Thyroid Research最新文献

{"title":"Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in a Caucasian man without identifiable genetic predisposition: a case report.","authors":"Arne Heydorn,&nbsp;Birgitte Bertelsen,&nbsp;Rúna Louise Mortansdóttir Nolsöe,&nbsp;Pia Eiken,&nbsp;Peter Lommer Kristensen","doi":"10.1186/s13044-023-00152-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-023-00152-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare condition characterized by muscle paralysis, thyrotoxicosis, and hypokalemia. It presents with paralysis of both proximal and distal musculature in upper and lower limbs and may affect respiratory musculature and the cardiac conduction system. Early diagnosis is essential, as the condition is potentially reversible by oral or intravenous potassium treatment, leading to rapid resolution without lasting weakness. Overlooking the diagnosis may result in respiratory failure and cardiac arrhythmias including QT prolongation, Torsades de points, and ventricular arrhythmias.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 19-year-old Caucasian man was admitted acutely with paralysis in upper and lower limbs and tachycardia. Over several months, he had experienced anxiousness, sweating more than usual, had daily palpitations, shortness of breath on exertion, and loose stools, and had lost 21 kg over the last year. Initial blood gas showed very low potassium of 1.4 mM, and blood tests showed decreased Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) < 0.01 × 10^- 3 IU/L, elevated free thyroxine (fT4) of 63.5 pM (reference interval (RI): 12.0-22.0 pM), and elevated total triiodothyronine (T3) of 8.2 nM (RI: 1.0-2.6 nM). He was diagnosed with TPP and treated with liquid oral potassium chloride (30 mmol every 30 minutes) and propylthiouracil (initial dose of 400 mg followed by 200 mg three times daily). TSH-receptor antibodies (TRAB) and thyroid-peroxidase antibodies (TPO-ab) were highly elevated. Thyroid ultrasound showed a normal-sized gland and color Doppler sonography showed increased vascularity throughout the gland, compatible with Graves' disease. He was discharged on day 4 with a normal potassium level and followed in the outpatient clinic where he received standard care for Graves' disease. Genetic testing using whole-genome sequencing found no genetic variants in genes previously associated with TPP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TPP is very rare in Caucasians but more often affects young men in East Asian populations. The case presents a Caucasian man with TPP where genetic testing of CACNA1S, KCNJ18, SCN4A, KCNJ2, KCNE3, and ABCC8 shows no pathogenic variants in genes previously associated with TPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10150465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9767939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorectal cancer metastases in thyroid: case report and literature review.","authors":"Syed Mohammad Asim Hussain,&nbsp;Suzanne Cole,&nbsp;Iram Hussain","doi":"10.1186/s13044-023-00150-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-023-00150-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The thyroid gland is an uncommon site for metastatic deposits from non-thyroid malignancies, occurring in only 1.4 - 3% of surgical specimens where malignancy is suspected. It is even rarer for the source of thyroid metastases to be of colorectal origin. In most cases reported, colorectal metastases in the thyroid occurs many years later after the primary colorectal cancer has been diagnosed and treated. In this unique case, a primary sigmoid carcinoma metastasised to the thyroid gland and presented synchronously as a thyroid nodule.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe a case of a 64-year-old Caucasian woman who presented with clinical features of metastatic cancer of unknown origin. Her medical history included underlying hyperthyroidism. She had a large pelvic mass adjacent to the sigmoid colon, a left lower lobe lung mass and a suspicious nodule in the left thyroid lobe. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid nodule was performed, which remarkably showed malignant cells originating from primary colorectal cancer on immunohistochemical staining. The patient was managed with palliative chemotherapy given the poor prognosis due to disseminated colorectal malignancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Colorectal adenocarcinoma metastases can rarely present as a metastatic thyroid nodule. Fine-needle aspiration should be performed in suspicious thyroid nodules and may be the least invasive way of identifying a metastatic colorectal or other non-thyroidal malignancy in patients presenting with an unknown primary. The pathologist should be vigilant to this possibility and specific immunohistochemical markers should be used to ensure accurate diagnosis. In thyroid metastases, the prognosis is ultimately determined by the primary tumour but thyroidectomy still has a role in alleviating compressive symptoms and can potentially improve survival in selected cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10084646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9275948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related variation in thyroid function - a narrative review highlighting important implications for research and clinical practice.","authors":"Peter N Taylor,&nbsp;Andrew Lansdown,&nbsp;Justyna Witczak,&nbsp;Rahim Khan,&nbsp;Aled Rees,&nbsp;Colin M Dayan,&nbsp;Onyebuchi Okosieme","doi":"10.1186/s13044-023-00149-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-023-00149-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroid hormones are key determinants of health and well-being. Normal thyroid function is defined according to the standard 95% confidence interval of the disease-free population. Such standard laboratory reference intervals are widely applied in research and clinical practice, irrespective of age. However, thyroid hormones vary with age and current reference intervals may not be appropriate across all age groups. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on age-related variation in thyroid function and discuss important implications of such variation for research and clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Main text: </strong>There is now substantial evidence that normal thyroid status changes with age throughout the course of life. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations are higher at the extremes of life and show a U-shaped longitudinal trend in iodine sufficient Caucasian populations. Free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels fall with age and appear to play a role in pubertal development, during which it shows a strong relationship with fat mass. Furthermore, the aging process exerts differential effects on the health consequences of thyroid hormone variations. Older individuals with declining thyroid function appear to have survival advantages compared to individuals with normal or high-normal thyroid function. In contrast younger or middle-aged individuals with low-normal thyroid function suffer an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes while those with high-normal function have adverse bone outcomes including osteoporosis and fractures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thyroid hormone reference intervals have differential effects across age groups. Current reference ranges could potentially lead to inappropriate treatment in older individuals but on the other hand could result in missed opportunities for risk factor modification in the younger and middle-aged groups. Further studies are now needed to determine the validity of age-appropriate reference intervals and to understand the impact of thyroid hormone variations in younger individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10069079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9543704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy: a study of Danish clinical practice.","authors":"Line Cleman Hatting,&nbsp;Marie Østergaard Kristensen,&nbsp;Maja Hjelm Lundgaard,&nbsp;Anne Sørensen,&nbsp;Stine Linding Andersen","doi":"10.1186/s13044-023-00151-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-023-00151-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroid disease in pregnant women is a matter of clinical awareness, and current clinical guidelines recommend a risk-based screening strategy. This study aimed to evaluate current clinical practice regarding screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy in Denmark.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed in the North Denmark Region with consecutive inclusion of 150 pregnant women from Aalborg University Hospital each year in 2020 and 2021. Medical records were reviewed according to the recommended risk-based screening criteria for thyroid disease in pregnancy. Any measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was assessed 3 months prior to and in pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Altogether 292 pregnant women who received no current treatment for thyroid disease were included. A total of 81 (27.7%) had a measurement of TSH before or during the pregnancy, and 30 women (10.3%) in the early pregnancy specifically. One or more of the screening criteria for thyroid disease recommended in the Danish clinical practice guideline were fulfilled in 37 of the 81 women (45.7%) with thyroid function tested and among 41 of the 211 (19.4%) women who did not have thyroid function tested before or during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a Danish regional investigation, 1 in 4 women had their thyroid function tested in relation to a pregnancy. However, recommended risk-based screening criteria for thyroid disease in pregnancy were heterogeneously distributed. Results encourage considerations on the current practice for the screening of thyroid function in Danish pregnant women and inform the general debate.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10063953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9593879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative management of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma: a review of the active surveillance experience.","authors":"Anabella Smulever,&nbsp;Fabian Pitoia","doi":"10.1186/s13044-023-00148-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-023-00148-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The detection of low-risk thyroid carcinoma has increased in recent decades, although disease-specific mortality remained without changes. The high prevalence of occult carcinomas in autopsy studies, and hence the underlying indolent course of this entity, prompted the emergence of active surveillance as an alternative approach to these tumors. This strategy aims to recognize the minority group of patients who will develop clinical progression and probably benefit from deferred surgery. Experience around the world has shown that during active surveillance these tumors are mostly unchanged in size, with very-slow growth and even a decrease in diameter. Moreover, the rates of lymph node metastases were low and easily handled by rescue surgery, and distant metastases have not been reported. Given the high prevalence of small thyroid carcinomas and the excellent outcomes for observation, active surveillance provides a safe and feasible alternative in properly selected patients with low-risk thyroid cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10009928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9110463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted therapy with vemurafenib in BRAF(V600E)-mutated anaplastic thyroid cancer.","authors":"Matthias Lang,&nbsp;Thomas Longerich,&nbsp;Chrysanthi Anamaterou","doi":"10.1186/s13044-023-00147-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-023-00147-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, representing less than 5% of all thyroid carcinomas. Τhe median survival is limited to months due to the resistance of ATC to surgery, radioiodine therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review will cover novel agents involving several cellular signaling pathways including the BRAF pathway. The BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib improves survival among patients with metastatic melanoma, hairy-cell leukemia and intracranial neoplasms with BRAF gene mutations. The frequency of a BRAF (V600E) mutation in ATC is about 25%.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the first case of a marked partial response to adjuvant first line monotherapy with vemurafenib in BRAF V600E-mutated ATC. The 78-year-old man showed a sustained response for 7 months, thereafter scans revealed progressive disease and the patient died 10 months after first diagnosis. This case report is accompanied by a comprehensive review of current strategies and tools for ATC treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case and the review of current data confirm the benefit of BRAF inhibition in BRAF-mutated ATC, limited by acquired resistance to targeted therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9976495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10823746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lobo-isthmectomy in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer.","authors":"Jolanta Krajewska,&nbsp;Aleksandra Kukulska,&nbsp;Konrad Samborski,&nbsp;Agnieszka Czarniecka,&nbsp;Barbara Jarzab","doi":"10.1186/s13044-022-00145-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-022-00145-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have recently witnessed a rapid increase in the incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), particularly low and very low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma. Simultaneously, the number of cancer-related deaths has remained stable for more than 30 years. Such an indolent nature and long-term survival prompted researchers and experts to an ongoing discussion on the adequacy of DTC management to avoid, on the one hand, the overtreatment of low-risk cases and, on the other hand, the undertreatment of highly aggressive ones.The most recent guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA GL) moved primary thyroid surgery in DTC towards a less aggressive approach by making lobectomy an option for patients with intrathyroidal low-risk DTC tumors up to 4 cm in diameter without evidence of extrathyroidal extension or lymph node metastases. It was one of the key changes in DTC management proposed by the ATA in 2015.Following the introduction of the 2015 ATA GL, the role of thyroid lobectomy in DTC management has slowly become increasingly important. The data coming from analyses of the large databases and retrospective studies prove that a less extensive surgical approach, even if in some reports it was related to a slight increase of the risk of recurrence, did not show a negative impact on disease-specific and overall survival in T1T2N0M0 low-risk DTC. There is no doubt that making thyroid lobectomy an option for low-risk papillary and follicular carcinomas was an essential step toward the de-escalation of treatment in thyroid carcinoma.This review summarizes the current recommendations and evidence-based data supporting the necessity of de-escalation of primary thyroid surgery in low-risk DTC. It also discusses the controversies raised by introducing new ATA guidelines and tries to resolve some open questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9923929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10705018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothyroidism in hibernating brown bears.","authors":"Anne Mette Frøbert,&nbsp;Claus G Nielsen,&nbsp;Malene Brohus,&nbsp;Jonas Kindberg,&nbsp;Ole Fröbert,&nbsp;Michael T Overgaard","doi":"10.1186/s13044-022-00144-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-022-00144-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brown bears hibernate throughout half of the year as a survival strategy to reduce energy consumption during prolonged periods with scarcity of food and water. Thyroid hormones are the major endocrine regulators of basal metabolic rate in humans. Therefore, we aimed to determine regulations in serum thyroid hormone levels in hibernation compared to the active state to investigate if these are involved in the adaptions for hibernation.We used electrochemiluminescence immunoassay to quantify total triiodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxine (T₄) levels in hibernation and active state in paired serum samples from six subadult Scandinavian brown bears. Additionally, we determined regulations in the liver mRNA levels of three major thyroid hormone-binding proteins; thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin (TTR), and albumin, by analysis of previously published grizzly bear RNA sequencing data.We found that bears were hypothyroid when hibernating with T₄ levels reduced to less than 44% (P = 0.008) and T₃ levels reduced to less than 36% (P = 0.016) of those measured in the active state. In hibernation, mRNA levels of TBG and albumin increased to 449% (P = 0.031) and 121% (P = 0.031), respectively, of those measured in the active state. TTR mRNA levels did not change.Hibernating bears are hypothyroid and share physiologic features with hypothyroid humans, including decreased basal metabolic rate, bradycardia, hypothermia, and fatigue. We speculate that decreased thyroid hormone signaling is a key mediator of hibernation physiology in bears. Our findings shed light on the translational potential of bear hibernation physiology to humans for whom a similar hypometabolic state could be of interest in specific conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9890737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9194202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pros and cons of an aggressive initial treatment with surgery and radioiodine treatment in minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma.","authors":"Elisa Minaldi,&nbsp;Carlotta Giani,&nbsp;Laura Agate,&nbsp;Eleonora Molinaro,&nbsp;Rossella Elisei","doi":"10.1186/s13044-022-00143-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-022-00143-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, surgery alone is the gold standard treatment for minimally invasive follicular thyroid cancer (mi-FTC).</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A case of a mi-FTC diagnosed in 1994 was treated with total thyroidectomy and radioiodine (RAI) ablation, according to the therapeutic algorithm used at that time. Nevertheless, he had a recurrence with distant metastasis after 24 years from the initial treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Total thyroidectomy and RAI ablation might have delayed the development of distant metastasis but they were not sufficient to avoid disease recurrence. Certainly, remnant ablation simplified the follow-up and the monitoring of serum thyroglobulin allowed the early detection of the biochemical recurrence, but didn't change the outcome of the disease. Moreover, because of this early detection the patient was exposed to useless biochemical and imaging examinations. The aim of this report is to discuss the pros and cons of an aggressive treatment of a patient with mi-FTC.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9841632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9090682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and treatment of brain metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case series.","authors":"Le Ngoc Ha,&nbsp;Le Quoc Khanh,&nbsp;Ngo Thi Minh Hanh,&nbsp;Hyo Jung Seo,&nbsp;Mai Hong Son","doi":"10.1186/s13044-023-00146-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-023-00146-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The brain metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is a rare condition and its prognosis is poor. The standard protocol for screening and treatment of patients with brain metastases from papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains controversial. This report aims to share the experience of a single center in the management of brain metastases from DTC.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Five patients with brain metastases were identified from 5000 patients with DTC attending the department of nuclear medicine, Hospital 108 between 2016 to 2022. The statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five patients with brain metastases from DTC were revealed by MRI, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT with contrast enhancement, and ¹³¹I-SPECT/CT. The median time of overall survival (OS) was 15 months, ranging from 10 to 65 months. Two out of the five patients underwent surgery, and futher 2 patients were treated with stereotactic surgery (SRS). All patients are still alive.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Brain metastases from DTC are rare. MRI is the preferred imaging mobility to screen brain lesions in DTC. The primary treatment modalities are surgery and SRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":39048,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10529512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}