Sociological Focus最新文献

{"title":"Deliberative Interdependence: A Durkheimian Approach to Promoting Collaborative Learning in Diverse Classrooms","authors":"Michel Estefan","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2283722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2283722","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As institutions of higher education have become more diverse over the past several decades, building a strong sense of community in the classroom has emerged as a core moral and pedagogical imperative to make students from all backgrounds feel welcome and promote their academic success. In this paper, I argue that the pedagogy underlying the impetus for community building in the classroom is premised on a problematic understanding of the type of bonds that connect students in a genuinely diverse classroom. In Durkheimian terms, these bonds are more akin to organic solidarity (bonds by virtue of mutual reliance) than mechanical solidarity (bonds by virtue of shared cultural and moral beliefs). Instead of community building, I propose deliberative interdependence as a more effective model for generating collaborative learning in diverse classrooms. I illustrate how to apply this model through innovative learning and assessment methods and draw on student course evaluations to document their effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139264973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race Preferences at Work: How Supervisory Status, Employment Sector, and Workplace Racial Composition Shape White Americans’ Beliefs About Affirmative Action","authors":"Ryan A. Smith, Matthew O. Hunt","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2233927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2233927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study examines how white Americans’ beliefs about affirmative action intersect with three important workplace factors: supervisory status (supervisors vs. subordinates), employment sector (public vs. private), and workplace racial composition. Using data from the 1996–2018 General Social Surveys, we first examine trends over time in three beliefs: (1) the perception that whites are hurt by affirmative action, (2) attitudes toward the preferential hiring and promotion of blacks, and (3) opinions regarding special treatment by the government for blacks. We then examine how the three workplace factors shape support for (or opposition to) such race-targeted policies. Our analyses reveal declining opposition to affirmative action over time, though a majority of whites, regardless of authority level, still hold conservative stances on race-targeted policies. Further, results for our three key predictors (supervisory status, employment sector, workplace racial composition) provide support for group position, new governance, and intergroup contact theories, respectively. We conclude by discussing implications of our findings for intergroup relations with special focus on understanding barriers to the implementation of antidiscrimination and diversity policies aimed at ameliorating racial inequities in U.S. workplaces.KEYWORDS: Affirmative actiongroup position theoryintergroup contact theorynew governance theorypublic/private sector Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1 In their study using 1994 Los Angeles survey data, Bobo et al. (Citation2000) observed that white supervisors were significantly more opposed to affirmative action than their subordinate counterparts. We keep this finding in mind but forward our expectation of “no differences” across the supervisory divide in light of (1) our broader set of outcomes, (2) our nationally representative data source, (3) our larger set of workplace and other covariates, and (4) the overall set of findings reported by Bobo et al. (Citation2000), alongside those of more recent tests of group position theory that analyze the relationship between supervisory status and whites’ racial attitudes (e.g., Smith and Hunt Citation2021).2 Extrapolating these scope conditions to the U.S. workplace illuminates why anti-black prejudice and discrimination remains such a prominent problem. For example, few workplaces in the United States have racial/ethnic representation throughout all ranks of the organization proportional to the population. Thus, the absence of a critical mass of minority representation throughout all levels of the organization precludes by default the prospect of equal status between groups.3 We explored possible creation of a composite measure (e.g., index) of whites’ beliefs combining these three measures, though this proved impossible since all three items never appear on the same GSS ballot in any of the years we examine. In addition, since","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blaming the Victim, the Bystander, the Perpetrator, or the Institution: Student Allocation of Responsibility for Sexual Assault when Programming Hypothetically Varies","authors":"Chadwick L. Menning, Erica Dee Fox, Lex K. Nunn","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2219110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2219110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTGuided by theories of socialization and just policy theory, we explore how students allocate blame when sexual assault prevention programming hypothetically varies, net of the effects of evaluators’ traits. Using a survey instrument containing a series of vignettes, we ask whether university students’ (N = 254) perceptions of responsibility attributed to victims, perpetrators, bystanders, and university administrators varies by hypothetical program trainee and also by the hypothetical implementation of any program versus no program. Findings indicate that students allocate more blame to bystanders and perpetrators when hypothetical programming includes bystander training but that programs that train victims are not associated with increased victim blaming. Administrators are blamed less when bystander intervention is included in programming. However, compared to when no training is hypothetically implemented, students allocate more blame to victims and bystanders when any programming is present and less to administrators. Among respondent-level controls, victim blaming is consistently predicted by evaluators’ rape myth acceptance. Implications for future work, theoretical development, and policy are discussed.KEYWORDS: Interventionjust policy theorypreventionsexual assaultvictim blaming AcknowledgmentsThe authors wish to thank Dr. Mellisa Holtzman, Dr. Ellen Whitehead, Meagan Brant, Tom Henry, and Olivia Anderson for their assistance with this project.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationNotes on contributorsChadwick L. MenningChadwick L. Menning is professor and chair of the Department of Sociology at Ball State University. His research focuses on risk reduction among youths and young adults, including sexual assault and its consequences. He is interested in the application of empirical findings to the development of programming and social policies.Erica Dee FoxErica Dee Fox is a graduate of the Department of Sociology at Ball State University. She works as an adjunct instructor and academic advisor at Ivy Tech Community College in Muncie, Indiana, and a research assistant at Portland State University. Her research interests include disability studies, sexual assault prevention, and regional studies.Lex K. NunnLex. K. Nunn is a graduate of the Department of Psychology at Ball State University. His research focuses on death and dying, pet ownership, and gender and sexual minority diversity issues.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135537200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signs, Songs, and Dr. Seuss: The Activism of LGBTQ College Students Challenging the Hostile Messages of Campus Preachers","authors":"M. Barringer, B. Savage, Caroline Howard","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2245368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2245368","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT LGBTQ youth participation in activism on university campuses helps students to build resiliency and thrive as college students. Campus preachers are a catalyst of such activism among LGBTQ students and their allies. Sociological research has largely overlooked LGBTQ activism aimed at localized conditions such as campuses. Additionally, the phenomenon of campus preachers is largely absent from the social science literature. The current study targets this gap by examining the tactics college students use to contest the anti-LGBTQ messages of campus preachers at their universities. The dataset consists of articles drawn from online student newspapers at four-year, public universities in the United States, published between 2010 and 2020. Centered in the framework of contestation, intentionality, and collective identity, our analysis reveals the LGBTQ students asserted their agency and visibility by challenging the anti-LGBTQ messages of campus preachers through intentionally selected tactics, and in doing so, they often built solidarity with non-LGBTQ students. We conclude that by engaging in such activism aimed at the localized campus culture, LGBTQ students used the visitations of the campus preachers as opportunities to engage the intrapersonal and interpersonal components of thriving, employing agency, creativity, resilience, and social connectedness to counter the messages designed to denigrate and oppress them.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48201330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group Positions Beyond the Binary: The Determinants of Immigration Attitudes Among Black, Hispanic, and White Americans","authors":"Randall R. Wyatt, D. Merolla","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2239734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2239734","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research on racial policy attitudes has primarily focused on the attitudes of black and white Americans. However, given the shifting racial landscape in the United States, it is important to understand how other racial groups view important social issues. Using Blumer’s group positions model, this research seeks to determine the predictors of five immigration attitudes among white, black, and both U.S. and foreign-born Hispanic Americans. Results using data from the 2004 and 2008 National Politics Study show that black, white, and U.S.-born Hispanic Americans display more anti-immigration attitudes than foreign-born Hispanics, with Black and White Americans showing the most anti-immigrant attitudes. Further, results show that whereas individual economic threat has a similar effect on immigration attitudes for Americans of all racial backgrounds, whites’ attitudes are also shaped by group-based economic and political threat and racial affect. These findings indicate that whites’ unique position as the dominant economic and political group in the United States makes their immigration attitudes uniquely sensitive to group-based threats to their dominant position.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44415648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Love, Papers, or Both: The Marriage Pathway and the Lay Moralities of Undocumented Filipino Immigrants","authors":"Jonathan Leif Basilio","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2243591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2243591","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the moral sensibilities and capacities of undocumented Filipino immigrants within the context of the so-called “marriage pathway”—a route for regularization through marriage to a U.S. citizen. Advocating for the inclusion of the moral dimension in examinations of the social lives of undocumented immigrants, it explores how the Filipino immigrants’ lay moralities factor in their evaluations and decision-making regarding marriage and legalization, shedding light on their moral responses to consider or reject notions of marriage based on instrumental grounds. It argues further that the immigrants’ moral sentiments, empathy and fellow-feeling, enduring commitments to moral norms, and dispositions of care help overcome their status concerns and imbue their actions with moral force and legitimacy amidst social pressures to enter marriage with a view for regularization. Finally, it makes a case for the moral potency of moral communities as a source of meaning that immigrants respond to and identify with, suggesting that evaluations of immigrants’ marital motivations must also consider the quality and intensity of the ties within their networks of moral support.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49017434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual Stigma and Twitter","authors":"Amber Urban, M. Holtzman","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2243588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2243588","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Menstrual stigma is a pervasive issue in societies around the world, but advocacy and public dialogue may be able to help dismantle this stigma. Drawing on the tenets of social constructionism, this research examines whether menstrual discourse on Twitter is likely to challenge or reinforce stigma. Qualitative analyses of 644 tweets posted during 2018 suggest that although some public discussions of menstruation reinforce menstrual stigma, many also help undermine stigma by promoting open dialogue, raising awareness around menstrual issues, and advocating for change. Implications for future menstrual activism efforts are discussed.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41475441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Eager Conformist, the Well-Rounded Collaborator, and the Independent Innovator: A Qualitative Exploration of Teachers’ Conceptions of the Ideal Student, the Hidden Curriculum, and Social Class","authors":"Zachary R. Simoni","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2239743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2239743","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores teachers’ conceptions of the ideal student, aspects of the hidden curriculum, and how each varies by neighborhood-level social class. I used a thematic analysis to analyze 30 semi-structured interviews with public elementary school teachers in the United States. Emergent themes indicate the creation of archetypes regarding the ideal student, their connection to social class, and their effect on the hidden curriculum. Most notably, teachers teaching in lower-class neighborhoods idealized the eager conformist; teachers teaching in middle-class neighborhoods idealized the well-rounded collaborator; and teachers teaching in upper-class neighborhoods idealized the independent innovator. Findings suggest that teachers’ conceptions of the ideal student reflect the social conditions of the neighborhood where they teach, which impacts aspects of their teaching pedagogy and classroom-management techniques.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43210932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Label of Looks: Physical Attractiveness, Stigma, and Deviant Behavior","authors":"Thomas J. Mowen, A. Heitkamp","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2239733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2239733","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There are numerous advantages afforded to physically attractive individuals, including better employment opportunities, higher wages, and being viewed as more intelligent, capable, and nicer than those who are less attractive. From a labeling perspective, there is ample theoretical rationale to believe that people who are less attractive may engage in greater deviant behaviors due to the stigma of feeling “ugly.” Using a sample of 1,486 college students, this study explores how both perceptions of attractiveness as well as the stigma about one’s looks relate to a variety index of norm-breaking behaviors (e.g. chewing with an open mouth, drunk dialing, failing to bathe). Findings revealed that perceptions of physical attractiveness were not a significant correlate of deviance; however, individuals who reported greater levels of stigma about their looks reported significantly greater levels of general deviance than those with lower levels of stigma. Results further showed that stigma moderated a significant negative effect between perceptions of attractiveness and deviance, particularly for people of “average” looks. Echoing prior studies on the importance of physical attractiveness in society, findings from this study highlight that how people feel about their looks carries significant influence on behaviors, including everyday forms of general social deviance.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49200288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religious and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Flu and COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions","authors":"R. K. Brown, Karael Campbell, Berkeley Franz, Ronald E. Brown","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2239739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2239739","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vaccination is an effective public health initiative to reduce severe illness and death due to COVID-19. Vaccine uptake in the United States has been uneven, however. One proposed mechanism to improve vaccine uptake is to engage religious groups to provide health information and encourage vaccination. It remains unclear though if Americans with differing racial/ethnic identities and religious affiliations are equally likely to receive health-related information in religious settings and endorse COVID-19 vaccination. We assessed data from the 2020–2021 National Politics Study, which utilized a national research panel of U.S. adults. Using logistic regression and a treatment effects approach, we found that having heard health-related messages in religious settings and endorsing progressive religious ideology were associated with increased COVID-19 and flu vaccine acceptance. This relationship was stronger among White American worship-goers. These findings suggest that partnerships with religious organizations may be important if additional barriers to vaccination are also addressed.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45537417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}