activated carbon—obtained from agricultural waste, forestry residues, and other biomass sources—enhances stability, dispersibility, and reusability while aligning with green chemistry principles. The synthesis methods, including chemical reduction and green approaches, produce uniform, well-dispersed nanoparticles anchored onto porous carbon supports, resulting in efficient microbial inactivation through mechanisms like silver ion release, reactive oxygen species generation, and membrane disruption. The porous structure facilitates pollutant adsorption, concentrating microbes near active silver sites. Laboratory studies demonstrate rapid bactericidal and virucidal effects, high reusability, and minimal silver leaching. However, challenges such as scaling synthesis, long-term stability, and environmental safety remain. Future directions involve optimizing immobilization techniques, developing eco-friendly synthesis routes, and integrating these nanocomposites into multifunctional water treatment systems. Biomass-supported AgNPs hold promise for sustainable, cost-effective, and efficient water sanitation, especially in resource-limited settings, contributing to global health and environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101689"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147951159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-precipitated engineered nanocrystalline magnesium oxide: Structural symmetry and thermal behavior analysis insights","authors":"Fariha Zannat ,&nbsp;Mohshin Maola ,&nbsp;Md. Ashraful Alam ,&nbsp;Debasish Sarkar ,&nbsp;Raton Kumar Bishwas ,&nbsp;Subarna Sandhani Dey ,&nbsp;Shirin Akter Jahan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly crystalline magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) with a pronounced preferential orientation along the (2 0 0) plane were synthesized by a simple co-precipitation route. The X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of phase-pure cubic MgO (99.20 %) with a lattice parameter of 4.2158 Å and an average crystallite size of 29.35 nm. The NPs exhibited a wide optical band gap of 5.90 eV and a high specific surface area of 60.96 m² g⁻¹ . Thermal analysis demonstrated good stability, with an activation energy of 32.25 kJ mol⁻¹ and an exothermic crystallization event at 511.3–520.5 °C (ΔH= 5.843 J g⁻¹), indicating the transformation of residual amorphous domains into crystalline MgO. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed predominantly spheroidal particles with a mean size of 33.95 nm, while HR-TEM showed an interplanar spacing of 0.2103 nm, corresponding to the dominant (2 0 0) plane without a defect. The synthesized MgO NPs showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungal strains. These results demonstrate that the combination of nanoscale dimensions, high phase purity MgO NPs with multifunctional properties, makes them promising candidates for antimicrobial ceramic coatings technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101702"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheological properties and tribological performance of tungsten disulfide nanosheet dispersed nanofluids","authors":"Anand Gaurav,&nbsp;Puja Jha,&nbsp;Aditya Roy,&nbsp;Gayatri Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study focuses on the assessment of rheological properties and tribological performance of tungsten disulphide (WS₂) nanosheet dispersed oil-based nanofluids. The prepared nanofluids are investigated to understand the prolonged dispersion stability. Results suggest that the nanofluids are stable for more than 15 days. The dispersion stability is further improved by adding suitable surface modifiers to the nanofluids. The rheological properties of the base fluid and the nanofluids are strongly governed by the concentration of nanosheets, shear rate, and type of surface modifier. The tribological performance of the nanofluids are studied under ball-plate sliding reciprocation simulated conditions. Parameters like applied load, type of surface modifier, concentration of nanosheets are observed to primarily affect the coefficient of friction and worn surface morphology of the mating tribo-pair. The addition of surfactant during the preparation of the nanofluids helps in stable dispersion of the nano-additives and reduces the coefficient of friction (COF). A maximum reduction of ∼30% in COF is observed for the nanofluids in comparison to the base oil. Nanofluids, in general, are observed to improve the tribological performance of the base oil by reduced wear and friction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101683"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of nano CeO2 particles and surface roughness on wear behavior and heat maps of WC composite coating","authors":"A.M. Shriharsha ,&nbsp;C.R. Raghavendra ,&nbsp;S. Basavarajappa ,&nbsp;H.M. Harish ,&nbsp;Sharanappagouda Kadabinakatti ,&nbsp;S.S. Vinay ,&nbsp;K. Devendra","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present article investigates the influence of different composition of nano CeO₂ particles from 5.0 wt% to 20.0 wt% in the WC wear-resistant coating to enhance the sliding wear life on Al6082 T6 substrate. The influence of surface roughness of the coating on the specific wear rate and heat distribution on the worn surface was studied using novel Arduino thermal sensor-based system. The synergistic mechanism by which WC and secondary nano-CeO₂ particles enhance surface-functionalization of the coating were systematically explored. Microstructural characterization, specific sliding wear evaluation, and coefficient of friction of WC-nano CeO₂ particle coatings were conducted. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy was used to study surface morphology and elemental composition analysis. The results validates that the presence of secondary phase nano CeO₂ particles in the WC matrix significantly improves the coatings grain structure resulting in enhanced specific wear rate. However, the optimal performance is achieved at a CeO₂ composition of 15.0 wt% compared to rest of the coating compositions. The novel approach of using Arduino uno board integrated with AGM8833 IR camera is used to analyse the wear track by heat maps. This method of determining heat maps provides a new window to analyse the wear nature and corresponding debris formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101654"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of process parameters on kinetics and characteristics of graphene produced by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite foil","authors":"G. Awasthi ,&nbsp;K. Mistry ,&nbsp;M. Salot ,&nbsp;K. Santhy ,&nbsp;D. Mandal ,&nbsp;S.G. Singh ,&nbsp;S.K. Chaudhury","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical exfoliation of graphene is emerging as an efficient process owing to its high scalability. However, most studies are conducted at high voltages, resulting in multi-layer graphene with high defect concentrations. In this study, multilayer graphene was synthesized via electrochemical exfoliation of graphite foil using KOH solution at various processing conditions. The effects of various process parameters, including molarity, electrode spacing, electrolyte temperature, current density, and stirring speed, on the kinetics of graphene exfoliation were studied. The as-synthesized graphene was characterized using various techniques. TEM, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of multilayer graphene with relatively low defect concentrations. A proof-of-concept study showed that tungsten oxide nanopowder exhibits improved NO₂ gas-sensing performance when mixed with graphene. The minimum concentration of NO₂ detected at room temperature using tungsten oxide mixed with graphene nanoplatelets was 0.75 ppm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101684"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response surface optimization of fluoride sequestration using L-lysine stabilized mesoporous silica xerogel","authors":"Atul Srivastava ,&nbsp;Anushree Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the fluoride removal efficiency of <span>L</span>-lysine functionalized silica xerogel and optimizes the adsorption process using response surface methodology. SEM and EDX studies revealed an irregular porous morphology with elemental composition, while XRD confirmed the predominantly amorphous silica framework. FTIR indicated characteristic Si–O–Si and –NH functional groups. BET analysis showed a high specific surface area of 245.16 m² g⁻¹ , and XPS confirmed siloxane (Si–O–Si) linkages (Si 2p at 103.4 eV) along with nitrogen-containing functionalities. Batch adsorption experiments assessed the effects of pH, initial fluoride concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature. The equilibrium data followed the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption, while kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting chemisorption. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. A central composite design generated a statistically significant quadratic model (p &lt; 0.0001), identifying pH and initial fluoride concentration as the most influential factors. Under optimized conditions of pH 6.6, fluoride concentration 14.4 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 3.0 g/L, contact time 164 min, and temperature 31.35 °C, a maximum removal efficiency of 99.52% was predicted and experimentally validated. These results demonstrate the potential applicability of the functionalized silica xerogel for effective fluoride removal from contaminated water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101685"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147951160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile co-precipitation synthesis of bismuth ferrite (Bi₂Fe₄O₉) nanoparticles: Structural, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic characterization","authors":"Ahmed M. Ajam,&nbsp;Khalid Haneen Abass","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wide range of Bismuth compounds offers various applications, whereas bismuth ferrite is one of the suitable compounds for photocatalytic applications. In this paper, a successful preparation of bismuth ferrite (Bi₂Fe₄O₉) by a simple and low-cost co-precipitation method is presented, aiming to develop a photocatalyst for the treatment of organic pollutants. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the sample were analyzed using XRD, SEM, and FTIR techniques. XRD results showed the formation of a pure crystalline phase with a highly regular mullite structure and nanocrystals with an average size of 30 nm, while SEM images revealed interconnected quasi-spherical particles that enhance charge transport. Spectral analyses confirmed the presence of characteristic peaks of Fe–O and Bi–O bonds within the structure, in addition to active surface –OH groups that contribute to the generation of hydroxyl radicals. The optical absorption spectrum showed an energy gap of 2.3 eV, suggesting potential responsiveness to both ultraviolet and visible regions. In photocatalytic tests, the catalyst achieved approximately 12% degradation of methylene blue dye within 150 min under UV irradiation, with an apparent pseudo-first-order rate constant of 4.0 × 10⁻⁴ min⁻¹ and a regression coefficient of R² = 0.9267, outperforming direct photodegradation. Comparative analysis with literature reports indicates that higher efficiencies (up to 80–99%) and faster kinetics have been achieved in optimized Bi₂Fe₄O₉ systems, where rate constants typically fall within the range of 10⁻³ to 10⁻² min⁻¹ . The reaction followed apparent first-order kinetics, indicating a surface-controlled mechanism. The results indicate that Bi₂Fe₄O₉ possesses suitable structural and electronic properties for photocatalytic applications; however, its activity under the present conditions remains limited, highlighting the need for further optimization. This could be achieved through strategies such as heterostructure formation or controlled doping to enhance charge separation and extend light absorption toward the visible region</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101666"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}