Putin's Labor DilemmaPub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0001
S. Crowley
{"title":"The Political Consequences of Russian Deindustrialization","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the political consequences of Russian deindustrialization. By one important measure at least, Russia has successfully deindustrialized: a substantial portion of the labor force has shifted from the industrial to the service sector. Yet in doing so, Russia created a very peculiar labor market: defying predictions to the contrary, the steep decline of the Russian economy of the 1990s, rather than leading to mass unemployment, resulted in extreme flexibility in wages, which declined dramatically. The book demonstrates how workers matter, sometimes as rather passive constraints on Russian economic growth, but sometimes as actors with the potential to directly impact Russia's future. It assesses the argument that the fear of labor and social protest inhibits substantial economic transformation. Vladimir Putin's obsession with a Russian color revolution is quite likely misplaced; there is only limited evidence that labor or social protest in Russia might lead to “regime change,” at least in the short run.","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130459348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Putin's Labor DilemmaPub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0002
S. Crowley
{"title":"Russia’s Peculiar Labor Market and the Fear of Social Explosion","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how and why Russia adapted to capitalism and deindustrialization through a labor market that avoided mass unemployment, relying instead on extremely flexible wages, and why that system has persisted through subsequent cycles of boom and bust. There are several explanations for the rise of what became known as Russia's labor market model: the legacy of socialist paternalism and the mentality of the working unit as a “labor collective”; the incentives privatization created for managers and new owners; the motivations of regional leaders as they sought to survive the crisis; and above all, the fear of many of a possible social explosion as Russia suffered through an economic decline worse than the Great Depression. While an explosion was avoided, Russia did experience a substantial strike wave, stemming in large part from a crisis of wage arrears. Deindustrialization did indeed take place but without mass unemployment or the closure of most large industrial enterprises. Almost as surprising was the persistence of Russia's model of labor market adjustment into the 2000s. This coincided with a more statist economic approach of the new Russian government.","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"412 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113967120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Putin's Labor DilemmaPub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0005
S. Crowley
{"title":"Labor Protest in Russia’s Hybrid Regime","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter assesses Russia's labor relations and labor protest. The avenues for resolving labor disputes have become so restricted under Vladimir Putin that often the only recourse is spontaneous action taken out of desperation, resulting in a paradox of overcontrol. Despite considerable research over the years, some key questions about Russian workers remain unanswered: To what extent have Russian industrial relations been transformed over the last two to three decades, and how much do workers and workplaces remain weighed down by the Soviet legacy? The chapter then looks at some formative episodes in Russian labor relations, such as the strike wave of the late 1990s and the adoption of the new Labor Code shortly after Putin came to power. It also considers the choice workers make between pursuing individual strategies — whether redress through the courts or exit to the informal economy — or acting collectively to address their grievances. Finally, the chapter explores the types of conflicts that generate overt protest, how the authorities tend to respond, and the struggle of workers and others to make sure their demands are heard.","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121307108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Putin's Labor DilemmaPub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0004
S. Crowley
{"title":"Monotowns and Russia’s Post-Soviet Urban Geography","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the unique economic and industrial geography that Russia inherited from the Soviet past. This includes the large number of Russian monotowns, which have become flash points for real and anticipated labor protest, and has led to elaborate government programs to prevent that unrest. Indeed, Russian authorities have demonstrated a palpable fear of social unrest stemming from these particularly vulnerable cities and towns. Such fear places a sizable barrier in front of any attempt to increase economic growth by shifting capital and state resources from declining regions to more dynamic urban centers. Yet government plans, announced in 2019, to shift investment toward a handful of major metropolitan centers could place Russia's monotowns in untenable conditions, with potentially dire consequences.","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128755335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Putin's Labor DilemmaPub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0010
S. Crowley
{"title":"Overcoming Russia’s Labor Dilemma","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This concluding chapter reflects on Russia's labor dilemma. Top officials, from Vladimir Putin on down, have declared that boosting labor productivity has become a paramount goal, in order to kick-start economic growth. One avenue for doing so is to focus on “cities instead of oil” — that is, to direct government attention and resources toward building a handful of “global cities” beyond Moscow and St. Petersburg. However, a major policy plan to shift investment elsewhere runs no small risk of greater protest down the road. The only alternative to further neoliberal reforms imposed on society in the hopes of jump-starting economic growth, or economic stagnation alongside an evermore severe paternalism, would be to permit society to organize, allow real trade unions to assert the interests of their members, to push up wages and benefits for the unemployed and the poor.","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125036789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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