Arboriculture and Urban Forestry最新文献_第5页

Understanding Public Willingness to Participate in Local Conservation Initiatives of Urban Trees in Benin City, Nigeria 了解公众参与当地城市树木保护计划的意愿在尼日利亚贝宁市

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2020.018

O. Arabomen, P. Chirwa, F. Babalola

{"title":"Understanding Public Willingness to Participate in Local Conservation Initiatives of Urban Trees in Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"O. Arabomen, P. Chirwa, F. Babalola","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2020.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2020.018","url":null,"abstract":"As global populations become increasingly urban, public participation has emerged as a new and more direct initiative for the conservation of urban trees and ecosystem services (ES). However, little effort has been made to understand the willingness of residents to participate in conservation programs for trees and ES in Benin City, Nigeria. To fill this gap, a survey to understand residents’ knowledge of ES and their perceptions around ES conservation, i.e., personal willingness to participate in voluntary conservation initiatives (VCIs), was conducted. Unlike the general misconception that trees are not appreciated in African cities, this study showed that most residents had a positive appreciation for the ES provided by urban trees in Benin City. Additionally, irrespective of respondents’ demographics, the findings from this study indicated a growing importance of the ES that trees provide, such as regulation of excess heat, scenic beauty, flooding and erosion control, and provision of shade. Hence, willingness to participate in VCIs was related to the growing importance of ES in the study area. Respondents’ knowledge of ES, education, and years of residency increased the probability of an individual’s participation in VCIs in the city. Other sociodemographic factors commonly related to urban forest participation (e.g., gender, marital status, income, profession, and residential location) did not significantly influence the willingness to participate in the conservation programs. Findings from this seminal study could assist future planning and emphasize to city developers, government (at all levels), resource managers, and decision makers the need to consider public values and perceptions towards enhancing conservation initiatives for urban trees in Benin City.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"11 1","pages":"247-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82204659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Ecosystem Service-Based Sensitivity Analyses of i-Tree Eco 基于生态系统服务的i-Tree生态系统敏感性分析

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2020.021

Jian Lin, C. Kroll, D. Nowak

{"title":"Ecosystem Service-Based Sensitivity Analyses of i-Tree Eco","authors":"Jian Lin, C. Kroll, D. Nowak","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2020.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2020.021","url":null,"abstract":"\"Trees are known to provide various ecosystem services and disservices to urban communities, which can be quantified using models based on field and environmental data. It is often uncertain how tree structure and environmental variables impact model output. Here we perform a sensitivity analysis (SA) of i-Tree Eco, a common urban forest model, to analyze the relative impact of different model inputs on three module outputs: biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC)(isoprene and monoterpenes) emissions, carbon storage and sequestration, and dry deposition of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. The SA methods included novel applications of the Morris one-at-a-time method and a variance-based decomposition method, which integrates Monte Carlo simulation with Latin hypercube sampling and Iman Conover analysis. A case study was performed in New York City, New York, USA, with field plot data collected in 2013. Genus has the largest influence on BVOC emissions by determining base emission rates and its high interactions with other input factors, and BVOC emissions are sensitive to leaf biomass in a concave manner and temperature in a convex manner, while isoprene emissions show a strong linear relationship with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Diameter at breast height plays the most important role for both carbon storage and sequestration estimators; crown light exposure and tree condition are also important for carbon sequestration. Dry deposition velocity is sensitive to leaf area index and relative humidity in a nearly linear way, while sensitive to temperature and PAR in a concave manner. The results provide guidance to facilitate future field plot campaigns and model development. The knowledge revealed by the SA is also beneficial for model uncertainty reduction, which in turn facilitates more effective urban forest management and decision-making.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45702359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Monitoring of a Cross-Sectional Vibrational Mode in the Trunk of a Palm Tree 棕榈树树干横截面振动模式的监测

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2020.022

D. Ouis

{"title":"Monitoring of a Cross-Sectional Vibrational Mode in the Trunk of a Palm Tree","authors":"D. Ouis","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2020.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2020.022","url":null,"abstract":"Palm trees, like all other tree species, are living entities that may be subject to the attack of several natural agents which affect the strength of the trunk. The most serious of these damaging agents are parasites and rot fungi, which proliferate in the substance of the stem, destroying its cells and fibers and weakening it. Consequently, this decay affects the physical characteristics of the modes of vibration in the tree trunk regarding resonance frequency, shape, and damping. Advanced stages of rot infection in a tree trunk may reach such an extreme level that substantial amounts of its solid mass are removed, ultimately leading to a hollow trunk rather than one of substance. In cases like these, the trunk presents less resistance to forced vibrations, and the active modes affecting the cross section of the trunk exhibit decreased resonance frequency values. This paper aims to present a method based on vibrations which might be employed for tracking a specific mode of radial vibrations known as the ovalling mode. To achieve this goal, the trunk of a palm tree was set into vibration via mechanical excitation in the radial direction and its response at some specific point on the trunk was examined. This method uses a single concentrated source of excitation and two vibration sensors, which are diametrically positioned and fastened to the surface of the tree trunk. The ovalling mode might be extracted from the frequency response by adding the signals recorded by the two sensors, which are in phase for a test specimen with a perfectly circular, cylindrical shape made of homogeneous, isotropic material. This study provides a preliminary investigation into the feasibility and reliability of this nondestructive method when applied for the identification of rot hosting by the trunks of standing trees, wooden poles, and logs, as well as the level of severity of rot attack.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"21 1","pages":"307-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86969341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Influence of Canopy Cover on Property Values in a Small Southern US City 美国南部一个小城市林冠覆盖度对房地产价值的影响

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2020.019

Lee E. Bridges, S. Grado, Jason Gordon, D. Grebner, J. D. Kushla

引用次数: 2

Phenotyping Austrian Pine for Resistance Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析奥地利松的抗性表型

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2020.020

Anna O. Conrad, C. Villari, P. Sherwood, P. Bonello

{"title":"Phenotyping Austrian Pine for Resistance Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"Anna O. Conrad, C. Villari, P. Sherwood, P. Bonello","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2020.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2020.020","url":null,"abstract":"Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) is a valuable component of the urban landscape in the Midwestern USA. In this area, it is impacted by the fungal pathogen Diplodia sapinea, which causes a tip blight and canker on infected trees. While the disease can be managed through the application of fungicides and/or by preventing environmental conditions that are favorable for the pathogen, these practices only temporarily alleviate the problem. A more sustainable solution is to use resistant trees. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis can distinguish between trees that vary in susceptibility to D. sapinea. Trees were phenotyped for resistance to D. sapinea by artificially inoculating shoots and measuring ensuing lesions seven days following inoculation. Then, three different chemometric approaches, including a type of machine learning called support vector machine (SVM), were used to evaluate whether or not trees that varied in susceptibility could be distinguished. Trees that varied in susceptibility could be discriminated based on FT-IR spectra collected prior to pathogen infection using the three chemometric approaches: soft independent modeling of class analogy, partial least squares regression, and SVM. While further validation of the predictive models is needed, the results suggest that the approach may be useful as a tool for screening and breeding Austrian pine for resistance to D. sapinea. Furthermore, this approach may have wide applicability in other tree/plant pathosystems of concern and economic value to the nursery and ornamental industries.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"9 1","pages":"276-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74054615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Tree Crew Perspectives on Wood Product Recovery from Utility Vegetation Management 从公用事业植被管理中木材产品回收的树木工作人员观点

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2020.015

Danielle P. Kloster, A. Morzillo, J. Volin, Thomas Worthley

{"title":"Tree Crew Perspectives on Wood Product Recovery from Utility Vegetation Management","authors":"Danielle P. Kloster, A. Morzillo, J. Volin, Thomas Worthley","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2020.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2020.015","url":null,"abstract":"Utility vegetation management generates large quantities of wood that require disposal. To explore opportunities for reducing wood waste and promoting wood recovery, we evaluated the perceptions and experiences of utility-contracted tree crews regarding a wood recovery program. We conducted interviews with tree crew members both involved (n = 24) and not involved (n = 58) with the pilot program. Interview questions focused on workflow, interactions with homeowners and the public, and opportunities for implementation of a wood recovery program from the crew member perspective. Participants generally had positive attitudes toward a wood recovery program, wanting to provide benefits for communities through revenue from log sales and to reduce wood waste. Potential challenges associated with such a program included: (1) increased time required for tree removal; (2) safety concerns for removing larger logs; (3) physical obstacles such as mailboxes and stone walls; (4) homeowners wanting to keep the wood; and (5) low-quality wood (i.e., containing rot or metal). The protocol was modified to address such concerns. With the input of tree crew members, our findings suggest that a wood recovery program has the potential to be successful in reducing wood waste from utility vegetation management and generating benefits for communities, particularly in urban environments.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"22 1","pages":"197-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80997295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Time Series Analysis of Urban Forest Waste in João Pessoa (Northeast Brazil) 巴西东北部jo<s:1> o Pessoa城市森林废弃物的时间序列分析

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2020.012

Yuri Rommel Vieira Araújo, T. Melquíades, M. Carvalho, Luiz Moreira Coelho

引用次数: 0

The Benefits of Tree Shade and Turf on Globe and Surface Temperatures in an Urban Tropical Environment 在城市热带环境中，树荫和草皮对地球和地表温度的好处

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2020.017

L. Ow, Subhadip Ghosh, Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof

{"title":"The Benefits of Tree Shade and Turf on Globe and Surface Temperatures in an Urban Tropical Environment","authors":"L. Ow, Subhadip Ghosh, Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2020.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2020.017","url":null,"abstract":"The process of urbanisation increases temperature and alters the thermal comfort in cities. Urban heat islands (UHIs) result in the rise of ambient temperatures. For example, in the densely populated island state of Singapore, the UHI intensity was some 4.5 °C. Such elevation in heat can negatively impact outdoor thermal comfort and may give rise to serious health problems. The present study investigated the benefits of trees and turf as mitigation strategies for urban areas. Short- and long-term observations were made for surface and globe temperatures over smaller plots of vegetation and hard surfaces involving tree shade and full sun. Similar observations were investigated over a larger extent of vegetation across concrete, asphalt, and turf within an urban park setting. The presence of turf and shade from trees greatly affected surface temperatures, and the effect was most pronounced when both were present. The presence of turf reduced surface temperatures by up to 10 °C, while tree shade led to a 12 °C reduction. Globe temperatures showed that the presence of turf and shading reduced temperatures between 5 and 10 °C. These results suggest that turf and trees can effectively cool surfaces and improve outdoor thermal comfort. The results of this study can be applied to urban planning of greenery and can be used as a reference for other tropical cities with similar climates that are also working to develop mitigation measures to improve the liveability of their cities.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"201 1","pages":"228-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74973343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the Load-Bearing Capacity of Bark-Included Junctions in Crataegus monogyna Jacq. in the Presence and Absence of Natural Braces 山楂含树皮结的承载能力评价。自然括号的存在和不存在

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2020.016

D. Meadows, D. Slater

{"title":"Assessment of the Load-Bearing Capacity of Bark-Included Junctions in Crataegus monogyna Jacq. in the Presence and Absence of Natural Braces","authors":"D. Meadows, D. Slater","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2020.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2020.016","url":null,"abstract":"Bark-included junctions are frequently encountered defects within the aerial structures of trees. The presence of included bark within a branch junction can substantially reduce the junction’s factor of safety. Recent research has found naturally occurring bracing to be a primary cause of the formation of included bark within branch junctions. This study tested the load-bearing capacity of branch junctions in hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) using rupture tests and compared the mechanical performance of “control” branch junctions, bark-included junctions with the natural bracing retained, and bark-included junctions where we had intentionally removed their natural braces by cutting them out. Substantial variability was observed in the failure kinematics of bark-included branch junctions when their natural braces were retained. The type of natural brace present affected the mode of failure of the branch junctions when pulled apart. A single specimen with fused branches presented the strongest form of natural brace in this study, followed by entwining branches, whereas crossing branches were found to provide the least mechanical resistance. This study provides initial evidence that the type of associated natural brace is an important consideration when an arborist is trying to assess the likely mechanical performance of a bark-included junction within a tree and its likelihood of failure.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"8 1","pages":"210-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80195895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Review of United States Arboricultural Operation Fatal and Nonfatal Incidents (2001–2017): Implications for Safety Training 2001-2017年美国树木作业致命和非致命事故回顾:对安全培训的启示

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2020.006

J. Ball, Shane Vosberg, T. Walsh

{"title":"A Review of United States Arboricultural Operation Fatal and Nonfatal Incidents (2001–2017): Implications for Safety Training","authors":"J. Ball, Shane Vosberg, T. Walsh","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2020.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2020.006","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the hazards present during arboricultural operations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration Fatality and Catastrophe incident database and other Bureau of Labor Statistic sources were analyzed for arboricultural operation incidents within the 17-year period from 2001 through 2017. There were 865 fatal and 441 nonfatal incidents reviewed from this period. The leading four fatal incidents, from the largest to the smallest number of fatalities, were climber falls, workers struck by a falling tree, workers making indirect contact with an electric current, and workers struck by a falling branch. Climber falls were also the leading incident for severe nonfatal injuries, followed by ground workers struck by a falling branch, workers struck by a chain saw, and falls by aerial device operators. The American National Standards Institute Z133 American National Standard for Arboricultural Operations—Safety Requirements establishes safety requirements and recommendations for arboricultural operations in the United States. It addresses common hazard sources and has guidelines to avoid, eliminate, or reduce them. Safety training programs should emphasize the most common hazard sources for fatal and nonfatal incidents and follow the ANSI Z.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48491184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9