Landscape History最新文献

{"title":"Dougalston in Scotland’s Western Central Belt: a Glasgow Tobacco Lord’s designed parkland landscape?","authors":"P. Bishop, C. Mills, M. Moss","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2022.2143153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2022.2143153","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century designed landscapes in the Western Central Belt of Scotland are relatively under-represented in the literature, despite this being an area with many estates that were purchased as country seats by wealthy Glasgow merchants in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. One of the wealthiest of those merchants was the Tobacco Lord John Glassford who purchased Dougalston Estate to the north of Glasgow in 1767. The long-standing conventional wisdom is that Glassford transformed the area surrounding the estate mansion into a designed parkland landscape of water bodies, woodlands, rides, and walks. We use a range of evidence — old maps, mapping of ha-has and trees, reconstruction of rides and driveways, dendrochronology, analysis of several designed landscape buildings, and archival research — to conclude that John Glassford was very probably responsible for the start of the switch from formal to parkland designed landscape, but that the full ‘project’ was completed by his son and grandson. The timing of Thomas White Senior’s involvement in Scottish landscape design means that it seems clear that he could not have been responsible for designing the Dougalston designed landscape and the issue of who was responsible for planning the Dougalston designed landscape remains to be resolved. Two important wider issues are related to the work we present here. Firstly, it must be remembered that the wealth that Glassford and his descendants poured into the parkland designed landscape was derived, at least initially and perhaps subsequently, by inheritance, from slavery. And secondly, in terms of modern-day planning matters, our work shows that the key elements of a designed landscape from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries can be reconstructed in some detail using our multi-disciplinary approach.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"43 1","pages":"45 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48397550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Territoriality and the Early Medieval Landscape. The countryside of the early Saxon Kingdom","authors":"D. Hooke","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2022.2146341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2022.2146341","url":null,"abstract":"farming practices, trade, and buildings, and extensive religious histories of each of the parishes. The book contains many attractive colour photographs of the local buildings, as well as historical photographs and maps. The book contains detailed descriptions of the extent and character of the parishes, and draws attention to the different landscape types and the contrasting landscapes within parishes. In the parish of Kirby, the contrast between the coastline and marshy islands and the inland clay plateau is highlighted, and the use of the inland plateau for agriculture and brickearth. The parish of Thorpe is largely agricultural, with deposits of London clay used for dairying and winter cereals in the twentieth century, and glacial deposits with overlying soils used for cereals, sugar beet, potatoes, and some fruit. There has also been some aggregate and clay extraction in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Walton is characterised by eroding cliff face, saltings and reclaimed marshland with a plateau to the centre and west of parish. The agricultural land was largely enclosed by the early modern period, although there is evidence of some openor common-field arrangements before this. There are interesting features of the parishes which are a result of their landscape, for example the parish of Kirby-Le-Soken varied in size in the records due to the inclusion or exclusion of marshland and saltings, erosion and reclamation as well as boundary changes. The impact of weather on the London clays in also mentioned, with its propensity to crack in dry weather and absorb water in wet weather making it prone to landslips, exacerbating coastal erosion, and meaning that much of the original parish of Walton has been lost to the sea. Alongside the usual use of archaeological, standard documentary and building evidence, the book makes extensive use of interesting source material, such as the early nineteenth-century diaries of Richard Stone, which provide evidence for the social life in the area as well as the repair of sea walls and draining of salt marsh. The book touches upon the wider relevance of these parishes, particularly the scientific significance of coastline at Walton as a source of fossils. As usual for a VCH Red Book, the book has a useful glossary, and extensive index. This book is a slim volume, particularly compared to Part 1 of the same volume, at only 256 total pages (compared to over 400 for Part 1). While the area covered by this book is able to stand alone, as a distinct area, and the editors’ choice to publish the material in this way is justifiable, nevertheless this book is unlikely to appeal to anyone who does not already have Part I of the Victoria County History of Essex XII.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":" ","pages":"141 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48416785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Real Agricultural Revolution. The transformation of English farming, 1939–1985","authors":"M. Riley","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2022.2146354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2022.2146354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"43 1","pages":"148 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42796280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bricks of Victorian London: a social and economic history","authors":"A. Harvey-Fishenden","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2022.2146353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2022.2146353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"43 1","pages":"147 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48025484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Description means Control. The example of the Russian General Land Survey in eastern Latvia in 1784–1785","authors":"Melchior Jakubowski","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2022.2143152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2022.2143152","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is a case study of Enlightenment’s cadastral landscape recording exemplified by the General Land Survey, taken by the Russian Empire in the newly acquired region of Latgale (contemporary eastern Latvia) in 1784–1785. The surveyors scrupulously described and showed on maps many natural features, such as trees, animals, birds, and fish species, as well as provided insight into social realities by mentioning inhabitants, settlements, local place-names, religious and ethnic relations. However, it was by no means a pure reflection of Latgale’s natural and cultural landscape. The paper argues that the survey in Latgale simultaneously registered the resources, regulated property boundaries, strengthened landlords’ control over peasants, and imposed the rule of the new state. Similarly, as western and central European states, Russia needed a detailed description of the province in order to control it. It was a fundamental change for Latgale, previously belonging to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that had not introduced any cadastre or comparable land survey, therefore performed little control at a local level.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"43 1","pages":"23 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42536979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes on Contributors","authors":"Luis Achondo","doi":"10.1521/prev.2022.109.4.491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/prev.2022.109.4.491","url":null,"abstract":"Luis Achondo is a Fondecyt Postdoctoral Fellow at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. He was previously a HILLS Postdoctoral Scholar in the Humanities at Case Western Reserve University. He holds a PhD in Musicology and Ethnomusicology from Brown University. His research focuses on Latin American expressive cultures in contexts of violence and scarcity. His projects have been generously funded by Fulbright, Tinker, and ANID, and his work has been published in edited volumes, Ethnomusicology Forum, Soccer and Society, Latin AmericanMusic Review, Journal of Musicological Research, and Resonancias. He was also awarded the Society for Ethnomusicology’s James T. Koetting Prize and LACSEM Prize.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"43 1","pages":"153 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46166312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical and cultural significance of the Krutynia River (Masuria, Poland)","authors":"I. Lewandowska, Maria Lawrynowicz-Szczepaniak","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2022.2143751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2022.2143751","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Among the rivers flowing through East Prussia the longest one is the Pregola, whereas Lyna and Krutynia, which are shorter, are significant for the Masurian Lake District. The 99 km-long Krutynia river flows through the Piska Wilderness and the Masurian Landscape Park. The canoe trail is considered as the most beautiful in all of Poland. This text, however, discusses not the natural values, but the historical and cultural values of Masuria, i.e. the area through which the river flows. For centuries, this area had been inhabited by various national and ethnical groups. The oldest residents — Old Prussians — founded their settlements here. Afterwards, until 1945, this area was under the rule of the Prussian state. At that time, hydraulic engineering monuments were created — sluices, dams, mills. Some of them are still operational. The last seventy-seven years passed under Polish administration. The Krutynia became a tourist attraction at that time. In the vicinity of the Krutynia river one can observe captivating cultural heritage visible on the route: antique wooden cottages, a few manor-houses, or the memory of figures known in Masuria. For centuries, the river gave work, food and was a communication route for the local people. Today it is one of the tourist symbols of Masuria.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"43 1","pages":"103 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41603833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical parcellation and ridge-and-furrow relics of open strip-fields in the north-west European lowlands","authors":"H. van Gils, T. Kasielke","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2022.2143158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2022.2143158","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We tested to what extent ridge-and-furrow relics can be identified with airborne LiDAR imagery and analysed whether the ridge-and-furrow can provide an archive of historical parcellation dynamics in open strip-fields. Our case study area is the central-eastern Netherlands (Twente; Veluwe) and adjacent lowland Germany (Westphalia). We sampled eight mark territories containing twenty-one neighbourhoods with unurbanised open strip-fields. The sample contained coversand, ground moraine and ice-pushed ridge landscapes. The study was based on LiDAR-derived elevation models (DEM), historical cadastres and topographic maps, soil and geomorphological maps as well as an archaeological excavation. Ridge-and-furrow relics of 1–2 decimetres height, invisible to the naked eye, were detected in every strip-field. In large strip-fields, raised headland relics divided ridged beds into two shorter strip parcels. In afforested parts of strip-fields, ridge-and-furrow was generally better preserved. Ridged beds were broadly congruent with cadastral strip parcels from the early nineteenth century. However, cadastral strip parcels were often shorter than ridge-and-furrow beds but frequently several beds wide. The identified micro-topographic patterns turned out to be an archive of historical reparcellation dynamics.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"43 1","pages":"77 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43131232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The repercussions of the Culbin Sands disaster of 1694: the emotional impacts of a shifting landscape in North-East Scotland","authors":"Gordon D. Raeburn","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2022.2143151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2022.2143151","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The popular story concerning the destruction of the Barony of Culbin, in North-East Scotland, is that in one night in 1694 a cataclysmic storm drowned the Barony under a sea of sand. The area never recovered, and over the years came to be known as the Culbin Sands. However, beginning in the 1920s discussions arose surrounding the afforestation of the area, an endeavour which began in the 1930s, leading to the area now being known as the Culbin Forest. The truth of the storm and the shifting of the landscape over the years is not quite so violent or sudden, yet the myth persists, and can still be found to be adhered to today by locals and visitors, amateur historians and artists, drawn in by the idea of the dangers of extreme weather. While less violent and sudden, however, the true nature of the events is still fascinating, and a potential lesson for the present, as the encroachment of sand upon the land was the product of humanity’s actions upon the local environment, and a different climate to today. This article investigates this popular narrative, interrogating it in regards to its truth and its place in history. It assesses the emotional impact of the land upon the locals, and the long-term effects of the loss of the estate. It also assesses the impact of the emotions of observers upon the land itself, and how human emotions have driven attitudes towards the environment, in the past and in the present.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"43 1","pages":"5 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45025879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thomas White (c. 1736–1811): redesigning the Northern British landscape","authors":"P. Stamper","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2022.2065295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2022.2065295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":" ","pages":"148 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44820615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}