South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"A Rare Case of Hypopharyngeal Hamartoma Causing Acute Airway Obstruction.","authors":"R Austin Cihak, William C Spanos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A hamartoma is a benign tumor of tissue resembling the site of origin, despite exhibiting disorganized architecture. While benign, symptoms typically arise from mass effects. They are often found in the lower gastrointestinal tract and are a rare finding in the pharynx and larynx. Here we present a rare case of hamartoma of the hypopharynx in an 87-year-old male, which was dislodged and regurgitated during an episode of coughing, which resulted in syncope and airway obstruction. His wife was able to restore airway function by rolling the patient on his side until the ambulance arrived. The patient underwent microlaryngeal excision of the dislodged mass, and analysis of frozen sections showed hamartoma with no potential of malignancy. The patient's recovery was uncomplicated, and there has been no evidence of recurrence noted two years post-operatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 10","pages":"458-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orf Infection (Ecthyma Contagiosum) Transmitted from Sheep to Child: A Case Report.","authors":"Luke C Teigen, Jacob C Teigen, Hao Li, Andrew J Erie","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orf is a parapoxvirus endemically found in sheep and goats. Orf can be transmitted to humans in close contact with infected animals, causing a self-limited viral skin infection known as ecythyma contagiosum. The diagnosis can be made clinically and treatment is usually conservative; however, unfamiliarity with orf may lead to an extended work-up. We present an 11-year-old male with orf infection of his index finger, to increase awareness of this diagnosis especially for healthcare providers serving rural communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 10","pages":"450-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induced Resistance of Ocular Surface Flora in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery.","authors":"Elise Meide, Tanner Ferguson, Daniel Terveen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the effects of pre-operative topical moxifloxacin prior to cataract surgery on the growth of ocular surface bacteria and induced antibiotic resistance after a 3-day course of moxifloxacin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was a prospective, dual arm, randomized study. The study group of 17 patients used moxifloxacin four times daily, for three days prior to surgery. The control group of 11 patients used no topical antibiotics prior to surgery. Patients' surgical eye was swabbed within sixty days of surgery at the pre-operative appointment and again the morning of surgery prior to surgical prep.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The morning of surgery 100% of control patients and 52% of study patients (p=0.0097) had ocular surface bacterial growth. No patients had moxifloxacin resistant ocular surface bacteria prior to the start of the study. On the morning of surgery, 17% (3 patients) in the study group had moxifloxacin resistant ocular surface bacteria, compared to no patients in the control group (p=0.2579).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although short-course pre-operative antibiotics reduce ocular surface bacterial growth, they do not eradicate it in the majority of patients. This could explain why topical antibiotics are less effective than intracameral antibiotics. Further, pre-operative antibiotic use may induce antibiotic resistance and may negatively affect the capabilities of intracameral antibiotics in endophthalmitis prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 10","pages":"462-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Skin Limited IgA Vasculitis in an 84-Year-Old Female.","authors":"Nathan Stadem, Sara Ruter, Graison Sitenga","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IgA vasculitis is a small vessel vasculitis and while it represents the most common form of vasculitis in pediatric populations, it is rare in adults. This manuscript describes a case of skin limited IgA vasculitis in an 84-yearold Caucasian female. The patient presented for bilateral lower extremity rash that occurred roughly one month following a viral upper respiratory illness. Her rash initially began as small petechial macules around her ankles and progressed to large confluent ecchymoses with scattered petechiae and necrosis over the course of a month. The patient underwent extensive clinical and laboratory analysis for suspected vasculitis which revealed elevated serum IgA, moderate hematuria, pyuria, and an asymptomatic urinary tract infection on urinalysis, but had otherwise normal results on autoimmune testing. The patient underwent tissues biopsies of her bilateral lower extremity rashes which revealed pathology suggestive of leukocytoclastic vasculitis of dermal vessels. Nephrology evaluation revealed no acute renal pathologies and thus biopsy was deferred. Given the result of skin biopsies, elevated serum IgA, and previous viral prodrome, the diagnosis of IgA vasculitis was confirmed. The patient was treated with 40 mg prednisone daily which was tapered over 6 weeks. Following completion of her steroid taper the rashes appeared to be healing well with only residual erythema and no signs of recurrent or worsening purpura. She continues to follow with her medical specialist for potential systemic involvement, which currently remains negative.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 10","pages":"454-457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of Immobilization Induced Hypercalcemia in the Outpatient Setting - A Case Report.","authors":"Andrew L Guymon, Jamie Schaeffer, Sonalika Khachikian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immobilization induced hypercalcemia is an uncommon and serious disorder that requires a thorough evaluation to exclude more common causes of an elevated calcium. Although the pathogenesis is not clearly illuminated, immobilization results in an uncoupling between osteogenic and osteoclastic factors that maintain bone homeostasis. When calcemic bone resorption overwhelms urinary calcium excretion, blood hypercalcemia ensues. Immediate management is similar to other hypercalcemic treatments, while definitive resolution may require bisphosphonates, denosumab, and mobilization. An asymptomatic presentation and other alterations of calcium homeostasis may complicate immobilization induced hypercalcemia. Because of the severe nature of the inciting events surrounding patient immobilization, immobilization induced hypercalcemia is rarely diagnosed in the outpatient setting. However, as seen in our case, outpatient diagnosis may still occur. We highlight the keen awareness and high index of suspicion that primary care providers should maintain to best serve our patients. We report a unique case of immobilization induced hypercalcemia, preceded by traumatic hypocalcemia, that developed and was first evaluated in the outpatient setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 10","pages":"446-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancement in the Treatment of Recurrent Pericarditis: Exploring Innovative Therapeutic Options.","authors":"Hammad S Chaudhry, Dawood Shehzad, Mustafa Shehzad, Wahab Jahangir Khan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute pericarditis, the predominant pericardial disease, often lacks a clear etiology, with 15-30% of patients experiencing recurrence, rising to 20-50% in those with prior relapses. Autoimmune mechanisms significantly contribute to recurrence, with interleukin-1 identified as a pivotal inflammatory mediator. While NSAIDs, colchicine, and steroids remain staples for acute cases, the spotlight in recurrent pericarditis management has shifted toward immunosuppressive medications. Pericardiectomy serves as the ultimate resort. Notably, rilonacept emerges as a key player, specifically addressing cases resistant to colchicine and dependent on corticosteroids in recurrent pericarditis.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 10","pages":"471-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Current Treatment Options for Stage III and Stage IV Metastatic Melanoma.","authors":"Brianne K Haskell Hanisch, Marcus L Frohm","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of melanoma has increased for decades, and while surgical treatment of early stage disease is often curative, metastatic disease continues to have significant morbidity and mortality and carries a high associated health burden and economic cost. An expanding number of dermatologists are playing a key role in coordinating the care of patients with advanced melanoma, including in the setting of multidisciplinary melanoma clinics, many of which are anchored in dermatology departments. Advances in the understanding of the genetic and immunoregulatory aspects of melanoma development and progression have yielded a wave of novel therapeutics that has made significant impact on the approach to patients with metastatic disease. Frequently updated management guidelines and unfamiliarity with approved adjuvant treatment options can act as a roadblock for dermatologists seeking to effectively coordinate care and establish goals for treatment in patients with stage II/III and IV disease. This review paper discusses current knowledge of therapy options, including immunotherapy, targeted therapies, radiation therapy, intralesional therapy, and chemotherapy specific for stage III and IV melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 10","pages":"466-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Quality and Kidney Health in Farming Communities.","authors":"Thabuna Sivaprakasam, Shaopeng Gu, Mohammad Z Qamar, Russell A Wilke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the turn of the century, there has been an increase in the frequency of chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities. This is particularly evident in young farm workers from equatorial regions, where the prevalence of chronic kidney disease cannot be explained by classical risk determinants or exposure to heat stress alone. Potentially causal agents have included organic and inorganic drinking water contaminants. This review explores geographic variability in exposure to these drinking water contaminants, with an emphasis on understanding their role in kidney injury in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 10","pages":"438-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Scholars' Research Symposium Abstract: Education on the Understanding of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Vulnerable Undergraduate Population.","authors":"Henry Wei","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;With the introduction of increasingly powerful audio equipment and increase of personal mobile audio devices in the 21st century, the prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in young adults is expected to increase. This increase, estimated to impact 30 million adults in the next four decades, is due in part to recreational exposure. While many young adults have a general understanding of NIHL, a detailed education on various topics of NIHL could further promote adherence to the use of preventive measures. This project therefore involved gauging understanding of NIHL and providing in depth education on various topics of NIHL geared to an undergraduate population at 3 universities located in South Dakota.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The project was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of South Dakota. A 45-minute PowerPoint presentation was developed and presented about NIHL. The following 5-topic areas were discussed: pathophysiology of hearing loss, healthcare impacts, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines on noise exposure, adherence to OSHA guidelines in recreational spaces, and preventive measures, to include decibel meters and earplugs. A pre-presentation survey was given to score students' baseline knowledge in each of the topic areas covered, followed by a post-presentation survey to score knowledge gained. A one-tailed paired t-test was performed to evaluate the changes from pre- to post surveys. In addition to the education, decibel meter mobile applications were introduced, and 120 high-fidelity earplugs were donated at the sites of presentation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;PowerPoint presentations and pre- post-surveys were given during the recital hour, a required course, to 120 students enrolled in music degree programs at 3 universities in South Dakota. Comparison of all the pre- to post-survey responder scores showed a statistically significant change in the students' confidence in their knowledge for all 5-topic areas discussed. There was also statistically significant change in knowledge confidence in all 5-topic areas between responder groups who were already using preventive measures compared to those who were not using preventive measures at the time of testing. For example, the knowledge confidence to wear preventive measures notably increased nearly threefold, 1.68 to 4.26 amongst those who were not using preventive measures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This project demonstrated that young adults with a current knowledge of NIHL still gained additional insight through this presentation. While there was a significant change in knowledge confidence in each category in the total responders, the project also demonstrated that amongst current users of preventive measures, there was statistically significant change in knowledge confidence as well. Students also indicated, through the surveys, that they are more likely t","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 9","pages":"411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Dawood Shehzad, Muhammad Hasan, Naveen Rajpurohit","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SGLT2 inhibitors have emerged as a remarkable class of drugs, revolutionizing the management of various medical conditions beyond their initial purpose of controlling diabetes. With their proven benefits in cardiovascular health, kidney disease, hypertension, and even potential applications in cancer treatment, SGLT2 inhibitors have broadened their scope. While concerns about adverse effects and contraindications exist, these medications hold great promise for a diverse range of patients. Moreover, as generic alternatives become more accessible and affordable, the potential benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors are poised to reach a wider audience, making them a significant player in modern healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 9","pages":"422-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}