Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects最新文献

{"title":"Formation of gold–peptide superspheres via biomineralization and self-assembly mediated by a redox-active His–Phe dipeptide","authors":"Naoaki Hiramatsu,&nbsp;Asuka Inada,&nbsp;Tatsuya Oshima","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing sustainable, “green” synthetic routes for functional nanomaterials is essential for advancing biocompatible nanotechnology. In this study, we report the bottom-up biomineralization of gold–peptide supersphere composites (<strong>Au–HF SC</strong>s) using a biocompatible His–Phe (<strong>HF</strong>) dipeptide via a one-pot strategy without the addition of a separate reducing reagent. The HF peptide simultaneously functions as a reducing agent, self-assembling unit, capping agent, and stabilizer, enabling the formation of uniform composite nanostructures simply by mixing and heating with Au(III). By varying the peptide/Au(III) molar ratio from 0.67 to 17, the primary particle size of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the morphology of secondary spherical assemblies were tunably controlled. The catalytic performance of the resulting <strong>Au–HF SC</strong>s was evaluated via the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as a model reaction. Characterization revealed hierarchical structures consisting of primary AuNPs (8–13 nm) supported on secondary peptide spheres (190–320 nm). The apparent rate constant (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>app</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) exhibited characteristic concentration dependences on 4-NP and <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>BH</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>−</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span>, which were accurately described by the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. Kinetic analysis provided adsorption and surface reaction rate constants, revealing that <strong>Au–HF SC</strong>s with a primary particle size of approximately 10 nm exhibited the highest catalytic activity. Furthermore, Eyring and Arrhenius analyses were conducted to determine the activation enthalpy, activation entropy, and activation energy, verifying the correlation between catalyst structure and kinetic parameters. Peptide-templated gold superspheres demonstrate that catalytic activity depends on particle size and molecular-level structural order, offering a versatile platform for designing advanced, multifunctional nanocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101756"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defects, interfaces, and charge transport in functional micro/nano powder systems","authors":"J.E. Leal-Perez,&nbsp;A. Hurtado-Macias","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro/nano powders are central to functional materials research, yet their behavior is still commonly interpreted through composition, synthesis strategy, or target application alone. Such descriptors are useful initially, but they do not explain why powders with apparently similar chemistry or architecture can exhibit markedly different functional responses under comparable conditions. The underlying difficulty is that the powder state creates a structurally and electronically heterogeneous environment in which reduced dimensions, high surface area, agglomerate porosity, defects, interfaces, and carrier pathways interact across surfaces, grain boundaries, heterointerfaces, and interparticle networks. A solid-state physics framework is developed for interpreting micro/nano powders through three coupled dimensions: defect landscapes, interfacial electrostatics, and charge-transport regimes. Rather than surveying material families descriptively, the analysis examines how defect partitioning, band-edge restructuring, trap states, space-charge formation, and transport-limited charge handling jointly define the active state of powders under operation. Particular attention is given to semiconducting and functional powder systems relevant to photocatalysis and energy conversion. The analysis shows that widely used explanations in powder literature remain incomplete when treated in isolation. On that basis, a variable-centered framework is proposed, together with an evidence hierarchy, application-level mapping, and minimum reporting logic, to support more physically grounded comparison and design of functional powders for energy-conversion technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101752"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accounting for dynamical scattering in HRTEM FFT interpretation using electron diffraction simulations of hybrid perovskites","authors":"Mario A. Millán-Franco,&nbsp;José Reyes Gasga","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hybrid organometallic perovskite CH₃NH₃PbI₃ has attracted significant interest due to its structural properties and potential applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and detectors. This material exhibits different crystalline phases that can vary with temperature, humidity, and the presence of the organic cation CH₃NH₃⁺, which complicates its structural characterization via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Analysis of fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) of high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images indicates the existence of reflections forbidden by the perovskite structure factor. In order to identify their origin, in this work, we present the electron diffraction analysis and diffraction simulation of the most stable tetragonal phase (space group I4cm) of the hybrid perovskite, aimed at identifying and analyzing the predominant characteristics in reciprocal space. The results indicate, in addition to the structure factor allowed reflections, the existence of dynamically excited forbidden reflections associated with multiple diffraction of the sample-electron beam interaction. This combined experimental and simulation approach provides a better interpretation of TEM images and a more reliable structural characterization of beam-sensitive materials under dynamical scattering conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101753"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-of-the-art nano zero-valent iron-based composites: Nano-structural design, functionalization, and environmental applications","authors":"Safa Senan Mahmod,&nbsp;Maha Mohammad AL-Rajabi,&nbsp;Haider Ismael,&nbsp;Rawdah Whba,&nbsp;Abeir Hussein Mohamed Gameil,&nbsp;Fathyah Whba,&nbsp;Salma Samidin,&nbsp;Peer Mohamed Abdul","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a highly reactive nanomaterial with a large surface area-to-volume ratio and intrinsic magnetic properties that give it great potential to be utilized in a wide range of applications. This review critically discusses the technological features of nZVI from synthesis to sophisticated industrial applications. The results showed that directed composite modifications (support immobilisation, surface modification, bimetallic incorporation, encapsulation and sulphurisation) strongly improved the performance of nZVI for specific applications. nZVI removes 81–99.7% of toxic contaminants (such as heavy metals and dyes) and degrade antibiotics into less harmful by-products in the treatment of industrial wastewater. Crucially, by detoxifying microbial inhibitors and serving as an essential enzymatic cofactor. nZVI directly stimulates biological valorisation routes, enhancing biohydrogen and biomethane yields and enabling the production of value-added liquid biochemicals, such as short- and medium-chain fatty acids. The existing life cycle assessment (LCA) studies point to a critical knowledge gap, since synthesis methods are widely investigated, while the environmental and industrial implications of nZVI deployment are still not sufficiently explored. Finally, the review evaluates a number of pilot-scale applications of nZVI and lists critical challenges that need to be addressed for sustainable, cost-effective and scalable application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101754"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Ag2O@ZnO-loaded ZIF-67 nanohybrids via structured impregnation: Antibacterial performance and in silico study","authors":"Evi Maryanti,&nbsp;Eka Angasa,&nbsp;Enny Nugraheni,&nbsp;Kiky Corneliasari Sembiring,&nbsp;Wulan Aprilia Syafitri,&nbsp;Lala Adetia Marlina","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of efficient antibacterial materials is essential to address the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, Ag₂O@ZnO-loaded ZIF-67 (ZAZO) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via a structured impregnation method to enhance antibacterial performance. The structural and physicochemical properties of the materials were systematically characterized using XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, HR-TEM, EDS, XPS, and UV–Vis DRS. The results confirmed the successful incorporation of Ag₂O and ZnO into the ZIF-67 framework while preserving the MOF structure and forming well-defined heterointerfaces. Optical analysis revealed lower apparent optical transition energies (1.96–1.98 eV) than pristine ZnO, suggesting enhanced visible-light absorption. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against <em>Salmonella typhi</em>, <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, and <em>Propionibacterium acnes</em>. Among the synthesized materials, the ZAZO 4:1:2 composite exhibited the most balanced antibacterial performance, showing inhibition zones comparable to the positive control against <em>Salmonella typhi</em>. The enhanced antibacterial activity is proposed to arise from the combined effects of controlled Ag⁺ and Co²⁺ ion release, improved nanoparticle dispersion within the porous ZIF-67 matrix, and heterojunction-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation pathways inferred from the optical characterization of the composite. Molecular docking analysis further supports the proposed antibacterial mechanism by indicating favorable interactions between the nanocomposite and bacterial target proteins. These findings demonstrate that Ag₂O@ZnO-loaded ZIF-67 nanohybrids represent a promising platform for antibacterial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101755"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CMMT/APU Hydrogel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for High-Precision Self-Powered Human-Motion Monitoring","authors":"Xiuchang Yang, Jikai Si","doi":"10.1142/s1793292026501377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793292026501377","url":null,"abstract":"Developing flexible self-powered sensors capable of simultaneously converting biomechanical stimuli into electrical signals and supporting wearable motion analysis is of considerable importance for next-generation intelligent monitoring systems. In this work, a conductive montmorillonite/amphiphilic polyurethane (CMMT/APU) hydrogel-based triboelectric nanogenerator (CA-TENG) is constructed by integrating a conductive montmorillonite-modified hydrogel electrode with a contact-separation triboelectric configuration. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and nylon are selected as the triboelectric layers, while the CMMT/APU hydrogel is employed as the flexible conductive electrode. Owing to the cooperative effect between conductive montmorillonite and the amphiphilic polyurethane network, the hydrogel exhibits good flexibility, structural stability, and mechanical adaptability, and the composition containing 5% CMMT presents the most suitable tensile performance for device fabrication. The optimized CA-TENG delivers a peak open-circuit voltage ([Formula: see text] of 777[Formula: see text]V, a short-circuit current ([Formula: see text] of 39[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A, and a transferred charge ([Formula: see text] of 250[Formula: see text]nC, together with a maximum output power of 598[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W. Moreover, the device shows stable output under different working frequencies, separation distances, and humidity conditions, and it can effectively distinguish walking, running, jumping, and joint-bending motions, demonstrating strong potential for self-powered wearable-motion monitoring and biomechanical analysis.","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148305552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exciton and biexciton states in III-nitride quantum dots: Effects of internal polarization fields and indium composition on optical response","authors":"Gor Kharatyan ,&nbsp;David Hayrapetyan ,&nbsp;Rodion Reznik ,&nbsp;Nabil Zeiri ,&nbsp;Sotirios Baskoutas ,&nbsp;Paytsar Mantashyan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a theoretical investigation of excitonic and biexcitonic states in cylindrical wurtzite III-nitride quantum dots, focusing on the influence of internal polarization fields and indium composition on their electronic and optical properties. The confinement potential is modeled using a bimodal Woods–Saxon profile that incorporates both band offsets and dielectric self-energy corrections, providing a realistic description of carrier confinement. Single-particle states are calculated using the finite element method, while exciton and biexciton complexes are analyzed through a variational Monte Carlo approach.</div><div>The results reveal that the combined effects of piezoelectric polarization and spontaneous polarization significantly distort the confinement potential, leading to strong spatial separation of electron and hole wave functions and substantial modifications of exciton and biexciton binding energies. Increasing indium concentration three times enhances the internal electric field and leads to a clear redistribution of carrier density across the quantum dot. This effect reduces the electron–hole overlap and results in a decrease of both exciton and biexciton binding energies in larger quantum dots, while in smaller structures (heights below ∼2 nm) the confinement dominates, leading to an opposite trend and partial stabilization of biexciton states. The calculated exciton transition energy for a cylindrical quantum dot with 2 nm height and 10 nm radius is approximately 2.5 eV, in good agreement with reported experimental values (∼2.55 eV) for similar structures, confirming the validity of the model.</div><div>In addition, the nonlinear optical response is analyzed using a three-level exciton–biexciton scheme. Biexciton transitions exhibit about two times stronger response than excitonic ones. Lower indium content induces a blue shift, while higher concentration reduces peak intensity due to enhanced carrier separation. These findings demonstrate how the interplay between internal polarization, composition, and quantum confinement governs excitonic complexes and nonlinear optical properties in III-nitride quantum dots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101650"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient nanolignocellulose synthesis from edamame peel waste using an Amberlite IR-120 catalytic route","authors":"Merdieta Amelia ,&nbsp;Holilah ,&nbsp;Didik Prasetyoko ,&nbsp;RH Fitri Faradilla ,&nbsp;Asranudin ,&nbsp;Agus Wedi Pratama ,&nbsp;Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid ,&nbsp;Bambang Piluharto ,&nbsp;Dwi Indarti ,&nbsp;Mohd Saiful Asmal Rani ,&nbsp;Dina Wahyu Indriani ,&nbsp;Lisman Suryanegara ,&nbsp;Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim ,&nbsp;Noureddine El Messaoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of efficient synthesis methods to valorize biomass feedstocks is essential for a circular bioeconomy. This study details the synthesis of nanolignocellulose (NLC) from edamame peel waste, an underutilized agro-industrial residue, using an Amberlite IR-120 catalytic route. The synthesis was optimized by varying catalyst concentration (0.5–2.0 M) at 80 °C for 3 h. The efficiency of this route was confirmed by the successful production of NLC with high crystallinity (up to 49.94%) and fine nanofibrillar diameters (down to 4.24 nm) at the optimal concentration of 1 M. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the effective removal of amorphous hemicellulose and lignin. Catalyst reusability was systematically evaluated over three successive cycles. The average fibril diameter increased to 6.10 nm (RNLC1), 9.46 nm (RNLC2), and 10.10 nm (RNLC3), indicating progressive loss of catalytic efficiency with repeated use. Correspondingly, the crystallinity index increased slightly to 52.95% after the first reuse but decreased sharply to 39.32% after the second cycle before partially recovering to 50.13% in the third cycle. This study validates that the use of Amberlite IR-120 is a sustainable alternative to liquid acids, producing high-value NLC suitable for applications in biocomposites and packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101669"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of phaleria macrocarpa–mediated V–Mn bimetallic nanoparticles: Structural, magnetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties","authors":"R. Shanmugapriya ,&nbsp;G. Nedunchezhian ,&nbsp;C. Vijayaraj ,&nbsp;S. Ramalingam","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological synthesis of multifunctional nanomaterials has been explored as a novel approach towards meeting the escalating challenges of antimicrobial resistance and cancer treatment. In the current investigation, the successful synthesis of V₂O₅-MnCl₂ bimetallic nanoparticles was accomplished using a phyto-mediated coprecipitation method, where the reducing and stabilizing agent was the fruit extract of the Phaleria macrocarpa plant. The resulting biologically synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to a post-synthesis annealing process at 400, 500, and 600 °C, which enabled the assessment of the temperature-dependent structural, optical, magnetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer characteristics. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the successful formation of the bimetallic phases, which exhibited a progressive enhancement in crystal perfection and lattice order, validated through FWHM and Williamson-Hall plot analyses. FT-IR studies confirmed the role of the functional groups present in the phytochemicals, which contributed towards the improved metal-oxygen bonds after the annealing process. UV-Vis studies clearly indicated the improved absorbance, which was accompanied by the modification of the band structures, especially in the 500 °C annealed sample. SEM and DLS studies clearly revealed the progressive development from the agglomerated nanoparticles towards the defined nanostructures at the 500 °C annealed sample, which was later accompanied by the development of larger grains at the 600 °C annealed sample. VSM studies clearly revealed the paramagnetic nature, which was accompanied by the improved magnetic susceptibility values after the annealing treatment. Results from the antimicrobial studies clearly indicated the strong antimicrobial activities towards the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which were observed in the annealed samples, which exhibited improved inhibition compared to the unannealed sample. Finally, the cytotoxicity studies, which were conducted using the MTT assay, clearly demonstrated the dose-dependent cytotoxicity towards the breast cancer cells, indicating the improved anticancer efficacy. Based on the current investigation, the results clearly validated that the annealing treatment at 500–600 °C was optimal towards the improved multifunctionality of the biologically synthesized V-Mn bimetallic nanoparticles, which have the potential towards the development of novel biomedicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101706"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the band gap in narrow-gap quantum well semiconductors","authors":"U.I. Erkaboev,&nbsp;R.G. Rakhimov,&nbsp;J.I. Mirzaev,&nbsp;N.A. Sayidov,&nbsp;M.G. Dadamirzaev,&nbsp;Q.A. Temirov","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2026.101707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fundamental physical parameter of both bulk and low-dimensional semiconductor structures is the band gap <span><math><mrow><mfenced><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mi>d</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>,</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>d</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span>, whose energetic width allows the prediction of the operational parameters of semiconductor-based devices in advance. Therefore, the determination of <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mi>d</mi></mrow></msubsup><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span>and <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>d</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span> (in cases where the band gap of newly synthesized materials is not known) is considered one of the primary tasks in semiconductor heterostructure technology. Furthermore, another important feature of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is its strong sensitivity to external influences. Indeed, variations in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> resulting from such effects can fundamentally alter the physical and chemical properties of semiconductor devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101707"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}