Putin's Labor DilemmaPub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0009
S. Crowley
{"title":"How Different is Russia? the Comparative Context","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at the Russian example in a comparative context, in particular addressing the question of how countries immediately to the west (other postcommunist countries, especially Ukraine and Belarus) and to the east (in particular China) have dealt with (de)industrialization and labor protest. In Ukraine, deindustrialization coincided with even greater economic decline, resulting in protest and revolution. In Belarus, deindustrialization and mass privatization were largely avoided, but economic grievances, combined with a dictator clinging to office, led workers to deploy their symbolic power in an attempt to bring down that dictator. In contrast, massive deindustrialization in China led to widespread protest with little sign of political instability, occurring as it did alongside almost unprecedented levels of economic growth and the creation of entirely new cities. For Russia's leaders, the Chinese case appears as an unrealizable dream, while the Ukrainian and Belarusian scenarios represent their nightmare.","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121052311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Putin's Labor DilemmaPub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0003
S. Crowley
{"title":"Russia’s Labor Productivity Trap","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter evaluates some of the consequences of Russia's model of labor market, namely low wages and struggling industrial enterprises, and especially low labor productivity, a crucial factor impinging on economic growth. Yet instead of tackling that problem head-on, the government has pursued industrial policies that reinforce it by maintaining employment. These include bailouts and subsidies to industry, protectionist measures, efforts to create an industrial policy through import substitution, and support for and expansion of state-owned enterprises, in particular those in military industries and the automobile sector. While there is little doubt that the expansion of state-owned enterprises was driven by politically powerful and well-connected individuals seeking to profit financially, another factor cannot be excluded: the perceived importance of avoiding mass layoffs so as to prevent potentially destabilizing labor protest. While critics claim that the Russian economy props up inefficient enterprises in paternalist fashion for the sake of employment, the issue of jobs is a core political concern for leaders like Vladimir Putin.","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132884772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Putin's Labor DilemmaPub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0006
S. Crowley
{"title":"Downsizing in “Russia’s Detroit”","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the case of Tolyatti, the country's largest monotown, often referred to as “Russia's Detroit.” It begins by investigating another example of Russia's industrial policy, this time through the automobile sector. The chapter details the rise of Russia's leading alternative union through that sector, and how its strengths and limitations mirrored those of the auto industry. It then focuses on AvtoVAZ, Russia's leading auto factory, located in Tolyatti. Just like the US city of Detroit, Tolyatti, along with AvtoVAZ, has experienced hard times. Indeed, the case of AvtoVAZ seems to provide a counter-example to one of the central claims of this book: massive layoffs took place here without large-scale social unrest, let alone a social explosion. Yet on closer inspection, the chapter finds that the downsizing of AvtoVAZ was accompanied with huge subsidies and considerable state intervention, some of which, rather than easing social tensions, made the situation even more combustible.","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121487842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Putin's Labor DilemmaPub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0007
S. Crowley
{"title":"The Specter of a Color Revolution","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the question of how a state as strong as Vladimir Putin's Russia could yet be afraid of its own population. It explores the fear of a Russian color revolution, the importance of stability and economic growth to Putin's legitimacy, and his use of class divisions and nationalist rhetoric to divide real and potential opponents. The increased fear of a color revolution clearly stemmed from the events next door in Ukraine. It was also driven by concerns about the economy, specifically regarding the sudden drop in oil prices, which also occurred in 2014, the same year as the Maidan revolution. However, the potential for a Russian color revolution is fairly low. Many of the color revolutions elsewhere have arisen over charges of widespread fraud in elections, whereas support for President Putin, and even United Russia, has been sufficiently high so that — at least so far — blatant fraud to change election outcomes has not been needed. Moreover, when political protests did break out over charges of electoral fraud in 2011–2012, Putin succeeded in heightening social divisions between “real Russians” in the industrial and rural hinterlands and the cosmopolitan professionals in the major cities.","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123264216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1. The Political Consequences of Russian Deindustrialization","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.1515/9781501756306-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501756306-004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"135 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113940156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"7. The Specter of a Color Revolution","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.1515/9781501756306-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501756306-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127642792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"9. How Different Is Russia? The Comparative Context","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.1515/9781501756306-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501756306-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124163370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2. Russia’s Peculiar Labor Market and the Fear of Social Explosion","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.1515/9781501756306-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501756306-005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133255821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"8. Russia’s Truckers and the Road to Radicalization","authors":"S. Crowley","doi":"10.1515/9781501756306-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501756306-011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394031,"journal":{"name":"Putin's Labor Dilemma","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130541907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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