Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2005.最新文献

{"title":"80 plus: a strategy for reducing the inherent environmental impacts of computers","authors":"C. Calwell, Peter Ostendorp","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the energy consumption of desktop computers and desktop-derived servers, as well as the barriers to getting more efficient power supplies in these devices. It follows with a discussion on an electric-utility funded program called 80 plus, which is designed to overcome these obstacles.","PeriodicalId":397078,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2005.","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121973550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent disassembly sequence planning for EOL recycling based on hierarchical fuzzy cognitive map","authors":"Pan Xiaoyong, D. Guanghong, Xiang Dong, M. Peng","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437038","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce the pollution of wasted products on the environment, improve the disassemblability of product, and recycle, reuse or remanufacture the wasted products effectively, disassembly sequence planning is researched in this paper. After the methods of generation on disassembly sequences are analyzed, the concept and mathematical model of the hierarchical fuzzy cognitive map (HFCM) is proposed. The HFCM disassembly model can clearly express the relationship among the parts, and the method of HFCM can simplify the computational process of reasoning, generate the feasible disassembly sequences. Finally, the fan electromotor accessory with fifteen parts in air-condition is exemplified to show the establishment of disassembly model and computational process of generation of disassembly sequences.","PeriodicalId":397078,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2005.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115558189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of product reusability based on a technical and economic model: a case study of televisions","authors":"M. Anityasari, H. Bao, H. Kaebernick","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437024","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of sustainable manufacturing, reusing of old products or components is considered as the most environmentally friendly strategy among all other strategies. However, the decision of reusing old components of a used product confronts many uncertainties such as the quality level of the used components and the economic aspect of reusing them compared to producing a new component. This paper presents an integrated technical and economic model to evaluate the reusability of products or components. The model introduces some new parameters, such as product value and product gain, to assist the decision between reuse, remanufacture or disposal. In order to handle uncertainties, a Monte Carlo simulation using @Risk/sup /spl trade// is utilized. The results show that the model is capable to assess the potential reusability of used products, while the use of simulation significantly increases the function of the model in addressing uncertainties. A case study of televisions is used to demonstrate the applicability of the model using extensive time-to-failure data for the major parts of a television set. Furthermore, a direction of future work is outlined and briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":397078,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2005.","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123694513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The IPC material declaration handbook","authors":"J. Sharp","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437016","url":null,"abstract":"The environment, health, and safety committee of the IPC (the trade organization for the electronic interconnect industry) launched a team in April 2003 to assist its member companies in completing material declaration requests. The team was focused on developing guidelines on how to calculate the composition of a printed circuit board and how to analyze raw materials or products for composition data. There was a steering team that oversaw the work, which occurred in two sub teams - an analysis subteam and a calculation subteam. Originally, there was another team focused on the appropriate format for material declaration reporting. However, it was decided early in the project to follow the joint industry material composition declaration guide (JIG) recommendations on both the substances to be reported and the format of those reports. The analysis subteam's tasks were to identify as completely as possible the individual chemicals that make up the substance categories in the JIG, and identify analytical techniques for those chemicals. The team focused on the analytical techniques that are published in EPA SW-846, test methods for evaluating solid waste, physical/chemical methods, which is the EPA Office of solid waste's official compendium of analytical and sampling methods that have been evaluated and approved for use in complying with the RCRA regulations. These analytical techniques seem the most suited to the analysis of solid materials such as electronic products. The analysis subteam evaluated the list of available analyses in SW-846 and included all relevant analytical techniques. However, there are no analytical techniques in SW-846 for many of the substance categories in the joint industry guide. The team also actively pursued other \"approved\" methods (e.g., DIN methods from Germany, ANSI methods, Japanese methods, etc.). As the handbook will be updated on a regular basis, any new analytical techniques or information can be incorporated into subsequent revisions. The analysis subteam also worked to identify laboratories that can perform the required analyses. The subteam did not qualify or approve laboratories, but just gathered potential laboratory contact information for use by members. As the handbook is updated laboratories can be added and removed from the list. The calculation subteam developed a method for calculating the material composition of a printed circuit board. The calculation method essentially follows the production process, using material composition data, process knowledge, and data files used to manufacture the product in order to add and subtract materials. An example calculation of the develop, etch, and strip process is provided in the paper. The calculation method is easily amenable to use in a spreadsheet program.","PeriodicalId":397078,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129070063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective assessment of Japanese recycling law for electrical home appliances: four years after the full enforcement of the law","authors":"T. Tasaki, A. Terazono, Y. Moriguchi","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437035","url":null,"abstract":"The Japanese recycling law for electrical home appliances was fully enforced as of April 2001. Although there have been various disputes and criticisms concerning the law, both before and since the enforcement, the majority was not based on actual data. Now that the recycling law has been active for four years, its effectiveness can be assessed empirically rather than just theoretically. This study therefore conducted an empirical assessment of the Japanese recycling law, scrutinizing the empirical assessment framework concerning the recycling law and selecting target items to be assessed. The results were as follows. (A: Achievement of material cycles) Although recycling had been carried out smoothly, collection should be secured in order to avoid inappropriate treatment. (B: Cost efficiency and monetary flows) Cost efficiency seemed to remain approximately at the same level after the enforcement of the law, whereas incentives for cost reduction had not yet been created. (C: Boundary within or outside the scope of the recycling system) Of the total discarded target waste appliances, the law saw only 43% transferred to the recycling facilities while 22% remained unidentified. Illegal dumping did not increase to the extent feared by the public. While that of air conditioners decreased slightly, that of waste TV sets had apparently increased. Other categories of electrical home appliance accounted for 80% and 25% in numeric and weight terms respectively of 49 electrical home appliances remaining outside the category of appliances targeted by the recycling law. (D: Behavioral changes of stakeholders) Consumer waste reduction prompted by the enforcement of the law was modest although it was expected by the law. Certain retailers collected waste products thoughtlessly, which was more likely to result in inappropriate disposal. Producers were apparently motivated by the law to change their product design.","PeriodicalId":397078,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2005.","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132935306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directly addressing uncertainty in ESH evaluation","authors":"Yue Chen, G. McRae, K. Gleason","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2005.1436987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2005.1436987","url":null,"abstract":"Two of the major barriers for integrating comprehensive environmental evaluation methods such as the life cycle analysis (LCA) into technology selection in the semiconductor industry are: (1) due to the large amount of data requirement, the time needed for a in-depth LCA does not match with the fast pace of innovation cycle of the industry; (2) with new materials constantly being introduced into testing and production, environmental, safety, and health data of these new material are often lacking. To address these two barriers, it is proposed that analyses should start with simplified models and low-quality data, and then based on the uncertainty range of the analysis results, the decision maker decide on whether to refine the models and collect more data, and which input factors to refine. To enable this, the uncertainty in the results and the contributions of the inputs to this uncertainty need to be quantified. This paper describes the uncertainty analysis and sensitivity methods that can be used for the above purpose. A case study of comparing two chamber cleaning gases is used to illustrate the methods.","PeriodicalId":397078,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2005.","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115621550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy recovery in the sustainable recycling of plastics from end-of-life electrical and electronic products","authors":"Michael M Fisher, American Plastics Council, F. E. Mark, Dow Chemical, Europe Plasticseurope, Tony Kingsbury, Jurgen Vehlow, K. Forschungszentrum, Takashi Gmbh, Pwmi Yamawaki, Japan, Takashi Yamawaki","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2005.1436999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2005.1436999","url":null,"abstract":"As the collection of end-of-life (EOL) electrical and electronic products from households and businesses increases around the world, the search for economically and environmentally responsible and sustainable recovery and recycling processes intensifies. Since the early 1990s, the global plastics industry has been at the forefront of research, development, and demonstration projects to ensure that sound integrated resource management options exist for plastics. Regional trade associations such as the American Plastics Council (APC), Plastics Europe (previously the Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe or APME), and the Plastics Waste Management Institute of Japan (PWMI) have led much of this effort. Mechanical recycling, feedstock chemical recycling, fuel recovery, and energy recovery technologies have all been significantly advanced through this work. This paper provides an overview of the energy recovery option, which is an important, albeit partial component of this portfolio of resource recovery options. Available in all regions today, energy recovery processes is an important part of the environmentally and economically sound resource recovery infrastructure for plastics from EOL electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). A significant body of research is summarized that demonstrates that energy recovery not only contributes to reduced fossil fuel consumption by society, but provides an ecologically sound way to manage a significant portion of the plastics from today's EOL EEE.","PeriodicalId":397078,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2005.","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121297892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Existing and future avenues for eco-efficient e-scrap recycling","authors":"J. Huisman, A. Stevels","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437032","url":null,"abstract":"In August this year, the EU WEEE Directive (waste electric and electronic equipment) should he implemented by EU member states by having take-back systems in place for electronic waste. However, many of the EU member states will not accomplish this on time and still many interpretation and transposition issues remain. Extensive discussions are related to the interpretation of Annex II, the monitoring of recycling and recovery rates, on treatment standards and system organization issues like responsibilities of retailers, municipalities and other collection points. Furthermore in the member states without much infrastructure present, authorities, producers and producer organizations and recyclers are still arguing on financing issues (collective or individual, visible fee for consumers or not, accruals, historic waste, etc.). It is expected that due to these developments probably large differences per member state will appear and the opposite of a level playing field for recyclers and producers will be the end result. In this respect it should be avoided that the original idea behind the WEEE Directive, saving electronic products from the waste bin.","PeriodicalId":397078,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2005.","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133231378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of ubiquitous society on the global warming problem in 2010","authors":"M. Matsumoto, J. Hamano, T. Tamura, Hiroto Iguchi","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2005.1437020","url":null,"abstract":"The authors used a macroeconomic modeling framework called a computable general equilibrium model to estimate the potential impact of the progress of ubiquitous networking technologies on CO/sub 2/ emissions in Japan. Four scenarios of the effects of ubiquitous networking technologies were made in Japan in 2010. The four scenarios correspond to four different levels of the progress of a ubiquitous networking society. In each scenario, the electricity consumed by electronics products, effects of ubiquitous applications on energy use, and the market size of ubiquitous application services were estimated. The results indicate that advanced ubiquitous networking technologies could potentially reduce the CO/sub 2/ emissions produced by the Japanese economy by approximately 3%.","PeriodicalId":397078,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2005.","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130146870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EPEAT: Electronic Product Environmental Tool - development of an environmental rating system of electronic products for governmental/institutional procurement","authors":"J. Katz, W. Rifer, A. Wilson","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2005.1436980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2005.1436980","url":null,"abstract":"The Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT) is a new approach for institutional purchasers to identify and evaluate environmentally preferable electronic products. It establishes a clear set of performance criteria for desktop computers, laptops, and monitors, and recognizes higher levels of environmental performance. The tool was developed by a multi-stakeholder group composed of equipment manufacturers, governmental and private purchasers, non-governmental organizations, and environmental professionals. It is designed to be easy to use, with an interactive Web site to speed product registration. The registration process does not slow time to market for new products. The tool encompasses a range of environmental attributes, including toxic materials, material selection, life cycle extension, energy use, design for end of life and end of life management, and packaging. There is significant pent-up market demand for EPEAT. Currently 14 federal agencies and 4 states have pledged to use the tool in future electronics purchasing, representing more than $10 billion in purchasing potential. As a result, several major manufacturers have indicated an interest in registering that their products meet the EPEAT standards. This paper reviews the development of EPEAT, including the structure of the tool, the criteria considered, and the next steps in its development. First, however, we review the current market for green electronic products.","PeriodicalId":397078,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2005.","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131388154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}