Business and Politics最新文献

Housebuilding, land, and structural power: the case of mortgage market support schemes in England 建房、土地和结构性权力：英格兰抵押贷款市场支持计划案例

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Business and Politics Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1017/bap.2024.19

Chris Foye, Edward Shepherd

{"title":"Housebuilding, land, and structural power: the case of mortgage market support schemes in England","authors":"Chris Foye, Edward Shepherd","doi":"10.1017/bap.2024.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bap.2024.19","url":null,"abstract":"Housing is a critical part of every state’s infrastructure. However, in most advanced economies the state no longer builds very much of it, leaving it instead to private housebuilders. Because of their control over the supply of land, and the barriers to entry into the housebuilding industry, private housebuilders have potentially major structural power over the state. At the same time, private housebuilders are also tied to their land, and face other barriers to exit, thus limiting their ability to relocate capital elsewhere. Drawing on a range of secondary data sources, including earnings calls transcripts, annual reports and government policy documents, this paper demonstrates how the three largest volume housebuilders in England leveraged their structural power to shape the mortgage market support schemes that were introduced in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis. These schemes have since underpinned their exceptional levels of profitability. We conclude, though, that far from being an absolute resource, this structural power was only enabled by the prevailing neoliberal, home-owning Anglo-liberal ‘growth model’ in which these housebuilders were embedded.","PeriodicalId":39749,"journal":{"name":"Business and Politics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blue versus red: partisan firm leaders and corporate culture 蓝军与红军：党派公司领导与企业文化

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Business and Politics Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/bap.2024.12

Anqi Jiao, Honglin Ren

引用次数: 0

The Paradox of Algorithms and Blame on Public Decision-makers 算法的悖论与公共决策者的责任

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Business and Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/bap.2023.35

Adam L. Ozer, Philip D. Waggoner, Ryan Kennedy

引用次数: 0

Why is there no investor-state dispute settlement in RCEP? bargaining and contestation in the investment regime 为什么 RCEP 中没有投资者-国家争端解决机制？投资制度中的讨价还价和争议

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Business and Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/bap.2024.8

Andrew Lugg, Kirthana Ganeson, Manfred Elsig, Julien Chaisse, Sufian Jusoh

{"title":"Why is there no investor-state dispute settlement in RCEP? bargaining and contestation in the investment regime","authors":"Andrew Lugg, Kirthana Ganeson, Manfred Elsig, Julien Chaisse, Sufian Jusoh","doi":"10.1017/bap.2024.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bap.2024.8","url":null,"abstract":"The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is one of the most important mega-regional trade agreements signed to date. Yet, it failed to include an Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanism in its investment chapter. What explains this omission? To unpack this, we examine international negotiations as a two-step process. In the first stage, we theorize that initial preferences towards ISDS are based on countries’ orientation toward foreign direct investment (FDI), experience with ISDS, and past treaty practice. Second, we theorize that during protracted negotiations, adverse regime developments and domestic politics can have a profound impact on treaty design. To test our framework, we examine the RCEP negotiations. Our analysis shows that mounting cases as well as the eroding norm of ISDS in other treaties lowered support for ISDS as the negotiations progressed. Then, a change of government in Malaysia shifted that country’s position dramatically, which tipped the balance against ISDS in the final round of negotiations. Our findings have important implications for the international investment regime. They highlight the factors that determine countries’ initial preferences while also demonstrating the importance of developments during the negotiations, which can lead to the abandonment of the institutional status quo.","PeriodicalId":39749,"journal":{"name":"Business and Politics","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140166498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leveraging national security: private equity and bankruptcy in the United States defense industry 利用国家安全：美国国防工业的私募股权与破产

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Business and Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/bap.2023.33

Charles W. Mahoney, Benjamin K. Tkach, Craig J. Rethmeyer

{"title":"Leveraging national security: private equity and bankruptcy in the United States defense industry","authors":"Charles W. Mahoney, Benjamin K. Tkach, Craig J. Rethmeyer","doi":"10.1017/bap.2023.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bap.2023.33","url":null,"abstract":"Defense contractors play an essential role in US security operations. Among other responsibilities, contractors manufacture arms, manage logistics, analyze intelligence, and carry out cybersecurity operations. Historically, defense contractors were either publicly traded corporations or privately owned companies. The past two decades, however, have seen a major shift in the ownership structure of the US defense industry. Private equity firms—once niche actors in the US national security marketplace—have carried out over 1,500 deals involving defense contractors since 2000. This study employs a mixed-methods research design to assess the effects of private equity investment on the financial stability of the US defense industry. Using data on over 8,000 defense contractors, the inquiry finds that contractors with private equity backing experience bankruptcy at higher rates than contractors with no prior private equity investment. In addition, the study evaluates private equity activity in the military satellite services market—a field of growing importance in the strategically important domain of outer space. The inquiry’s findings have notable international security implications. Given the US’ role as a lynchpin in numerous alliances around the world, higher rates of bankruptcy among defense contractors have the potential to affect the security of the United States and its allies.","PeriodicalId":39749,"journal":{"name":"Business and Politics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140166595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating the politics and content of US State artificial intelligence legislation 调查美国各州人工智能立法的政治和内容

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Business and Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/bap.2023.40

Srinivas Parinandi, Jesse Crosson, Kai Peterson, Sinan Nadarevic

{"title":"Investigating the politics and content of US State artificial intelligence legislation","authors":"Srinivas Parinandi, Jesse Crosson, Kai Peterson, Sinan Nadarevic","doi":"10.1017/bap.2023.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bap.2023.40","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and its application by businesses has created a potential need for governmental regulation. While the federal government of the United States has largely sidestepped the issue of crafting law dictating limitations and expectations regarding the use of AI technology, US state legislatures have begun to take the lead in this area. Nonetheless, we know very little about how state legislatures have approached the design, pursuit, and adoption of AI policy and whether traditional political fault lines have manifested themselves in the AI issue area. Here, we gather data on the state-level adoption of AI policy, as well as roll call voting on AI bills (classified on the basis of consumer protection versus economic development), by state legislatures and analyze the political economy of AI legislation. We find that rising unemployment and inflation are negatively associated with a state’s AI policymaking. With respect to individual legislator support, we find that liberal lawmakers and Democrats are more likely to support bills establishing consumer protection requirements on AI usage. The results suggest that economic concerns loom large with AI and that traditional political fault lines may be establishing themselves in this area.","PeriodicalId":39749,"journal":{"name":"Business and Politics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140166833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tycoon candidates, electoral strategies, and voter support: a survey experiment in South Africa 大亨候选人、选举策略和选民支持：南非的一项调查实验

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Business and Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/bap.2024.4

Mogens K. Justesen, Stanislav Markus

引用次数: 0

Political culture and attitudes of economic elites: explaining the Chilean business community’s rejection to constitutional change 政治文化与经济精英的态度：智利商界拒绝宪法改革的原因

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Business and Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/bap.2023.39

Alejandro Osorio-Rauld, Alejandro Pelfini, Lluís Català-Oltra, Francisco Francés

{"title":"Political culture and attitudes of economic elites: explaining the Chilean business community’s rejection to constitutional change","authors":"Alejandro Osorio-Rauld, Alejandro Pelfini, Lluís Català-Oltra, Francisco Francés","doi":"10.1017/bap.2023.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bap.2023.39","url":null,"abstract":"In contexts of institutional crisis, conflicts arise in which different pressure groups try to maximize their influence, seeking to adjust a political reality in line with their own interest. This article analyzes the changes in the attitudes of economic elites regarding the process of drafting of a new Constitution in Chile. Based on the literature on the political culture of entrepreneurs, the research hypothesis posed in this study suggests the existence of a widespread conservative attitude within this social group regarding a change in institutional rules. This mainly relates to the perception that a new Constitution in Chile could threaten its predominant place in the distribution of economic and political power. The results obtained after analyzing in-depth interviews with presidents or vice presidents of the main business organizations in the country show changing positions throughout the different stages of the constituent process. Even though some attitudinal changes towards an adaptation become visible, what ultimately prevails is an unmitigated rejection of the constituent process. These findings clearly suggest a return to the initial stances of most entrepreneurs, something that also happened in the elite examined as well as in the rest of Chilean society. Thus, one can speak about a sort of “boomerang effect”: the attitudes of rejection have once again dominated the space of discursive expression where the pressure exerted by public opinion seemed to pave the way for a certain reformism or a transforming reaction. This evidence confirms a disconnection found in the literature which reveals the dynamic nature of short-term attitudes linked to each specific situation, albeit with more stable values and positions specific to the political culture which exist on a more persistent basis.","PeriodicalId":39749,"journal":{"name":"Business and Politics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140166602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data and statecraft: why and how states localize data 数据与国策：国家为何以及如何将数据本地化

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Business and Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1017/bap.2023.41

Sanghyun Han

{"title":"Data and statecraft: why and how states localize data","authors":"Sanghyun Han","doi":"10.1017/bap.2023.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bap.2023.41","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the motives and mechanisms behind data localization implemented by states to protect data, which is essential to emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence. Despite the significant negative aspects of data localization for states, the practice has become increasingly prevalent, leading to the unexplored question of why states choose to implement it. This suggests that data localization is a form of economic means derived from digital technologies and employed by states to serve political objectives. Focusing on the data in platforms, the theoretical mechanism of data localization is captured in light of two factors: network perception and security externality. Network perception pertains to a state’s perception of the positive network effect generated by platforms, while security externality refers to a state’s consideration of the security implications in relation to the economic benefits derived from the positive network effect, serving the national interest in domestic and/or international contexts. To substantiate these theoretical propositions, the paper employs a comparative case study approach where Vietnam, Singapore, and Indonesia have been chosen as empirical cases based on the selection strategy. The paper bridges the concept of economic statecraft with digital technologies, fosters interdisciplinary discussions, and offers policy implications.","PeriodicalId":39749,"journal":{"name":"Business and Politics","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The future of AI politics, policy, and business 人工智能政治、政策和商业的未来

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Business and Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1017/bap.2024.6

Eric Best, Pedro Robles, Daniel J. Mallinson

引用次数: 0