Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects最新文献

{"title":"Four-dimensional (4D) printing of naturally-derived hydroxyapatite nanocomposite-based scaffolds for biomedical applications: A review","authors":"Irfan Mohammad ,&nbsp;Ashok Jeshurun ,&nbsp;Bogala Mallikharjuna Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to advancements in 4D printing (4DP) technology, bioprinted materials can have many functions and dynamic features. Occluders, stents, microneedles, wound closures, smart cell microenvironments, implants, and drug delivery systems, are some examples of biomedical objects that have been manufactured using 4DP peocess. Due to similarity to bioapatite, hydroxyapatite nanocomposites (HAp NCs) are promising biomaterials in tissue engineering. Conventionally, bone/tissue engineering has extensively used HAp NCs due to their osteogenic and biocompatible qualities. However, traditional HAp production procedures restrict their extensive application in fabrication of biomedical materials, including bones, teeth, cartilage, etc. Novel techniques like 4DP have been used to create customized HAp NC–based scaffolds for the patients. In this review, we provide an overview of different 4DP methods that are utilized in the HAp NC-based scaffolds fabrication. Various natural sources of HAp and different synthesis methods have been investigated. Several 4DP HAp NC-based scaffolds, their properties, biomedical applications, advantages, disadvantages, and future prospects are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101550"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diosgenin-based nanomedicine: Advances in formulation strategies, biomedical applications, and translational challenges","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Amini","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diosgenin, a natural phytochemical, is promising in treating various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular conditions. Notably, it serves as a crucial raw material in the production of several steroid medications within the pharmaceutical industry. Given the vast array of opportunities presented by nanotechnology in the field of biomedicine, substantial research efforts have focused on the development of diverse nanoformulations derived from natural compounds, including diosgenin. This review examines a range of studies regarding the application of diosgenin in preparing nanomaterials, as well as the utilization of nanomaterials for the production, application, or delivery of diosgenin itself. Key insights into the remarkable potential of diosgenin within medical nanotechnology are emphasized. Its hydrophobic nature allows for efficient loading by organic nanostructures, enhancing its bioavailability in the body. Beyond its therapeutic attributes, due to its high chemical activity, diosgenin can act as a precursor for synthesizing various precursors for preparing organic or inorganic nanoparticles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101556"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterials in cosmetics: Transforming beauty through innovation and science","authors":"N.B. Singh ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdala ,&nbsp;Most. Israt Jahan ,&nbsp;Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in the cosmetics industry, offering innovative strategies to enhance formulation efficacy, stability, and multifunctionality. This review gives the historical evolution of nanotechnology in cosmetics and provides a systematic classification of nanomaterials, encompassing organic nanoparticles, lipid- and surfactant-derived carriers, polymeric nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and inorganic nanostructures. The functionality, particularly improved skin penetration, controlled release, and enhanced bioavailability are critically examined in relation to their applications in skincare products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, and anti-aging formulations. Beyond skincare, the expanding roles of nanomaterials in oral care, haircare (washing, treatment, and dyeing), decorative cosmetics, and nail care are discussed to highlight their versatility. The advantages of nanotechnology, including solubilization of poorly soluble actives, improved chemical stability, and reduced production time, are carefully weighed against pressing challenges such as toxicity concerns, environmental release, ethical implications, and regulatory limitations. The review emphasizes the importance of safe-by-design strategies, risk assessment frameworks, and consumer trust in advancing the responsible adoption of nanocosmetics. Looking ahead, future directions point toward the integration of sustainable practices, eco-friendly nanomaterials, and circular economy approaches to address environmental and societal expectations. Collectively, this review article provides an updated perspective on the potential, limitations, and sustainable pathways of nanotechnology in shaping next-generation cosmetic innovations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101551"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic-assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of Fe3O4@C/Ag nanostructures for non-invasive, enzyme-free and ultrasensitive detection of glucose in urine for clinical diagnostics","authors":"Thi Hanh Trang Dang ,&nbsp;Quan-Doan Mai ,&nbsp;Thi Linh Dong ,&nbsp;Trung Thanh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Thi Loan Ngo ,&nbsp;Thi Lan Nguyen ,&nbsp;Xuan Quang Nguyen ,&nbsp;Ta Ngoc Bach ,&nbsp;Anh-Tuan Pham ,&nbsp;Anh-Tuan Le","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique capable of directly detecting target molecules with ultrasensitivity down to the single-molecule level via their characteristic vibrational fingerprints. While SERS has achieved significant success in detecting various analytes such as organic dyes, pesticides, explosives, and bacteria, the direct detection of glucose – a vital biomarker for diabetes diagnosis and management – remains challenging due to its low affinity for bare metal surfaces and inherently weak Raman scattering cross-section. Despite these limitations, SERS offers a promising alternative to traditional enzyme-based glucose detection methods, which require invasive blood sampling and are highly susceptible to environmental fluctuations such as pH and temperature. In this work, we report the design of Fe₃O₄@C/Ag nanostructures as a high-performance SERS substrate for non-invasive, enzyme-free, and ultrasensitive glucose detection in artificial urine. The carbon shell provides good glucose adsorption, while the Ag coating ensures strong plasmonic enhancement. Notably, we introduce a magnetic-assisted SERS (MA-SERS) strategy in which the Fe₃O₄@C/Ag nanostructures are dispersed into urine samples to capture glucose and subsequently magnetically retrieved for SERS analysis. This platform enables direct glucose detection at concentrations as low as 0.21 mM, significantly below the clinical prediabetes threshold (5.6 mM), with excellent recovery values ranging from 92 % to 109 %. These results demonstrate the strong potential of the MA-SERS approach as a practical, non-invasive, and enzyme-free diagnostic tool for early detection and monitoring of diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101553"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FeS and Ni-doped FeS nanomaterials as bifunctional photocatalysts and gas sensors","authors":"Yogeshwar R. Baste ,&nbsp;Vijaya J. Ushir ,&nbsp;Bhagwat K. Uphade ,&nbsp;Jagdish N. Ghotekar","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, pristine Iron sulphide (FeS) and nickel-doped Iron sulphide (Ni-FeS) nanomaterials were efficiently hydrothermally synthesized. The synthesized nanomaterial was scientifically investigated by various analytical techniques like FTIR, UV–visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM-EDAX, and HR-TEM-SAED. The study reveals that synthesized FeS is crystalline hexagonal (troilite phase) with an average crystallite size of 17.21 nm. Ni-FeS crystal structure remains unchanged, but XRD peaks become broader compared to FeS due to Ni. The HR-TEM result confirms the particle sizes of FeS and Ni-FeS as 50–130 nm and 24 nm, respectively. Surface morphology of FeS and Ni-FeS appeared as a uniform distribution and agglomeration of particles, depicted by SEM. EDAX analysis confirms elemental composition. UV–visible and Tauc plot studies give band gap energies of 2.03 and 1.71 eV for FeS and Ni-FeS, respectively. The photodegradation of malachite green (MG) dye was scientifically evaluated to assess the photocatalytic capacity of both FeS and Ni-FeS. 90.05 % dye degradation was achieved by Ni-FeS, as compared to FeS 88.01 % under identical conditions. The gas sensing investigation studies give a good response and recovery time for H₂S gas at 120 °C. All these results highlight the benefits of Ni-FeS and FeS as a promising, stable, and efficient material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101555"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Sutterby multi-diffusive nanoliquid flow over expanding cylinder using an artificial neural networks and numerical simulations in presence of activation energy and oscillating magnetic field","authors":"Madhavarao Kulkarni","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an analysis of the Sutterby multi-diffusive nanoliquid flow over an expanding cylinder, incorporating an oscillatory magnetic field and activation energy, through the application of numerical simulation and artificial neural networks. Recently, artificial neural networks have attracted considerable interest owing to their applications in diverse fields, such as robotics, image processing, fluid mechanics, and beyond. This research aims to explore the transfer of heat and mass by employing numerical methods and artificial neural networks. The system consists of complex fluid-flow partial differential equations that are converted into ordinary differential equations by utilizing similarity variables. In the present problem, Buongiorno two-phase model is used, in the said model, slip due to nanoparticles at the wall is studied through two major slip mechanisms, namely, thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion. Further, by using MATLAB software, the reference data produced by the artificial neural network, which utilizes a Levenberg–Marquardt intelligent network, is allocated through three distinct characteristics: training, testing, and validation. The study involves calculating the mean squared error, analyzing histograms, and conducting regression analyses to demonstrate and assess the effects of the drag force and Nusselt number. The matrix laboratory function, utilized in addressing a boundary value problem through a 5th order method, enables the simulation of graphs and tables that clearly depict the various physical influences numerically represented in fluid flow profiles and gradients. The periodic magnetic field's intensity diminishes the energy transfer rate, concurrently leading to an elevation in the liquid's temperature, with the periodic characteristics of the magnetic field being distinctly evident. Furthermore, in the neural network simulation, 211 and 619 data points obtained from the numerical solutions of the velocity and temperature equations function as the databases throughout the training phase. In the training phase, the dataset is systematically partitioned into three subsets: 70 % is allocated for training purposes, 15 % is assigned for validation, and the final 15 % is set aside for testing, significantly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101543"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic performance of LaFexCo1-xO3 perovskites in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate: Kinetic and mechanistic study","authors":"Taruna Likhariya ,&nbsp;Pragnesh N. Dave ,&nbsp;Jalpa A. Vara","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LaFe_xCo_1-xO₃ (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) perovskite oxide nanoparticles with four different compositions were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Vibrational, optical, structural properties are studied by FT-IR, UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD). As the amount of Fe content increases, there is shift in the highest intensity peak towards lower 2θ value in the XRD spectrum. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) plot was used to determine the best composition for ammonium perchlorate (AP) decomposition. LaFe_0.4Co_0.6O₃ was the optimal composition, exhibiting the lowest peak temperature. It exhibits lowest band gap of 3.0 eV and smallest crystallite size of 9.03 nm. The mean grain size measured by FE-SEM was ∼35 nm. LaFe_xCo_1-xO₃ perovskites reduce the thermal decomposition of AP to a single step process. Among all the four compositions prepared, LaFe_0.4Co_0.6O₃ decrease the exothermic peak of AP by 56 ˚C. Despite a low decomposition temperature range and low T_p, the formulation AP+ 1 %LaFe_0.4Co_0.6O₃ needs to surpass a higher energy barrier than AP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101542"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic design of Al2O3/Fe2O3/CaO ternary nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic UV-assisted degradation of tilmicosin","authors":"Abayomi Bamisaye ,&nbsp;Bayor Adebola Ajayi ,&nbsp;Shakirudeen Modupe Abati ,&nbsp;Kayode Adesina Adegoke ,&nbsp;Ayodeji Rapheal Ige ,&nbsp;Mopelola Abidemi Idowu","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continual increase in the anthropogenic discharge of pharmaceutical contaminants into the aquatic ecosystem is a cause for concern. This necessitated the study, which focuses on developing and evaluating bimetallic biomass-based nanocomposites as photocatalysts for the degradation of tilmicosin (TLM), a veterinary antibiotic commonly found in wastewater, under UV light. The Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite was synthesized via a wet impregnation method with CaO derived from snail shells and characterized using UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS. FTIR analysis of Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite showed a prominent peak at 617 cm⁻¹, attributed to the Al–O and Fe–O bonds. XRD results show a face-centered cubic structure with a calculated d-spacing of 6.75554 Å. The UV-Vis of the nanocomposite recorded a λ max value of 335 nm with a calculated optical band gap of 3.04 eV, using Tauc’s plot. The SEM images showed rectangular or cubic-shaped aggregates with an average crystallite size of 28.06 ± 5.19 nm. Optimum degradation efficiency values of 86.79 and 80.69 % were recorded at catalyst doses of 0.3 and 0.2 g, respectively. Kinetics of the degradation process follows a pseudo-first-order model, with reaction rate constant (k) of 0.0112 min⁻¹ and 0.010 min⁻¹ for 0.3 g and 0.2 g Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-CaO catalyst. This high efficiency, simple preparation, and sustainable approach make Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-CaO a cost-effective, environmentally friendly photocatalyst for the remediation of antibiotic-polluted wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101537"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the transformations: Comparative study of structural, magnetism, morphology, optical and microwave absorptions properties in NiFe2O4 and CdFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles","authors":"Shikhil S. Wanjari ,&nbsp;Deoram V. Nandanwar ,&nbsp;K.G. Rewatkar ,&nbsp;Amit V. Gongal","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NiFe₂O₄ (NFO) and CdFe₂O₄ (CFO) spinel nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by microwave auto-combustion and compared for their structure, magnetic, morphological, and optical properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that both NiFe₂O₄ and CdFe₂O₄ NPs crystallized in a spinel structure, though with different lattice parameters. The average crystallite size was 26–34 nm. Both NPs are highly paramagnetic at room temperature, with NFO showing higher saturation magnetization due to cation distribution and size effects. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) revealed spherical, well-dispersed NFO particles (30.11 nm) and agglomerated CFO particles (48.55 nm). Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT-IR) bands at 416, 509, 609, and 596 cm⁻¹ indicate Fe-O and Ni/Cd-O stretching vibration, while Tauc plots gave direct band gaps of 2.63 eV (NFO) and 1.34 eV (CFO). A vector network analyzer (VNA) examined electromagnetic and absorption parameters in the Ku band (12.4–18 GHz). NFO and CFO had RLs of −16 dB (97 % absorption) and −10 dB (90 % absorption) at 13.744 GHz with an 8 mm and 10 mm thickness. These findings highlight nickel ferrites as efficient absorbers for gigahertz applications such as radar stealth, catalysis, energy storage, and magnetic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101540"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring the dielectric behavior of BaTiO3 via incorporation of vanadium-substituted barium hexaferrite and thermal effects","authors":"Yassine Slimani ,&nbsp;Hamit Erdemi ,&nbsp;Abdulhadi Baykal ,&nbsp;Atul Thakur ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shariq ,&nbsp;Munirah A. Almessiere","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite ceramics of a BaTiO₃ (BTO) matrix incorporated with varying quantities of BaFe_11.96V_0.04O₁₉ (BVFO) hexaferrite were investigated. The successful creation of the intended composites was verified using XRD, FE-SEM, and EDX spectroscopy, which revealed the coexistence of the two-component phases. There were no further phases other than the initial components, indicating that the adopted approach is efficient in obtaining the desired composites. The BTO phase is represented by spherical grains, while the BVFO hexaferrite phase is represented by plate-like grains. The dielectric properties were tested in a frequency range of 1 Hz–3 MHz and at different temperatures of 30–120°C using an impedance spectroscopy instrument. At low frequencies, temperature-dependent dipolar and interfacial polarizations have a remarkable effect. Conversely, ionic and electronic polarizations are less temperature-dependent, which became more effective at high frequencies. The observed effects in dielectric measurements are a result of combined electron and polaron jumping conduction mechanisms. The Cole-Cole plots showed the dominant effect of grains and grain boundaries for all compositions but also revealed the negligible influence of the electrode. Additionally, it was crucial to avoid extremely large losses, which is shown by the determined dielectric tangent loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101539"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}