Clinical Microbiology Newsletter最新文献_第6页

Clinical utility and interpretive guidance for SARS-CoV-2 serological testing SARS-CoV-2血清学检测的临床应用及解释性指导

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.001

Muhammad Morshed , Agatha Jassem , Danielle Luk , Alexander Cheong , Mel Krajden , Inna Sekirov

{"title":"Clinical utility and interpretive guidance for SARS-CoV-2 serological testing","authors":"Muhammad Morshed , Agatha Jassem , Danielle Luk , Alexander Cheong , Mel Krajden , Inna Sekirov","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in Wuhan, China, in 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide. Over 750 million people were infected and close to 7 million were killed from 2019 to July 2023 according to the World Health Organization. Early in the pandemic, it was suggested that </span>serological tests<span><span> can confirm atypical or remote cases and assist in clinical diagnosis when molecular testing was limited. Although clinical uses of serological testing are limited, testing remains useful to: 1) assess and differentiate vaccine from infection related immune responses (when whole cell </span>killed vaccines<span> are not used), 2) enable population-level vaccination/infection and/or hybrid immune response surveillance, 3) understand at the population-level how serological markers correlate with the subsequent risk of infection based on the vaccine product used and the circulating variant, and 4) understand how different types of immunosuppression<span> or other clinical factors impact the immune response. Seroprevalence<span> assessments for infection/vaccination and hybrid immunity was helpful to assist in early phase pandemic modeling and when integrated with vaccine status and epidemiological outcomes enabled assessment of near- and long-term vaccine efficacy. This article will provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 immunity over time, serology testing technologies, and appropriate SARS-CoV-2 serology test utilization and interpretation.</span></span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 24","pages":"Pages 209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143272011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Communication is the bridge between confusion and clarity: Microbiology science communication 沟通是混乱与清晰之间的桥梁：微生物学科学沟通

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.003

Andrea M. Prinzi , Erin Garcia de Jesús , Richard E. Davis

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Laboratory Diagnosis of Adenoviral Infections in Transplant Recipients 移植受者腺病毒感染的实验室诊断

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.003

Joshua D. Shirley Ph.D., Joseph D. Yao M.D.

{"title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of Adenoviral Infections in Transplant Recipients","authors":"Joshua D. Shirley Ph.D., Joseph D. Yao M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Adenovirus (AdV) is a common cause of mild respiratory tract and </span>gastrointestinal tract infections<span><span><span><span><span> in immunocompetent children and adults. Among hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) and solid organ </span>transplant (SOT) recipients, such infections can be severe and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of </span>AdV infections in immunocompromised individuals varies according to the degree of </span>immunosuppression<span> and age, with such infection due to either primary infections or reactivation of </span></span>latent virus<span><span><span>. Diagnosis of AdV is frequently made using molecular test methods, mainly qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Qualitative-PCR assays provide a presumptive diagnosis of AdV infections, while serial quantitative-PCR assay results provide clinical specificity in determining the significance of AdV detection in </span>immunocompromised patients. Since AdV can be detected in various clinical specimens obtained from asymptomatic individuals, clinical correlation of positive AdV DNA test results is essential for clinical management of </span>HSCT and SOT recipients.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 22","pages":"Pages 189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143240057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A special invitation to authors 对作者的特别邀请

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.002

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Histopathology of Infectious Diseases: a Practical Approach to Slide Examination and Interpretation: Part II of II 传染病的组织病理学：切片检查和解释的实用方法：第二部分

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.001

Rebecca M. Marrero Rolon M.D.

{"title":"Histopathology of Infectious Diseases: a Practical Approach to Slide Examination and Interpretation: Part II of II","authors":"Rebecca M. Marrero Rolon M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The definitive diagnosis of infections requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates clinical assessment, imaging studies, and microbiologic studies. Histopathology<span><span> and cytopathology<span><span><span><span> are well-recognized diagnostic modalities that allow visualization, not only of infectious agents, but of the host response to an infection. These preparations allow rapid and direct examination of patient specimens and can help establish a diagnosis of infection and guide patient management. Anatomic pathologists and microbiologists play an important role in the </span>interpretation of findings in histopathology and cytopathology, and their collaborations can enhance the utility of these diagnostic tools. Identification of unique morphologic features of infectious agents in tissue and other patient specimens and understanding the </span>pathophysiology<span> of infections and the tissue reaction they elicit are important skills. Familiarity with available ancillary stains and tests that can be employed for tissue and specimen examination is also important for a complete diagnostic evaluation. Part II of this two-part article covers fungal infections, </span></span>viral infections, and </span></span>parasitic infections.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 21","pages":"Pages 177-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143290848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Histopathology of Infectious Diseases: a Practical Approach to Slide Examination and Interpretation: Part I of II 传染病的组织病理学：切片检查和解释的实用方法：第二部分之一

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter Pub Date : 2023-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.12.001

Rebecca M. Marrero Rolon M.D.

{"title":"Histopathology of Infectious Diseases: a Practical Approach to Slide Examination and Interpretation: Part I of II","authors":"Rebecca M. Marrero Rolon M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The definitive diagnosis of infections requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates clinical assessment, imaging studies, and microbiologic studies. Histopathology<span> and cytopathology<span><span><span> are well-recognized diagnostic modalities that allow visualization, not only of infectious agents, but of the host response to an infection. These preparations allow rapid and direct examination of patient specimens and can help establish a diagnosis of infection and guide patient management. Anatomic pathologists and microbiologists play an important role in the </span>interpretation of findings in histopathology and cytopathology, and their collaborations can enhance the utility of these diagnostic tools. Identification of unique morphologic features of infectious agents in tissue and other patient specimens and understanding the </span>pathophysiology of infections and the tissue reaction they elicit are important skills. Familiarity with available ancillary stains and tests that can be employed for tissue and specimen examination is also important for a complete diagnostic evaluation. Part I of this two-part article provides and overview of the approach to examination of histopathologic and cytopathologic sections, and bacterial infections.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 20","pages":"Pages 167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143222986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Day in the Life of a Medical Microbiology Fellow: Four Perspectives 医学微生物学研究员的一天:四个视角

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.11.001

Jennifer D. Bowling Ph.D., MLS(ASCP)CM , Hannah K. Gray Ph.D., M(ASCP)CM , Esther Vaugon M.D. , Lucas J. Osborn Ph.D., MLS(ASCP)CM

{"title":"A Day in the Life of a Medical Microbiology Fellow: Four Perspectives","authors":"Jennifer D. Bowling Ph.D., MLS(ASCP)CM , Hannah K. Gray Ph.D., M(ASCP)CM , Esther Vaugon M.D. , Lucas J. Osborn Ph.D., MLS(ASCP)CM","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Medical microbiology<span> is a dynamic science essential to the clinical diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. Medical microbiologists serve as content experts in bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites as they pertain to human infections. There are several different paths one may take to become the director of a medical microbiology laboratory, the most common of which are enrollment in an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-approved fellowship for applicants with medical degrees or an American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Subcommittee on Post-Graduate Education Programs (CPEP) fellowship for those with a Ph.D., M.D., Sc.D., D.O. and Dr. P.H. Upon completion of either track, fellows are eligible to sit for the American Board of Medical Microbiology (ABMM) examination. Additional eligibility tracks are available for equivalent training experiences in Canada and also through non-fellowship medical microbiology experience.</span></p><p>A day in the life of a medical microbiology fellow can vary drastically but can typically be summarized by three primary responsibilities in descending order of effort: clinical service, research, and teaching. A medical microbiology fellowship represents an opportunity to acquire new knowledge, apply what you have learned, and develop the skills necessary to direct a laboratory. While all fellowship programs lead to eligibility for the ABMM examination, certain aspects are unique to the training experience at each program. Here, we present the distinct perspectives of four current medical microbiology fellows, highlighting the common themes and diversity of experiences leading up to and during fellowship.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 19","pages":"Pages 159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138471745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Echinococcus multilocularis and Alveolar Echinococcosis: Should We Be Concerned? 多房棘球蚴病和肺泡棘球蚴病：我们应该关注吗？

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.10.001

Kinga T. Kowalewska-Grochowska M.D., FRCP(C)

{"title":"Echinococcus multilocularis and Alveolar Echinococcosis: Should We Be Concerned?","authors":"Kinga T. Kowalewska-Grochowska M.D., FRCP(C)","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Alveolar echinococcosis<span> (AE) is a life-threatening zoonotic infection caused by </span></span><span><span>Echinococcus multilocularis</span></span><span><span><span>, an intestinal cestode<span> of carnivorous animals (mostly canids). Its life cycle<span> includes an adult stage in the intestines of carnivores and a larval stage (metacestode) in tissues of herbivores or omnivores<span>. Humans are accidental/aberrant hosts and harbor the metacestode only. The disease presents as a continuously growing tumor-like liver mass with local or metastatic spread to distant organs, with mortality approaching 90% if untreated or partially treated. Diagnosis is based on characteristic imaging, </span></span></span></span>serology and </span>histopathology<span>, and confirmation by nucleic acid amplification test. The geographical distribution of </span></span><em>E. multilocularis</em><span> covers most of the northern hemisphere, with human cases in Europe, Japan, Central Asia, and now North America. The recent establishment of a new parasite<span> strain that is pathogenic to humans in Canada and the United States poses an emerging medical and public health threat and warrants a reassessment of our approach to this parasite.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 18","pages":"Pages 151-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143212136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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A Special Invitation to Authors 对作者的特别邀请

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.10.002

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Chagas Disease: a Review and Perspective on Laboratory Diagnostics in the United States 查加斯病：美国实验室诊断的回顾与展望

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.09.001

Jeffrey D. Whitman

{"title":"Chagas Disease: a Review and Perspective on Laboratory Diagnostics in the United States","authors":"Jeffrey D. Whitman","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chagas disease is a chronic infection by the protozoan parasite <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em>. The epidemiology of the disease results from the distribution of its arthropod vector, the triatomine bug, throughout Latin America and the southern United States, as well as migration of chronically infected individuals worldwide. In mammals, the parasite cycles through an extracellular infective form and an intracellular replicative form with tropism for cardiac and gastrointestinal (GI) tissues. Over decades, the low-grade inflammatory response can lead to cardiomyopathy and GI dysmotility disorders. This natural history necessitates presentation-dependent diagnostic approaches for clinical workup and risk-based screening, as well as blood donor and organ transplant screening. Implementing effective Chagas disease testing in the U.S. is an increasing topic of interest but is hindered by low provider awareness, few FDA-cleared assays, and limited laboratory capacity for multi-step confirmatory testing. This article provides a clinically focused review of Chagas disease, outlines the current status of clinical testing in the U.S., and reports on new innovations in diagnostics and research that may impact the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 17","pages":"Pages 141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49750033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0