East Asian Archives of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Associations Between Suicidal Behaviour, Attitudes Towards Suicide, and Psychological Distress Among Students in a University in East Malaysia.","authors":"M N S B Kamaruddin, N A B Hashim, S B Mohamed, Z I B Azhari","doi":"10.12809/eaap2342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicidal behaviour can be influenced by attitudes towards suicide and psychological distress. This study aimed to investigate the associations between psychological distress, attitudes towards suicide, and suicidal behaviour and to determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students of a public university in East Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 521 students from a public university in East Malaysia were asked to complete the Malay versions of the Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), the Attitudes Towards Suicide Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>197 women and 290 men (mean age, 19.13 years) completed the questionnaires, giving a response rate of 93.4%. The prevalence of high-risk suicidal behaviour (SBQ-R score ≥7) was 23.8%. Suicidal behaviour was positively associated with psychological distress and favourable attitudes towards suicide, and negatively associated with unfavourable attitudes towards suicide. Predictors for suicidal behaviour were psychological distress and favourable attitudes towards suicide ('the ability to understand and accept suicide').</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of suicidal behaviour is high among students in a public university in East Malaysia. Services and education for mental health awareness and screening for early detection and intervention of psychological distress should be provided to university students. Implementation of suicide awareness policies and suicide prevention training is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"33 4","pages":"114-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Fear of Self Questionnaire.","authors":"S Masoumian,&nbsp;F Abdoli,&nbsp;S A Gozaz,&nbsp;A R Farani,&nbsp;M Z Moghadam","doi":"10.12809/eaap2314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the 20-item Fear of Self Questionnaire (FSQ) in Iranian samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, descriptive survey design was used. Students in universities of Tehran were invited to participate. Participants were asked to complete the Persian versions of the FSQ, Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Ego Strength Scale (ESS), and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RES). Face, content, and construct validity, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and test-retest reliability of the FSQ were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Face and content validity of the FSQ were confirmed. Analysis of the principal components using the inclined rotation method showed that there were two factors with an eigenvalue >1, which explained 80.5% of the total variance. The first factor had 12 items and the second factor had 8 items. The internal consistency was 0.975, 0.981, and 0.941 for the total score and the first and second factor, respectively, whereas the test-retest reliability was 0.732, 0.729, and 0.714, respectively (all p ≤ 0.01). For convergent validity of the FSQ, correlations of the total score and the two factors of the FSQ with the scores of VOCI, RES, ESS, and DASS-21 were all significant (p ≤ 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The FSQ can be used in Iranian samples for clinical practice and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"33 3","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urbanisation and Declining Suicide Rates in China Between 2005 and 2017.","authors":"P Harford,&nbsp;M Agaciak,&nbsp;J C L Looi,&nbsp;D Smith,&nbsp;S Allison,&nbsp;S K W Chan,&nbsp;T Bastiampillai","doi":"10.12809/eaap2326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Worldwide suicide rates have declined since 2000s, with China being the primary contributor. This study aimed to investigate whether urbanisation is associated with decreasing suicide rates in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Suicide rates and economic indicators of 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China between 2005 and 2017 were analysed. Poisson random intercept models were used to determine associations between suicide rates, urbanicity, sexes, and gross regional product (GRP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2005 and 2017, suicide rates in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China continued to decrease. Urbanicity and GRP were associated with decreased suicide rates among Chinese males and females. An increase in urbanicity by 1% was associated with a 2.2% decrease in suicide rates (p < 0.001). The most urbanised and populous cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin) had the lowest suicide rates. Urbanicity was associated with a greater decline in suicide rates among females, compared with males. Association between increased urbanicity and reduced suicide rates was independent of GRP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urbanisation was associated with declining suicide rates in China; this association was stronger among females than males.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"33 3","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41152352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical Presentations of Childhood Simple Partial Seizures: a Case Series.","authors":"R Saha,&nbsp;A Yadav,&nbsp;P Verma,&nbsp;M K Srivastava","doi":"10.12809/eaap2306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood epilepsy can masquerade as a variety of psychiatric disorders or behavioural abnormalities. Differentiating between simple partial seizure and psychiatric disorders remains a challenge. We report on three children with simple partial seizure, each presented atypically with migraine, tingling sensations, and/or crying spells. When dealing with atypical symptomatology, clinicians should utilise a multidirectional, rather than unidirectional, diagnostic approach when making their diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"33 3","pages":"95-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41152351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosis Unmasking a Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a Case Report.","authors":"S Kumari,&nbsp;S Nath,&nbsp;V L Narasimha,&nbsp;M Sarkar,&nbsp;R Kumar","doi":"10.12809/eaap2316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that affects multiple organs. Neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) can manifest with a multitude of neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Psychosis is a rare NPSLE manifestation that can occur at any phase of the illness; 21% of SLE-related psychosis cases occur at the onset of SLE, but the evidence base for this is lacking. We report a case of acute-onset psychosis in a woman that led to a diagnosis of SLE, which was substantiated by physical evaluation and laboratory assessments. Assessment of acute-onset psychosis requires consideration of all differential diagnoses, especially in the presence of atypical features. This case also underscores the importance of physical examination and laboratory investigations in psychosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"33 3","pages":"100-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41132719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reward System in Late-Life Depression: a Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study.","authors":"J S T Ngan,&nbsp;W C Chan,&nbsp;S T Wong,&nbsp;C S M Wong,&nbsp;C P W Cheng","doi":"10.12809/eaap2309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Anhedonia, commonly defined as a reduced ability to feel pleasure, is a core clinical symptom of late-life depression (LLD). Deficits in reward processing are hypothesised to be associated with anhedonia. We examined differences in reward sensitivity between patients with LLD and healthy controls and explored the associations between LLD-related symptomatology, global cognition, and the reward system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The reward responsiveness of 63 patients with LLD and 58 healthy controls aged ≥60 years was assessed using the probabilistic reward learning task with an asymmetric reward schedule.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with healthy controls, patients with LLD displayed lower response bias and reward learning. Global cognition of all participants was positively correlated with response bias. In patients with LLD, anhedonia severity explained impaired reward learning.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A deficit in reward processing is implicated in patients with LLD. Our findings suggest that executive dysfunction and anhedonia contribute to lower sensitivity to reward learning in patients with LLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"33 2","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9750873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Community Treatment Orders Needed to Improve Community Mental Healthcare for People with Mental Illnesses?","authors":"S K W Chan,&nbsp;D Cheung","doi":"10.12809/eaap2332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"33 2","pages":"35-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9861873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Community Treatment Orders on Mental Health Service Usage, Emergency Visits, and Violence: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"E H Y Lam, E S K Lai, E C L Lai, E Lau, B W M Siu, D Y Y Tang, C C M Mok, M Lam","doi":"10.12809/eaap2246","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap2246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Community treatment orders (CTOs) enable patients to actively engage in mental health services while being supervised in the community outside the hospital setting. However, the efficacy of CTOs remains controversial in terms of mental health services usage or service contacts, emergency visits, and violence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The databases PsychINFO, Embase, and Medline were searched on 11 March 2022 by 2 independent reviewers through the Covidence website (www.covidence.org). Randomised or non-randomised case-control studies and pre-post studies were included if they examine the effect of CTOs on service contacts, emergency visits, and violence in individuals with mental illnesses by comparing with control groups or pre-CTO conditions. Conflicts were resolved by consultation of the third independent reviewer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies provided sufficient data in the target outcome measures and were included in analysis. Variability in the risk of bias was high among studies. Meta-analyses were conducted separately for case-control studies and pre-post studies. For service contacts, a total of 11 studies with 66,192 patients reported changes in the number of service contacts under CTOs. In 6 case-control studies, a small non-significant increase in service contacts was observed in those under CTOs (Hedge's g = 0.241, z = 1.535, p = 0.13). In 5 pre-post studies, a large and significant increase in service contacts was noted after CTOs (Hedge's g = 0.830, z = 5.056, p < 0.001). For emergency visits, a total of 6 studies with 930 patients reported changes in the number of emergency visits under CTOs. In 2 case-control studies, a small non-significant increase in emergency visits was noted in those under CTOs (Hedge's g = -0.196, z = -1.567, p = 0.117). In 4 pre-post studies, a small significant decrease in emergency visits was noted after CTOs (Hedge's g = 0.553, z = 3.101, p = 0.002). For violence, a total of 2 pre-post studies reported a moderate significant reduction in violence after CTOs (Hedge's g = 0.482, z = 5.173, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Case-control studies showed inconclusive evidence, but pre-post studies showed significant effects of CTOs in promoting service contacts and reducing emergency visits and violence. Future studies on cost-effectiveness analysis and qualitative analysis for specific populations with various cultures and backgrounds are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"33 2","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9853013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Psychosis Symptoms of Clozapine Withdrawal: a Systematic Review.","authors":"B Yee,&nbsp;J C L Looi,&nbsp;M Agaciak,&nbsp;S Allison,&nbsp;S K W Chan,&nbsp;T Bastiampillai","doi":"10.12809/eaap2261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Clozapine is a potent antipsychotic medication with a complex receptor profile. It is reserved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. We systematically reviewed studies of non-psychosis symptoms of clozapine withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched using the keywords 'clozapine,' and 'withdrawal,' or 'supersensitivity,' 'cessation,' 'rebound,' or 'discontinuation'. Studies related to non-psychosis symptoms after clozapine withdrawal were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five original studies and 63 case reports / series were included in analysis. In 195 patients included in the five original studies, approximately 20% experienced non-psychosis symptoms following discontinuation of clozapine. In 89 patients in four of the studies, 27 experienced cholinergic rebound, 13 exhibited extrapyramidal symptoms (including tardive dyskinesia), and three had catatonia. In 63 case reports / series included, 72 patients with non-psychosis symptoms were reported, which were catatonia (n=30), dystonia or dyskinesia (n=17), cholinergic rebound (n=11), serotonin syndrome (n=4), mania (n=3), insomnia (n=3), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) [n=3, one of them had both catatonia and NMS], and de novo obsessive compulsive symptoms (n=2). Restarting clozapine appeared to be the most effective treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Non-psychosis symptoms following clozapine withdrawal have important clinical implications. Clinicians should be aware of the possible presentations of symptoms to ensure early recognition and management. Further research is warranted to better characterise the prevalence, risk factors, prognosis, and optimal drug dosing for each withdrawal symptom.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"33 2","pages":"44-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9748969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of Vietnamese Versions of the Clinician-Rated and Self-Reported Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and the Patient Health Questionnaire.","authors":"H N Y Phi,&nbsp;B X Manh,&nbsp;T A Ngoc,&nbsp;P T M Chau,&nbsp;T Q Tho,&nbsp;N T Nghia,&nbsp;T T Nghia,&nbsp;H H N Quynh,&nbsp;N T Huy,&nbsp;N T Linh,&nbsp;P L An","doi":"10.12809/eaap2258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the second-most prevalent mental health condition in Vietnam. This study aims to validate the Vietnamese versions of the self-reported and clinician-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR and QIDS-C, respectively) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and to assess the correlations between the QIDS-SR, QIDS-C, and PHQ-9.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>506 participants with MDD (mean age, 46.3 years; 55.5% women) were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5. The internal consistency, diagnostic efficiency, and concurrent validity of the Vietnamese versions of QIDS-SR, QIDS-C, and PHQ-9 were determined using the Cronbach's alpha, receiver operating characteristic curve, and Pearson correlation coefficient, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Vietnamese versions of QIDS-SR, QIDS-C, and PHQ-9 demonstrated acceptable validity, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.901, 0.967, and 0.864, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 87.8% and 77.8% for QIDS-SR and 97.6% and 86.2% for QIDS-C at the cut-off score of 6, and were 82.9% and 70.1% for PHQ-9 at the cut-off score of 4. Cronbach's alphas for QIDS-SR, QIDS-C, and PHQ-9 were 0.709, 0.813, and 0.745, respectively. The PHQ-9 highly correlated with the QIDS-SR (r = 0.77, p < 0.001) and the QIDS-C (r = 0.75, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Vietnamese versions of the QIDS-SR, QIDS-C, and PHQ-9 are valid and reliable tools for screening of MDD in primary healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"33 2","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9781720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}