Synthesiology最新文献_第4页

Measurement of mass of aerosol particles 测量气溶胶粒子的质量

Synthesiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5571/synth.12.2_92

K. Ehara, C. Hagwood, K. Coakley, N. Fukushima, K. Worachotekamjorn, Naoko Tajima, H. Sakurai

{"title":"Measurement of mass of aerosol particles","authors":"K. Ehara, C. Hagwood, K. Coakley, N. Fukushima, K. Worachotekamjorn, Naoko Tajima, H. Sakurai","doi":"10.5571/synth.12.2_92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/synth.12.2_92","url":null,"abstract":"properties of the aerosol particles is needed. [1] Among these properties, particle size (particle diameter, if the particle in question is spherical) is an especially important quantity to be measured, because it significantly affects many of the aerosol-related phenomena. Aerosol particles are, however, often non-spherical, and a geometric diameter cannot be defined unequivocally for them; instead, several kinds of effective diameters are defined and measured. On the other hand, particle mass is a quantity inherent to each individual particle: it is uniquely defined even for a non-spherical particle. It is a direct measure of the amount of substance contained in an individual particle, and has crucial effects on particle motion and other physical phenomena; hence it should be no less important than the particle size. Until recently, however, there has been no established method for An aerosol particle mass analyzer (APM) which classifies aerosol particles according to their mass has been developed. Mass distributions of aerosol particles are measured by the APM combined with a particle counting device. Particle masses can be measured in the range 3 × 10 -18 g to 2 × 10 -12 g, which partially fills the mass range that has not been covered by existing mass measuring instruments such as mass spectrometers and conventional balances. The invention of the APM has led to a variety of new techniques for evaluating aerosol particle properties such as effective density, material density, porosity, fractal dimension, and mass concentration of suspended particulates, among others. This article describes the principle of the APM, its features differentiating it from other instruments for classifying aerosol particles, and its applications to characterization of aerosol particles. The significance of measurement of particle mass in aerosol science, and the historical process that has led to commercialization of the APM are also described from the viewpoint of “synthesiology.”","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70687032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Highlights of the Papers in Synthesiology 合成学论文综述

Synthesiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5571/syntheng.9.1_i

Editorial Board Synthesiology

引用次数: 0

Materials recycling technology for recovering rare earth fluorescent powder from fluorescent lamp sludge: — Pioneering near-future resource circulation — 从荧光灯污泥中回收稀土荧光粉的材料回收技术——开创未来资源循环

Synthesiology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5571/SYNTHENG.11.1_34_47

T. Oki, T. Akai, M. Yamashita

{"title":"Materials recycling technology for recovering rare earth fluorescent powder from fluorescent lamp sludge: — Pioneering near-future resource circulation —","authors":"T. Oki, T. Akai, M. Yamashita","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.11.1_34_47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.11.1_34_47","url":null,"abstract":"−33− Synthesiology Vol.11 No.1 pp.33–45(Mar. 2018) 1 はじめに我が国は金属資源の大部分を輸入に依存している。特にハイテク機器の製造に欠かせないレアメタルは世界最大の輸入国であり、レアメタル資源の輸入によって製造業が成立しているといっても良い。レアメタル供給の問題は、多くが副産物で生産コントロールが難しい点、消費量が少ないため寡占状態になりやすく、国際情勢に左右されやすい点にある。ゆっくりと枯渇に向かうベースメタルに比べ、産出国事情等人為的要素に影響されやすいレアメタルは、いつ、どの金属の供給が滞るかを予測することが難しい。レアメタルの 1 種であるレアアース(17 元素)は、中国が市場を独占している。対日禁輸政策やその後の輸出量制限により、一時的だが、国内産業が大きな打撃を被った「レアアース危機」は記憶に新しい。レアアース資源は、アメリカ、オーストラリア等世界中に存在し、我が国の排他的経済水域(EEZ)内の海底下にも堆積していることは近年話題にもなった。中国が現在の市場獲得に至った理由は、極めて有力な鉱山を有しているためである。一つは他のレアアース鉱山に見られる放射性不純物をほとんど含まないこと。このため、簡易な資源処理で生産が可能である。もう一つは、磁石や蛍光材料として利用されるディスプロシウムやテルビウム等、重レアアースに富んでいることである。特に低炭素化に向けた世界的な動きの中、高性能モーター等の製造に必要な重レアアース資源は、注目度が高い。この研究は、レアアース危機が本格化する前に端を発する。2005 年頃、価格が徐々に上昇してきたことから、手付かずの国内都市鉱山資源が俄かに注目されてきた。著者は、その頃より、磁石やコンデンサ等の物理選別技術開発大木達也、赤井智子、山下勝 2","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"33-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5571/SYNTHENG.11.1_34_47","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70688730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Toward overcoming neurodegenerative disease by the circadian molecular clock study: — My 30 year history in a national institute —@@@— 国立研究所30年の総括 — 通过昼夜节律分子钟研究来克服神经退行性疾病:-我在国家研究所的30年历史- @@@ -

Synthesiology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.2_88

N. Ishida

{"title":"Toward overcoming neurodegenerative disease by the circadian molecular clock study: — My 30 year history in a national institute —@@@— 国立研究所30年の総括 —","authors":"N. Ishida","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.2_88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.2_88","url":null,"abstract":"The mammalian clock gene, Period2 , was discovered by my research group studying clock genes in 1998. I summarize the progress of understanding the circadian clock molecular mechanism after this discovery. Our group has demonstrated the importance of glycogen synthase kinase 3 – dependent phosphorylation of Period2 and its nuclear transfer and E4BP4 (vrille) negative transcriptional regulation, as well as Clock/Bmal, Period/Cry E-box dependent negative feedback loop. A role of myo-inositol for elongation of the circadian clock was uncovered through collaboration on iceplant projects with Tsujiko Co., Ltd, Shiga prefecture. When we started the molecular study of the circadian clock, we only considered the daily rhythm. Fortuitously, our research on the peripheral clock mechanism (PPARα) revealed a new mechanism of seasonal clocks, which can count photoperiods to adapt to winter (torpor). Our generation of researchers entered Japanese national institutes during a period called “the basic research shift era.” But, basic research grants were cut significantly during the 24 to 25 year period after we joined the institutes, and our research mission was abruptly changed to applied science. After several years of frustration and contemplation, we gave up studies using mice and concentrated on using Drosophila to reduce costs and save time. Consequently, we found a causative role of sleep abnormality around a young age in two neurodegenerative (Gaucher’s and Parkinson’s) diseases by using fly models. I summarize an application for the molecular mechanism of neurodegenerative disease. I am greatly thankful that I was able to spend more than 30 years on the study of molecular circadian clocks with the people who have been involved, from when I started as a researcher in 1986 at the Fermentation Research Institute of the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology to the present day at AIST. sleep, Neurodegenerative disease, Gaucher’s disease, Parkinson’s disease","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"87-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70688727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

糸引きの少ない納豆「豆乃香」の開発开发拉丝少的纳豆“豆乃香”

Synthesiology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5571/SYNTHENG.11.1_1

雄司久保, 力夫中川

引用次数: 1

Establishing reliability in vibration measurement and its international equivalency: —Development of national metrology standards for vibration, acceleration, shock measurement and progress on international comparisons— 建立振动测量的可靠性及其国际等效性:-制定振动、加速度、冲击测量的国家计量标准和国际比较的进展-

Synthesiology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.2_47

T. Usuda, A. Oota, H. Nozato, W. Kokuyama

引用次数: 0

High performance thermoelectrics for power generation using earth-abundant and low toxicity elements: —Toward developing an innovative waste heat recovery system— 高性能热电发电利用地球丰富和低毒性元素:-开发创新的废热回收系统-

Synthesiology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.2_62

M. Ohta

{"title":"High performance thermoelectrics for power generation using earth-abundant and low toxicity elements: —Toward developing an innovative waste heat recovery system—","authors":"M. Ohta","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.2_62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.2_62","url":null,"abstract":"−63− Synthesiology Vol.10 No.2 pp.63–74(Sep. 2017) 1 はじめに普段の生活ではあまり意識されないかもしれないが、注意して我々の身の回りを見てみると、自動車、工場、パソコン等から、膨大な廃熱が利用されずに棄てられていることに気が付く。米国ローレンス・リバモア国立研究所がまとめた 2016 年の推定によると、米国において、一次エネルギーの中で有効活用されているのはわずか 30.8 % であり、実に 66.4 % が活用されずに棄てられている。エネルギーの最終形態は熱であるので、すなわち、このほとんどが未利用熱である。日本には少し古い推定しかないが、状況は米国と類似しており、1998 年において、未利用熱は一次エネルギーの 66 % に達している。エネルギー白書を見てみると、1998 年における日本国内の一次エネルギーの供給量は 18 ×10 J であるので、未利用熱は 12 ×10 Jと膨大な量になる。人類はエネルギーを有効活用できていない。我々が直面しているさまざまなエネルギー・環境問題を解決するための一つの戦略がこの未利用熱の有効活用であり、その実現の鍵を握る技術がこの論文で取り扱う熱電発電 1 である。熱電発電を用いることで、膨大な未利用熱を利用価値の高い電気エネルギーとして活用できる。一般には聞きなれない熱電発電という技術は、これまで宇宙開発の中で使用されて発展してきた。1950 年代の宇宙開発の黎明期から現在に至るまで、熱電発電は太陽光の届かない領域を探索する宇宙船等で、放射性同位体の崩壊熱を熱源とした重要な電源として用いられている。失敗の許されない宇宙開発において長年使用されてきたという事実は、熱電発電が高い信頼性を有する技術であることを証明している。近年、この熱電発電を、エネルギー・環境問題が深刻化する中で、民生分野でも利用しようとする試みが本格化している。例えば、12 % の発電効率を示太田道広","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"62-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.2_62","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a cell microarray chip system for early and accurate malaria diagnosis: — Finding one parasite in 2 million erythrocytes for elimination of malaria —@@@— 200万分の1の感染を見出しマラリアに立ち向かう — 开发用于早期和准确诊断疟疾的细胞微阵列芯片系统:-在200万个红细胞中发现一种寄生虫，以消除疟疾- @@@ - 200千兆位

Synthesiology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.1_34

Muneaki Hashimoto, S. Yatsushiro, Shohei Yamamura, M. Kataoka

{"title":"Development of a cell microarray chip system for early and accurate malaria diagnosis: — Finding one parasite in 2 million erythrocytes for elimination of malaria —@@@— 200万分の1の感染を見出しマラリアに立ち向かう —","authors":"Muneaki Hashimoto, S. Yatsushiro, Shohei Yamamura, M. Kataoka","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.1_34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.1_34","url":null,"abstract":"−34− Synthesiology English edition Vol.10 No.1 pp.34–41 (Jul. 2017) detection limit of RDT is equivalent to the analysis of Giemsa microscopy, and incidences of false-positives and falsenegatives are common. Therefore, it is used as a preliminary screening method prior to the definitive diagnosis by the Giemsa microscopy. It is not possible to calculate the infection rate with RDT (i.e. diagnosis of infection only), and this is one of the disadvantages. Recently, new diagnostic methods utilizing the flow cytometer and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed, but the sensitivity is insufficient for early diagnosis, and several hours are required before the results are obtained, respectively. To prevent infection by early detection of malaria, development of a new diagnostic method with high sensitivity, accuracy, quickness, and easy operation is demanded. The characteristics of each diagnostic method are shown in Table 1.","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.1_34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Standardization of dimethyl ether (DME) fuel specifications 二甲醚(DME)燃料规范标准化

Synthesiology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.1_11

M. Oguma

引用次数: 0

A study on high-density recording with particulate tape media for data storage systems: — On the process of introducing barium-ferrite tape media to the market —@@@— バリウムフェライトテープの市場導入までの道のり — 研究高密度记录与微粒磁带媒体数据存储系统:——的过程中引入钡铁氧体磁带媒体市场-@@@——バリウムフェライトテープの市場導入までの道のり-

Synthesiology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5571/SYNTHENG.10.1_24

T. Harasawa, H. Noguchi

引用次数: 1