CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources最新文献_第7页

Food safety and methods to ensure food security in the face of climate change. 食品安全与气候变化下确保食品安全的方法。

CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNRYR202116015

J. Tripathi

{"title":"Food safety and methods to ensure food security in the face of climate change.","authors":"J. Tripathi","doi":"10.1079/PAVSNNRYR202116015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNRYR202116015","url":null,"abstract":"Serious social, economic, and ecological consequences of climate change due to the high levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in our atmosphere resulting from a wide range of human activities including the burning of fossil fuels and land use have impacted weather events world over. Extreme weather events and warmer global temperatures are likely to be more frequent with an adverse overall effect on agricultural production unless there is an urgent reduction in GHG emissions. There is thus an immediate need for increasing adaptive capacity in agriculture to long-term climatic trends and increasing variability in weather patterns. Climate change also poses significant challenges to global food safety due to the emergence of new pathogens, insect pests, and toxicants. Food safety threats cause an enormous burden on economies due to disruptions or restrictions in global and regional agrifood trade, food loss, and associated income. Food safety thus plays a critical role across the four pillars of food security—availability, access, utilization, and stability. Climate change is likely to create new safety issues entailing reassessing our tolerance to risk and safety limits presently established for the human food chain. The present review focuses on the factors affecting food security and safety as a consequence of climate change and the pre- and postharvest strategies that need to be adopted to mitigate these effects for enhancing food safety and global food sufficiency in future.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85337154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex selection techniques and their implications. 性别选择技术及其含义。

CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR202116019

Y. Naniwa

{"title":"Sex selection techniques and their implications.","authors":"Y. Naniwa","doi":"10.1079/PAVSNNR202116019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR202116019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Sex selection techniques provide economic benefits to dairy and beef herd management. Therefore, the development of such techniques has attracted the attention of reproductive biologists. There have been numerous studies concerning the development of sex selection techniques. As the sex of the offspring is determined by certain chromosomes, namely the X and Y chromosomes in mammals, most studies have focused on sperm sexing, attempting to separate the X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm based on differences in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content, head size/volume, motility, and immunological specificity. However, most of these methods have failed to show reproducibility. Only the flow cytometric method has been confirmed to be accurate and reliable thus far. More than three decades have passed since this technique was first developed. The sexed semen produced with the method is currently commercialized and widely used for artificial insemination (AI) in cattle around the world. Recently, however, another technique based on differences in DNA contents using a fluidics device was developed by a commercial company. Studies focused on immunological approaches and the modification of sperm motility have also described the successful separation of the two types of sperm. Therefore, the present review evaluated the available sex selection techniques and their implications.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87366500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing antibiotic use in the control of mastitis in dairy herds. 减少抗生素的使用以控制奶牛群的乳腺炎。

CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR202116014

J. Breen

{"title":"Reducing antibiotic use in the control of mastitis in dairy herds.","authors":"J. Breen","doi":"10.1079/PAVSNNR202116014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR202116014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The control of mastitis remains a focus of attention for dairy farmers, veterinary surgeons and advisors due to its impact on cow health and welfare, milk quality, sustainable production, and the financial costs associated with treatment, prevention and ongoing control. In addition, the focus on the unnecessary use of antibiotics in agriculture has meant that mastitis control in dairy herds has received renewed interest, particularly around prevention of new infection and alternative treatment strategies. The latter includes the selective use of intra-mammary antibiotic for infected cows at drying-off, reserving parenteral antibiotic for clinical cases where the cow is ill, and selecting intra-mammary antibiotic treatment for clinical mastitis based on culture results. Treating clinical mastitis caused by Gram-positive pathogens such as Streptococcus spp. with intra-mammary antibiotic remains important to optimise chance of cure and reduce risk of transmission of infection, although antibiotics may not be required for clinical mastitis infections caused by other pathogens, particularly E. coli. The long-term reduction and rationalisation of antibiotic use in mastitis control is achieved through improved management to prevent new infections and avoid the need to treat mastitis. This comes through understanding the predominant epidemiological 'pattern' of infection in the herd and targeted implementation of well-specified interventions to reduce the rate of new infection, either in lactation or during the dry period. For most dairy herds, environmental mastitis pathogens predominate and therefore management and hygiene of housed and pastured environments is a key component of mastitis control plans designed to reduce the need to use antibiotics in mastitis control.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85705793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Zinc supplementation in ruminant diets: efficacy, safety, and formulation. 反刍动物日粮中锌的补充:功效、安全性和配方。

CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR202116007

L. E. R. Jimenez

引用次数: 0

Mountain pine beetle: an example of a climate-driven eruptive insect impacting conifer forest ecosystems. 山松甲虫:气候驱动的爆发昆虫影响针叶林生态系统的一个例子。

CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR202116018

Kishan R. Sambaraju

{"title":"Mountain pine beetle: an example of a climate-driven eruptive insect impacting conifer forest ecosystems.","authors":"Kishan R. Sambaraju","doi":"10.1079/PAVSNNR202116018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR202116018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Climate change is altering the survival and reproductive capacity of plant-feeding insects in multiple ecosystems worldwide, in some cases creating conditions highly suitable for population eruptions. Forest ecosystems are particularly sensitive to climate change as their vulnerability is manifested, in part, as an upsurge in natural disturbances such as native insect outbreaks. The mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a phloem-feeding bark beetle indigenous to western North America that attacks most species of pine including its major hosts, lodgepole pine and ponderosa pine. Adult mass aggregation, mediated by pheromones, helps the beetle to overcome tree defenses eventually killing the tree. Recent outbreaks of this insect have caused extensive pine mortality and have affected millions of hectares of forested area in western North America. Climate is a major driver of these outbreaks. In this review, we describe the direct influences of various climate-related factors on MPB development, outbreak behavior, and range expansion and their indirect impact on MPB epidemiology via influences on host trees and MPB-associated fungi. We also underscore the ecological and economic consequences of the recent, unprecedented MPB outbreak. Of serious concern currently is whether climate change will facilitate rapid establishment and spread of MPB in naïve pine forests. MPB will likely adapt quickly to new thermal environments under climate change given its short generation time; however, uncertainties and gaps in our understanding of MPB population dynamics (e.g., trophic interactions) in newly invaded habitats preclude an accurate assessment of outbreak potential and spread at this time.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76846619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Grass-legume intercropping for sustainability animal production in the tropics. 热带地区可持续畜牧业生产的草豆科作物间作。

CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2021-01-25 DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR202116021

M. Rusdy

引用次数: 0

Vitamin D, VDR, and probiotics in health and disease. 维生素D, VDR和益生菌在健康和疾病中的作用。

CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR202116003

M. Abboud

引用次数: 1

Agroecological practices for whole-system sustainability. 促进整个系统可持续性的农业生态实践。

CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR202116005

C. Hawes

{"title":"Agroecological practices for whole-system sustainability.","authors":"C. Hawes","doi":"10.1079/PAVSNNR202116005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR202116005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Current food production systems are major contributors to the environmental degradation that leads to climate change and biodiversity loss. Levels of production required for future food security cannot be met by further increases in inputs of non-renewable resources. The world's food crops must therefore be managed in a sustainable way that maintains long-term ecological functioning, including nutrient, carbon and water cycles, soil quality, primary productivity, microbe-plant associations, pest and pathogen regulation, pollination and arable food web resilience. All of these are determined by agronomic practices at local and regional scales, and all are sustained by the abundance, diversity and functional composition of plants, microbes and invertebrates in the farmed ecosystem. Presence of viable populations and communities of these organisms is therefore essential for system resilience. Long-term sustainability must rely more heavily on the internal generation of products and regulatory ecosystem services than on external inputs. Fully closed systems are impossible to achieve in agriculture as the product is removed for human consumption. There is ample evidence, however, that semi-closed, regenerative, systems can harness the ecosystem services provided by functional biodiversity to enhance crop production whilst simultaneously improving environmental quality. Here, agroecological alternatives to intensive farming practices are reviewed, focusing on key functional indicators and whole-system integration of practical management options designed to achieve multiple beneficial outcomes at field and farm scales.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82509963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Microbes in biogeochemical cycles: a perspective on climate resilient agriculture. 生物地球化学循环中的微生物:气候适应型农业的视角。

CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR202116006

Aditi Gurung

{"title":"Microbes in biogeochemical cycles: a perspective on climate resilient agriculture.","authors":"Aditi Gurung","doi":"10.1079/PAVSNNR202116006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR202116006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microorganisms, which are ubiquitous players in all major agro-ecosystems, play important roles in biogeochemical cycles. Due to anthropogenic activities and current practices of agriculture, there has been interference in the natural cycling of essential elements and nutrients. A harmony in the functioning of natural biogeochemical cycles in the soil is essential for maintaining all life on Earth. Therefore, usage of beneficial soil microorganisms is important for sustaining agriculture due to poor soil health conditions that prevail because of excessive chemical inputs both in the past and present to increase crop yields. In this review, we focus on how the terrestrial soil microbes are involved in the interplay between biogeochemical cycles, sustainable agricultural practices, and climate change. We have highlighted the mechanisms by which microbes, through aiding the mineralization processes, support plant growth in cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Microorganisms further support plant growth to adapt to climate change although few specific mechanisms are known, but many others by which they aid plants remain enigmatic. Despite the various gaps that remain, we advocate that coupling biogeochemical cycles research with sustainable agricultural practices using plant-microbe interchange is highly warranted. Therefore, to feed a growing global population and to preserve ecosystem functions, we propose that the agricultural practices should be conducted in a manner to regulate greenhouse gases release and safeguard our environmental resources due to climate change.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83124980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate change-food security nexus in Burkina Faso. 布基纳法索的气候变化与粮食安全关系。

CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR202116009

H. El-Bilali

{"title":"Climate change-food security nexus in Burkina Faso.","authors":"H. El-Bilali","doi":"10.1079/PAVSNNR202116009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR202116009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change is expected to have far-reaching impacts on food security. Such impacts are likely to be higher in developing countries. This paper analyses the state of research on the nexus between climate change and food security in Burkina Faso. In particular, it sheds light on whether and how the scholarly literature addresses the impacts of climate change on the four dimensions of food security (i.e. food availability, food access, food utilisation and stability). It also explores the synergies and trade-offs between climate change mitigation/adaptation and food security. A search performed in April 2020 on the Web of Science yielded 243 records and 62 of them, which resulted eligible, were included in the systematic review. The literature shows that climate change will affect all the four dimensions of food security. However, most of the analysed literature addresses its effects on food availability. Indeed, it focuses on impacts on crop yields and climate suitability for crops (e.g. maize, millet, sorghum). Moreover, most of the impacts on the remaining food security dimensions stem from the negative effects on food production and supply (cf. food availability). The review also shows that, on the one hand, climate change mitigation can undermine food security and, on the other hand, agriculture intensification and some adaptation strategies, which aim to enhance food security, might increase emissions from agriculture. The dual climate change-food security relationship calls for integrated policies that address trade-offs and optimise co-benefits between 'climate action' and 'zero hunger' in Burkina Faso.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74997198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0