Landscape History最新文献

{"title":"Sound in the landscape, a study of the historical literature. Part 3a: the sixteenth century onwards","authors":"D. Hooke","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928885","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The sixteenth century witnesses a renewed interest in the sounds issuing from the country pursuits of ordinary folk of the countryside. It will not be until the nineteenth century that the systematic recording of folk songs was to begin but a number of writers were already including mentions of countryside sounds and songs of country folk into their works. The sound of birdsong, however, continues to reign supreme among ‘natural’ sounds, with weather, trees and water also playing a role. These themes continue in poetry and literature throughout the succeeding centuries. A selection of quotations from poetry and other literary sources are given here.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"55 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44266937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pastoralism, nature and golf: in pursuit of the ‘Middle Landscape’ along the California coast","authors":"Lorne Platt","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928890","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dr Alister MacKenzie designed golf courses throughout Europe and the United States in the early twentieth century. As one of the sports early ‘golf architects,’ MacKenzie brought a particularly vivid interpretation of nature to his course designs. Using his writings, along with maps, diagrams and plans, this analysis focuses on his work at two courses along Monterey Bay: Cypress Point and Pasatiempo. Cypress Point represents MacKenzie’s view of nature that is something both constructed and preserved — with manicured lawns atop rugged cliffs and crashing ocean waves. Pasatiempo’s greens undulate around deep ravines and groves of redwoods. Both courses may be evaluated within the context of Leo Marx’s ‘Middle Landscape’ as spaces of nature, art, and leisure. While some elements of the physical environment were ‘preserved’ much of the design of these spaces was intent on portraying a landscape in which players could experience raw beauty while maintaining a sense of comfort and safety. As such, this analysis considers the extent to which course plans and photographs serve as notable examples of Marx’s ‘Middle Landscape’.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"119 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43615059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape, place and identity: the castles of the Holderness Plain, East Yorkshire","authors":"Elaine Jamieson","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928884","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the importance of landscape and place in the creation of identity and the establishment of power in the period following the Norman Conquest. It focuses on the Holderness Plain, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, and takes the view that the character of the landscape points towards a region which retained an enduring sense of place. It examines the nature and spatial dimension of lordship in Holderness in the period immediately following the Norman Conquest. Focusing on the medieval castles of the Plain, it explores the role of ancient monuments, natural places and existing systems of authority in the establishment of new centres of power. Through a detailed case study of Skipsea castle, it considers the ways in which the natural and cultural landscape shaped the form and siting of the Norman fortress, and how this elite centre changed through time. It also sheds new light on the ways in which the development of Skipsea castle influenced the surrounding settlement pattern, revealing how the castle and wider changes to social and cultural practices impacted on the people who inhabited the land. The conclusion is that the Norman aristocracy were drawing on the texture of the landscape and the memories and traditions of local communities as a means of reinforcing power and control.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"21 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47441339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest management and landscape history: exploitation of Scarus oak forest in Lefkada (Santa-Maura) island under Venetian and British rule (eighteenth to mid-nineteenth century)","authors":"Anastasia Gazi, I. Spyridonìdis, S. Panajiotidis","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928886","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A compilation of documents, mainly from the Venetian and British occupation periods (eighteenth to mid-nineteenth century), concerning the once thriving Scarus oak forest, is kept in the historical archive of Lefkada island. The record is a source of historical toponyms many of which were preserved in the rich cartographic and cadastral material created by the Venetians while it also holds an inventory of the forest ordered by the British administration. Valuable information is given on the management methods and policies implemented by the Venetian and British administration in order to control exploitation of the forest by the local population and harvest its different products acorns, dye and naval timber. The harsh protection measures implemented prohibited farming and stock breeding by the local peasants and villagers who were actually allowed to collect wood and forest products to meet their needs. The archive indirectly reveals a severe episode of oak forest decline that took place in the early nineteenth century. Driven by climate and extended uncontrolled wood cutting it set the foundations for the irreversible landscape conversion of modern times. Today, despite its size reduction, a significant part of the mountain top can be recognised as an oak silvopastoral system of great historical and cultural value.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"79 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44241543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humphry Repton: Landscape Design in an Age of Revolution","authors":"Jonathan Finch","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"149 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41815029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glastonbury Holy Thorn: story of a legend","authors":"Leonard Baker","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928904","url":null,"abstract":"Situated on a hill on the outskirts of Glastonbury, Somerset, the Holy Thorn is arguably one of the most significant plants in British history. From the religious conflicts of the sixteenth century...","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"151 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42891485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Victoria History of Herefordshire: Colwall","authors":"K. Thomas","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928907","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"153 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43109515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lichfield and the Lands of St Chad: Creating community in early medieval Mercia","authors":"J. Hunt","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928895","url":null,"abstract":"a meticulous look at the diverse ways in which Northumbrian-Gaelic relations were expressed. Through Edmonds’ vital ideas of cross-cultural contact between individuals, the reader can see the ongoing exchange of ideas, practices and designs. The broader landscape of Northumbria and the Gaelic worlds is balanced with more local landscapes, highlighting the significant overall effect as well as the equally important consequences that different influences had on different geographic areas and people from all walks of life. Fiona Edmonds provides a much-needed contribution to early medieval studies, adeptly conveying a complex, multicultural environment. She bridges together geographic areas, bringing the kingdom of Northumbria to the forefront of the narrative and effectively proving how significant the Gaelic influence was on the Northumbrian kingdom during the Golden Age, the Viking Age, and beyond.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"145 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44006467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing medieval eroded landscapes of the north-eastern Zuyder Zee (the Netherlands): a refined palaeogeographical time series of the Noordoostpolder between a.d. 1100 and 1400","authors":"Y. V. van Popta, K. Cohen, P. Vos, T. Spek","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2020.1835180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2020.1835180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper considers large-scale erosion of late medieval peatland landscapes along the inland lagoon rims of the north-eastern Zuyder Zee area (today: Noordoostpolder, the Netherlands) and integrates palaeogeographical reconstruction, material archeological and spatial archaeohistorical research. The dynamic regional history of coeval loss of peaty coastal plains and boom of maritime activities is studied from archaeological, geological and historical data perspectives. In the first half of the Middle Ages (a.d. 500–1000), vast peatlands and interconnected lakes characterised the study area. During the late Middle Ages (a.d. 1000–1500), increased storm surges and tidal incursions allowed for extensive progressive erosion of inhabited peatlands, transforming the central Netherlands into the Zuyder Zee tidal lagoon. In the north-eastern quadrant of the expanding water body, medieval terrestrial geological and archaeological records fell prey to erosion, re-working and uptake into lagoon-floor deposits. These deposits have been intensively surveyed since the 1940s when the quadrant was reclaimed and made into arable land, and are revealed to contain spatially clustered late medieval archaeological objects. Whereas lagoon floor re-working has hindered making a detailed palaeogeographical reconstruction based on geological data alone, including the mapping of archaeology has helped resolve the pacing of lagoon expansion. The key to resolving the lost peatland palaeogeography for the time frames 1100 and 1400, was to put the archeological data density patterns first and geological lagoon-floor facies descriptions second in process order, while for earlier periods or other regions the opposite order is the convenient choice. We present a map series beginning with an updated map for a.d. 900 (the youngest geological reconstruction), introducing the first detailed palaeogeographical maps for 1100 and 1400 (honouring the late medieval terrestrial and maritime archaeological evidence) and ending with a landscape reconstruction for 1600 (complying with the oldest historical maps of the lagoon), revealing the intertwined landscape history of land and sea as the backdrop for shifts in the human use of both.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"41 1","pages":"27 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01433768.2020.1835180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41615878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of historic field systems in northern England: a case study at Wallington, Northumberland","authors":"Soetkin Vervust, T. Kinnaird, N. Dabaut, Sam Turner","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2020.1835183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2020.1835183","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wallington in central Northumberland is a late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century country house with associated pleasure grounds. Much of the surrounding estate is agricultural land, though there are also expanses of moorland and conifer plantation. The character of Wallington’s landscape, now divided into fifteen separate farm holdings, was to a large extent shaped by estate management practices and improvements in the eighteenth– nineteenth centuries. Today’s settlement pattern is made up largely of dispersed farmsteads, with field systems which reflect the orderly rectilinear layout of planned enclosure, being separated mainly by long and fairly straight stonefaced banks. In medieval and early modern times, by contrast, the landscape is thought to have been quite different, with nucleated villages set amidst irregular open fields which were farmed collectively. The process of long-term landscape change from open to enclosed field systems has been inferred across the whole of Northumberland but it can be difficult to understand in detail. Absolute dating evidence for field systems before the eighteenth century is generally lacking and the origins and development of historic earthworks including boundary banks and the remains of arable farming are poorly understood. This paper presents results of research which used retrogressive landscape analysis (based on documentary evidence, archaeological data, aerial photographs, and historic cartography) to identify five areas for detailed geoarchaeological investigation and sampling with optically stimulated luminescence profiling and dating (OSL-PD). The results provide new perspectives on the development of landscape character at Wallington which have wider relevance for north-east England and beyond.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"41 1","pages":"57 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01433768.2020.1835183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42504423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}