{"title":"The theoretical performance of a class of space-time adaptive detection and training strategies for airborne radar","authors":"C. Richmond","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751541","url":null,"abstract":"First generation airborne radar systems were non-adaptive, performing such operations as moving target indication (MTI), synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, and displaced phased center array (DPCA) data processing. In most cases the processing was separate in space and time (Doppler). Optimal joint space-time adaptive processing (STAP) methods for target detection and parameter estimation have been known for years but were computationally infeasible. Promising hardware technologies, however, have encouraged a revisitation of these optimal methods. The efforts of the DARPA sponsored Mountaintop Program brought to the surface some of the weaknesses of these algorithms (which were derived and therefore only optimal under rather ideal assumptions rarely satisfied in the real world). We consider the theoretical performance analysis of a class of STAP detection algorithms under ideal and non-ideal conditions including target steering vector mismatch, sidelobe targets and inhomogeneities, and the impact two of the training strategies (i) sliding window with de-emphasis and (ii) power selected training. The detection algorithms considered include the classical adaptive matched filter (AMF), the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), and the more contemporary adaptive cosine estimator (ACE), and the 2-D adaptive sidelobe blanker (ASB).","PeriodicalId":393743,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Cat. No.98CH36284)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131962222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance analysis of a subspace algorithm for cochannel TDMA signals","authors":"R. Chandrasekaran, Kuei-Chiang Lai, J. Shynk","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751576","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the performance of a subspace algorithm that separates cochannel TDMA signals using an adaptive antenna array. The algorithm processes a block of data in two passes. In the first pass, the weight vector is constrained to lie in a subspace that contains the direction vector of the signal of interest and is orthogonal to the subspace spanned by the direction vectors of the interferers. In the second pass, this weight vector is modified by projecting it onto an appropriate subspace determined by the cochannel interferers. The analysis includes expressions for the beamformer weights and the mean-square error in terms of the signal direction vectors. These results allow one to numerically evaluate the performance of the subspace algorithm for different cochannel scenarios.","PeriodicalId":393743,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Cat. No.98CH36284)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129618016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time sonar beamforming on a Unix workstation using process networks and POSIX threads","authors":"G. E. Allen, B. Evans, David C. Schanbacher","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751620","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, expensive custom hardware has been required to implement data-intensive sonar beamforming algorithms in real-time. We develop a sonar beamformer in software by merging the following technologies: (1) symmetric multiprocessing on Unix workstations, (2) lightweight POSIX threads, and (3) the process network model of computation. We find that it is feasible for a 4-GFLOP digital interpolation process network beamformer to run in real-time on a Sun workstation with 16 UltraSPARC-II processors running at 336 MHz. The workstation beamformer significantly reduces cost and development time over an equivalent hardware beamformer.","PeriodicalId":393743,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Cat. No.98CH36284)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131715767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A recursive fast multiplier","authors":"A. Danysh, E. Swartzlander","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.1998.750853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.1998.750853","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a recursive fast multiplication algorithm. The paper defines the algorithm and applies it to two's complement signed multiplication. A step-by-step approach is given that discusses the architectural and logic implementation in detail. A random, self-checking, simulation program verifies the correctness of the recursive multiplication algorithm. The paper analyzes the speed and gate count of the design and compares the results to other multiplier designs.","PeriodicalId":393743,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Cat. No.98CH36284)","volume":"65 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131292903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive sidelobe blanker: a novel method of performance evaluation and threshold setting in the presence of inhomogeneous clutter","authors":"D. Kreithen, C. Pearson, C. Richmond","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.1998.750919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.1998.750919","url":null,"abstract":"The adaptive sidelobe blanker (ASB) detection algorithm consists of a cascade of two detectors: an adaptive matched filter (AMF) followed by an adaptive coherence estimator (ACE). The ASB has been shown to be effective at mitigating false alarms due to the presence of clutter inhomogeneities. This paper addresses two issues: how to choose thresholds for the component AMF and ACE detection algorithms, and how to predict the performance of the ASB in the presence of a given amount of clutter inhomogeneity, for which no general analytic closed-form solution exists. Two proposed methods of threshold choice aid the system designer in quantifying the losses that are incurred by use of the ASB.","PeriodicalId":393743,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Cat. No.98CH36284)","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121827827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multichannel integration for landcover classification in satellite imagery","authors":"S. Shah, J. Aggarwal","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.1998.750930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.1998.750930","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology and results for multichannel integration in remotely sensed data by learning disparate models from each channel for information classification. The objective is the classification of data to map landcover. The methodology is based on a modular structure consisting of multiple classifiers, each of which solves the problem independently based on its input observations. Each classifier module is trained to detect distinct landcover regions and a higher order decision integrator collects evidence from each of the modules to delineate a final region. A Bayesian realization of the framework is developed, where each classifier module represents the conditional probability density function. Results of classification are shown in Landsat data. These integrated results are also compared to single-channel/feature classification results.","PeriodicalId":393743,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Cat. No.98CH36284)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132164329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal architectures for massively parallel implementation of hard real-time beamformers","authors":"K. Watkins","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751412","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports an experimental analysis of real-time computational architectures applied to digital time delay beamformation. The goal of this research has been to identify the most efficient multiprocessor utilization for a prototypical beamformer by modeling the signal processing and applying selected multiprocessor scheduling algorithms. A synchronous dataflow (SDF) domain model was used to implement the most computationally intense core of the beamformer in Ptolemy. In order to evaluate multiprocessor scheduling performance, four automated scheduling strategies were applied: declustering, a classical list scheduler, dynamic-level scheduler, and a hierarchical scheduler. A manual heuristic schedule was also postulated and evaluated. Several key metrics were applied in judging optimality. It is demonstrated that the hierarchical scheduler holds measurable advantage over the other algorithms considered including the manual method. An analysis of the underlying performance drivers is given.","PeriodicalId":393743,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Cat. No.98CH36284)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123145475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A simple scheme for transmit diversity using partial channel feedback","authors":"R. Heath, A. Paulraj","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751427","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work in wireless communications focuses on transmit diversity as a convenient means to obtain diversity gain where receivers have a limited number of antennas. Unlike at the receiver exploiting the diversity advantage from multiple transmitting antennas is difficult since channel knowledge is not readily available at the transmitter and because the signals arrive having been combined in space. To alleviate this problem we propose a simple scheme called partial phase combining (PPC) which uses partial knowledge about the relative phases of the channels to select the antenna phases. The proposed algorithm is useful in systems where the channel is correlated from frame to frame. Monte Carlo simulations are used to compare performance with other proposed transmit diversity systems.","PeriodicalId":393743,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Cat. No.98CH36284)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127774806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal joint azimuth-elevation and signal-array response estimation using parallel factor analysis","authors":"R. Bro, N. Sidiropoulos, G. Giannakis","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751595","url":null,"abstract":"We consider deterministic joint azimuth-elevation, signal, and array response estimation, and establish a direct link to parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis, a tool with roots in linear algebra for multi-way arrays. This link affords a powerful identifiability result, plus the opportunity to tap on and extend the available expertise for fitting the PARAFAC model, to derive a deterministic (least squares) joint estimation algorithm, also applicable to multiple-parameter/multiple-invariance ESPRIT subspace fitting problems. These and other issues are demonstrated in pertinent simulation experiments.","PeriodicalId":393743,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Cat. No.98CH36284)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115310902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power comparison of flow-graph and distributed arithmetic based DCT architectures","authors":"M. Kuhlmann, K. Parhi","doi":"10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.1998.751519","url":null,"abstract":"The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is widely used in image and video compression systems. Two popular approaches to implementation of DCT algorithms include use of distributed arithmetic and flow-graphs based on fast algorithms. The distributed arithmetic architectures (DAA) have been widely used in many system implementations, due to their low latency and area requirements. However, no systematic study of power, area and latency tradeoffs of the DAA and the FGA have been studied. This paper presents a systematic study of area, latency and power consumption of these two alternate architectures. It is concluded that the flow-graph architecture consumes about 39% less power compared to the distributed arithmetic architecture, at the expenses of 28% more area and a 3.75 times increase in latency. Alternatively, by reducing the level of pipelining in the flowgraph architecture the implementation consumes 13% less power, at the expense of 20% more area and a tow times increase in latency. These results have been obtained by estimating the power consumption on actual layouts with effects of parasitic capacitance included as opposed to estimation of power consumption on schematics.","PeriodicalId":393743,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Cat. No.98CH36284)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125188643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}